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Science1 Apr 2024

Rice’s Mark Torres wins NSF CAREER Award to examine river water chemistry

Mark Torres, assistant professor of Earth, environmental and planetary sciences at Rice University, has won a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award to unlock new insights in river water chemistry, including its implications for addressing environmental concerns. Torres’ five-year, $612,930 grant is to develop innovative approaches for analyzing variations in river water chemistry. He will lead a research team to shed light on the interplay between water flow and chemical reactions to better understand the effects of climate change on water resources. “The chemistry ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

Texas Tech researcher part of breakthrough findings

For Tom Maccarone, the universe really is his laboratory. “I am drawn to the idea of things going on where there are conditions you have little or no hope of reproducing in a lab,” said Maccarone, a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Texas Tech University. “It gives you a way to do the most exotic physics experiments without having to build a giant laboratory. I am also drawn to problems where we still don’t really know anything.” Maccarone recently enjoyed the best of both ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

Rapid rise seen in mental health diagnosis and care during and after pregnancy

Mental health issues during pregnancy or the first year of parenthood have a much greater chance of getting detected and treated now than just over a decade ago, a trio of new studies suggests. But the rise in diagnosis and care hasn’t happened equally across different groups and states, leaving some pregnant or postpartum individuals more likely to suffer through treatable symptoms that can put themselves and their newborn at risk. In general, the studies show rises in diagnoses of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

New research highlights inequities in treatment of postpartum depressive symptoms

Pregnancy and childbirth can be significant stressors on mental health. Nearly one in eight people who have given birth develop postpartum depression, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than just the “baby blues,” postpartum depressive symptoms can lead to adverse outcomes for birthing people and families, and treatment requires effective screening, diagnosis and management. New research from the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health and the Columbia University Mailman ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

Ochsner Health nurses honored by the Louisiana State Nursing Association

NEW ORLEANS, La – Ten Ochsner Health nurses have been named to Louisiana State Nursing Association’s (LSNA) inaugural “40 under 40” list. This award recognizes future leaders of nursing in Louisiana. LSNA selected 40 outstanding nurse leaders 40 years of age and under who exemplify dedication to the nursing profession and demonstrate the qualities of a good leader. "Nurses provide an indispensable role in delivering high quality healthcare to our communities. This recognition is well-deserved and a testament to each nurse’s commitment to excellence in administering compassionate care to their patients. At Ochsner, we applaud this achievement and extend ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

Golfers’ risk from pesticides used on turfgrass is likely low, studies find

For many, spring heralds fresh air and exercise on the golf course. But do players risk exposure to unsafe levels of pesticides used to beautify and maintain a golf course’s green grass? To find out, researchers asked volunteers to play 18 holes on a simulated course sprayed with common pesticides. They report the results in ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, saying there is likely limited cause for concern over toxic exposure from pesticide-treated turf. There are plenty of studies on pesticide exposure among people who tend ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

Dr. Boris Zelle earns 2024 Diversity Award from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

SAN ANTONIO, April 1, 2024 – Boris A. Zelle, MD, FAAOS, FAOA, professor, vice-chair of research and chief of orthopaedic trauma in the Department of Orthopaedics at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio), recently received the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2024 Diversity Award, recognizing outstanding contributions to advancing diversity in the field. With more than 39,000 members, the AAOS is the world’s largest medical association of musculoskeletal specialists. “Receiving the AAOS Diversity Award means a lot to me,” Zelle told the AAOS. “I have practiced academic ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

Georgia Tech researchers develop more broadly protective coronavirus vaccine

Scientists have been searching for the optimal coronavirus vaccine since the Covid-19 pandemic started. The mRNA vaccines developed through the federal government's "Operation Warp Speed" program were a massive innovation; however, annually updating those boosters for specific SARS-CoV-2 variants is inefficient for scientists and patients. SARS-CoV-2 is just one member of the Sarbecovirus (SARS Betacoronavirus) subfamily (others include SARS-CoV-1, which caused the 2002 SARS outbreak, as well as other viruses circulating in bats that could cause future pandemics). Researchers at the Georgia Institute of ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

