Lots of potentially useful medical information is getting lost. McGill researchers discovered this when they looked into the lack of reporting of information from "stalled drug" trials in cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. "Stalled drugs" are drugs that fail to make it to the market either because they prove to be ineffective or unsafe or both. Because only one in ten of the drugs that goes into human testing actually gets licensed, most of the information collected in developing new drugs is currently being lost. This is despite the fact that this information ...

In a study published in the current online issue of JAMA Psychiatry, an international team of scientists, led by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, report finding a highly accurate blood-based measure that could lead to development of a clinical test for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in males as young as one to two years old. The test could be done in community pediatric settings. The degree of accuracy, they said, out performs other behavioral and genetic screens for infants and toddlers with ASD described in literature. The ...

Eating a vegetarian diet was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancers compared with nonvegetarians in a study of Seventh-Day Adventist men and women, according to an article published online by JAMA Internal Medicine. Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Although great attention has been paid to screening, primary prevention through lowering risk factors remains an important objective. Dietary factors have been identified as a modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer, including red meat which is linked to increased ...

Rural suicide rates were nearly double those of urban areas for both males and females in a study of suicide deaths in young people ages 10 to 24, according to an article published online by JAMA Pediatrics. Suicide is a public health problem and in 2010 suicide was the third leading cause of death in young people behind only unintentional injuries and homicides, according to the study background. Cynthia A. Fontanella, Ph.D., of Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, and coauthors provide an updated comparison of rural and urban youth suicides by analyzing ...

COLUMBUS, Ohio - The adolescent and young-adult suicide rate in the United States was almost twice as high in rural settings than in urban areas between 1996 and 2010, and new research suggests that the gap appears to be widening. Of the nearly 67,000 suicides analyzed, the rate of suicide for both males and females living in rural areas was about double the rate in cities. The research, published in JAMA Pediatrics, also showed that gun use has decreased and that hanging has become a more common method of youth suicide for both males and females. Suicide rates by ...

Middle-aged Americans who show high levels of societal involvement and mental health are especially likely to construe their lives as stories of personal redemption, according to new research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Previous research has shown that adults who are inclined toward generativity - the concern for and commitment to promoting the growth and well-being of future generations - are more likely to engage in a wide range of prosocial behaviors, including positive parenting styles, political participation, ...

Just a weeks' worth of training can improve vision in older adults, according to new research in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. The findings show that training boosted older adults' sensitivity to contrast and also their ability to see things clearly at close distances. "Our research indicates that the visual system of older adults maintains a high degree of plasticity and demonstrates that training methods can be used to improve visual function," explains psychological scientist G. John Andersen of the University of California, ...

Case Western Reserve University nurse scientist Amy Zhang, who has long examined quality-of-life issues in cancer patients, wondered whether depression in African-American cancer patients has been under-recognized for treatment. Accurately assessing depression in cancer patients is difficult in general because the physical symptoms of cancer and depression--low energy, lack of sleep and loss of appetite--are so similar. "African-American cancer patients are often sicker and have more severe physical symptoms," said Zhang, PhD, an associate professor at Case Western ...

Future outbreaks of measles can only be prevented by vaccination. An article published in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health examined reasons people are hesitant to vaccinate. In 2012, an imported case from Thailand led to a large measles outbreak in New South Wales, with 168 identified cases. Ninety-five of the cases had not been vaccinated appropriately and 32 of these cases reported vaccine refusal as the reason for not being vaccinated. "Active vaccine refusal is a significant issue and leaves a large group of children at unnecessary risk of measles ...

Australian health websites are too difficult for many people to read. This is the finding from a study published in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. Matthew Dunn and Christina Cheng from Deakin University evaluated Australian online health information to see if it matched the reading level of Australians. "Limited availability of 'easy-to-read' health materials suggests that many Australians may not be benefiting from the convenience of the internet," Dr Dunn said. "For example, more than 12 million Australians were overweight or obese in 2007, yet ...

If you want to know what a man's true attitude towards the female sex is, carefully watch how he smiles and chats to her. This advice is gleaned from a study by Jin Goh and Judith Hall of Northeastern University in the US, published in Springer's journal Sex Roles. It sheds light on how sexism subtly influences social interaction between men and woman. Even though discrimination against women is thought to have decreased over the past six decades in the United States, instances of sexism are not difficult to find. Experts believe that such gender discrimination can be ...