Mayo Clinic scientists pioneer immunotherapy technique for autoimmune diseases

ROCHESTER, Minn. — Mayo Clinic scientists have developed an immunotherapy strategy that potentially lays the groundwork for treating a spectrum of autoimmune diseases. The new technique, detailed in a preclinical study published in Nature Biomedical Engineering, involves combining chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), resulting in engineered stem cells known as CAR-MSCs. “The pioneering approach shows potential in targeting inflammatory disease sites more precisely and improving immunosuppression and healing outcomes,” says Saad Kenderian, M.B., ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

We’ve had bird evolution all wrong

An enormous meteor spelled doom for most dinosaurs 65 million years ago. But not all. In the aftermath of the extinction event, birds — technically dinosaurs themselves — flourished. Scientists have spent centuries trying to organize and sort some 10,000 species of birds into one clear family tree to understand how the last surviving dinosaurs filled the skies. Cheap DNA sequencing should have made this simple, as it has for countless other species. But birds were prepared to deceive us. In a pair of new research papers ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

New method reveals hidden activity of life below ground

A team of scientists led by researchers at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences have developed an innovative method to link the genetics and function of individual microbes living without oxygen deep below Earth’s surface. Measuring both of these attributes — and, more importantly, linking them together — has long been a challenge in microbiology but is critical for understanding the role of microbial communities in global processes like the carbon cycle. The new approach, developed at Bigelow Laboratory’s Single Cell Genomics Center, enabled researchers to discover that one species of sulfate-consuming ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

New antibiotic class effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria

Scientists at Uppsala University have discovered a new class of antibiotics with potent activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria, and have shown that it cures bloodstream infections in mice. The new antibiotic class is described in an article in the scientific journal PNAS. Antibiotics are the foundation of modern medicine and over the last century have dramatically improved the lives of people around the world. Nowadays we tend to take antibiotics for granted and rely heavily on them to treat or prevent ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

A new family tree revises our understanding of bird evolution

Birds are the only dinosaur lineage that survived until today. About 66 million years ago at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, a mass extinction event destroyed all non-avian dinosaurs, providing an opportunity for birds to diversify rapidly and occupy a wide range of ecological niches. Neoaves, a diverse group comprising approximately 95% of all bird species today, emerged from this radiation. From the towering condors of the Andes to the diminutive hummingbirds flitting through tropical forests, Neoaves encompass a stunning ...

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Technology1 Apr 2024

Computational tools fuel reconstruction of new and improved bird family tree

An international team of scientists has built the largest and most detailed bird family tree to date—an intricate chart delineating 93 million years of evolutionary relationships between 363 bird species, representing 92% of all bird families. The advance was made possible in large part thanks to cutting-edge computational methods developed by engineers at the University of California San Diego, combined with the university’s state-of-the-art supercomputing resources at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. These technologies have enabled researchers to analyze vast amounts of genomic data with high accuracy and speed, ...

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Technology1 Apr 2024

New USF study: Research reveals language barriers limit effectiveness of cybersecurity resources

TAMPA, Fla. (April 1, 2024) – The idea for Fawn Ngo’s latest research came from a television interview. Ngo, a University of South Florida criminologist, had spoken with a Vietnamese language network in California about her interest in better understanding how people become victims of cybercrime. Afterward, she began receiving phone calls from viewers recounting their own experiences of victimization. “Some of the stories were unfortunate and heartbreaking,” said Ngo, an associate professor in the USF College of Behavioral and Community Sciences. “They made me wonder about the availability ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

CU researchers awarded grant to develop genetic risk score for thyroid cancer

Researchers at the University of Colorado School of Medicine are hopeful new research could prevent up to 130,000 unneeded fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of thyroid nodules and subsequent surgeries each year in the United States by better understanding the genetic risk associated with thyroid cancer. Through an R21 grant from the National Institutes of Health, Nikita Pozdeyev, MD, assistant professor of biomedical informatics, Chris Gignoux, PhD, professor of biomedical informatics, and Bryan Haugen, MD, professor of medicine and head of the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, will study new strategies that could pave the way ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

NIST researchers use cellphone compass to measure tiny concentrations of compounds important for human health

Nearly every modern cellphone has a built-in compass, or magnetometer, that detects the direction of Earth’s magnetic field, providing critical information for navigation. Now a team of researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a technique that uses an ordinary cellphone magnetometer for an entirely different purpose — to measure the concentration of glucose, a marker for diabetes, to high accuracy. The same technique, which uses the magnetometer in conjunction with magnetic materials designed ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

Frisch to conduct research on healing the traumatized body in second temple Judaism

Frisch To Conduct Research On Healing The Traumatized Body In Second Temple Judaism Alexandria ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

Reducing late-night alcohol sales curbed all violent crimes by 23% annually in a Baltimore neighborhood

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Monday, April 1, 2024 Contact: Jillian McKoy, jpmckoy@bu.edu Michael Saunders, msaunder@bu.edu ## Reducing Late-Night Alcohol Sales Curbed All Violent Crimes by 23% Annually in a Baltimore Neighborhood A new study found that reducing alcohol hours of sale for bars and taverns in a Baltimore, Md. neighborhood also reduced homicides by 51 percent within the first month and by 40 percent annually, pointing to possible opportunities for other cities to address excessive drinking and crime. Simply reducing the hours during which alcohol may be purchased can significantly reduce violent crime, ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

Altered brain morphology and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women

“[...] our findings suggest that diminished brain volume and functional connectivity may be linked to menopause-related symptoms caused by the lower sex hormone levels.” BUFFALO, NY- April 1, 2024 – A new research paper was published on the cover of Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 16, Issue 6, entitled, “Altered brain morphology and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women: automatic segmentation of whole-brain and thalamic subnuclei ...

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Engineering1 Apr 2024

UIC engineers ‘symphonize’ cleaner ammonia production

Among the many chemicals we use every day, ammonia is one of the worst for the atmosphere. The nitrogen-based chemical used in fertilizer, dyes, explosives and many other products ranks second only to cement in terms of carbon emissions, due to the high temperatures and energy needed to manufacture it. But by improving on a well-known electrochemical reaction and orchestrating a “symphony” of lithium, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, University of Illinois Chicago engineers led by Meenesh Singh have developed a new ammonia production processthat meets several green targets. The process, called ...

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Physics1 Apr 2024

Old crystal, new story for enhancing deep ultraviolet laser performance

In the realm of science and technology, harnessing coherent light sources in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) region holds immense significance across various applications such as lithography, defect inspection, metrology, and spectroscopy. Traditionally, high-power 193-nanometer (nm) lasers have been pivotal in lithography, forming an integral part of systems used for precise patterning. However, the coherence limitations associated with conventional ArF excimer lasers hinder their effectiveness in applications requiring high-resolution patterns, like interference lithography. Enter the concept of the "hybrid ArF excimer laser." ...

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Medicine1 Apr 2024

April issues of APA journals cover treatment for irritability in youth, collaborative psychopharmacology, disparities in use of restraint, and more

WASHINGTON, D.C., April 1, 2024 — The latest issues of three American Psychiatric Association journals, The American Journal of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Services and The American Journal of Psychotherapy are now available online. The April issue of The American Journal of Psychiatry features studies that focus on youth psychopathology. Highlights include: Promising clinical results and neuroimaging findings seen in a double-blind trial of intranasal oxytocin for irritability. (AJP Deputy Editor Danny Pine highlights the study in this video and lead author Soonjo Hwang is the featured guest on April’s AJP Audio podcast episode.) A critical integrative review of irritability ...

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Science1 Apr 2024

I spy with my speedy eye – scientists discover speed of visual perception ranges widely in humans

Using a blink-and-you’ll-miss-it experiment, researchers from Trinity College Dublin have discovered that individuals differ widely in the rate at which they perceive visual signals. Some people perceive a rapidly changing visual cue at frequencies that others cannot, which means some access more visual information per timeframe than others. This discovery uggests some people have an innate advantage in certain settings where response time is crucial, such as in ball sports, or in competitive ...

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Technology1 Apr 2024

Reinventing computer vision to mimic human vision

As computer vision (CV) systems become increasingly power and memory intensive, they become unsuitable for high-speed and resource deficit edge applications - such as hypersonic missile tracking and autonomous navigation - because of size, weight, and power constraints. At the University of Pittsburgh, engineers are ushering in the next generation of computer vision systems by using neuromorphic engineering to reinvent visual processing systems with a biological inspiration - human vision. Rajkumar Kubendran, assistant professor ...

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