Researchers from Manchester, working with scientists in California, have found that certain molecules long thought to promote cancer growth, in fact suppress tumours, suggesting that therapeutic approaches should aim to restore, rather than block, their activity. The protein kinase C (PKC) family of molecules are enzymes that facilitate a range of cellular processes, including cell survival, proliferation, migration and death. In the 1980s it was found that PKCs were activated by cancer-causing phorbol esters, and led to the conclusion that PKCs themselves induced the ...

Reston, Va. (March 9, 2015) - A single scan could diagnose the cause of foot pain better and with less radiation exposure to the patient than other methods, according to a study in the March 2015 issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Imaging with 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR), compared to 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed topography (PET/CT), provides more diagnostic information with higher diagnostic certainty. Foot pain is a common problem in the daily routine of any orthopedic surgeon. It can be ...

CAMBRIDGE, Mass--The process of wrinkle formation is familiar to anyone who has ever sat in a bathtub a little too long. But exactly why layered materials sometimes form one kind of wrinkly pattern or another -- or even other variations, such as creases, folds, or delaminated buckles -- has now been explained at a fundamental level by researchers at MIT. The underlying process is the same in all of these cases: Layers of material with slightly different properties -- whether skin tissue or multilayer materials created in the lab -- tend to form patterned surfaces when ...

March 9, 2015 -- Unhealthy weight gain in pregnancy has been linked with infant size and body composition but until now little was known about its long-term association with childhood obesity among low-income and multi-ethnic youth. For the first time, researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health studied the effects of gestational weight gain on childhood obesity risk among a multi-ethnic urban population. The researchers determined that excessive pregnancy weight gain was associated with greater overall and abdominal body fat in children and obesity ...

EUGENE, Ore. -- March 9, 2015 -- University of Oregon geologist Qusheng Jin initially labeled his theory "A Wild Hypothesis." Now his study of arsenic cycling in a southern Willamette Valley aquifer is splashing with potential significance for arsenic-compromised aquifers around the world. In a paper online ahead of regular publication in the journal Nature Geoscience, Jin's five-member team reports on a bacterial process that turns toxic inorganic arsenic into organic forms that usually are considered to be less dangerous. Jin's conclusion now is that organic arsenic ...

SAN FRANCISCO (March 9, 2015) -- A team of Brazilian scientists--including Luiz Rocha, PhD, Associate Curator of Ichthyology at the California Academy of Sciences--is raising awareness about impending conservation setbacks for Brazil's aquatic animals, calling for immediate fisheries management collaboration between the nation's public and private sectors. The scientists say Brazil can transform this moment of political turmoil into positive action--and become a leader among developing countries facing widespread extinction of aquatic fauna. The call to protect the future ...

Vildagliptin (trade name Galvus or Jalra) has been approved since September 2007 for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in whom diet and exercise do not provide adequate glycaemic control. The German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) examined in a new dossier assessment whether this drug offers an added benefit over the appropriate comparator therapy. Such an added benefit cannot be derived from the new dossier either, however, because the drug manufacturer did not submit any suitable data. Manufacturer itself applied for a new dossier assessment Neither ...

Atomic clocks are the most accurate clocks in the world. In an atomic clock, electrons jumping from one orbit to another decides the clock's frequency. To get the electrons to jump, researchers shine light on the atoms using stabilised laser light. However, the laser light has to have a very precise frequency to trigger very precise electron jumps. It is however challenging to get the laser light frequency ultra precise - there will always be a little 'noise'. Now researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute have developed a method that reduces the noise so that it is up to ...

The drug combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (trade name Harvoni) has been available since November 2014 for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. The German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) examined in a dossier assessment whether this new drug offers an added benefit over the appropriate comparator therapy. IQWiG found a hint a non-quantifiable added benefit for two out of seven patient groups in total: in an infection with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) when previous therapies had been unsuccessful, and when previously ...

HEIDELBERG, 10 March 2015 - An international group of researchers has shown that a regulatory protein involved in controlling how cancer spreads through the body also influences the fate of stem cells in the intestine of mice. The results, which are published in The EMBO Journal, show that the Snai1 protein plays an important role in deciding the fate of intestinal stem cells and the different functions that these cells can adopt. "Our results show that Snai1 is a key regulator of crypt base columnar cells, a type of stem cell found in the invaginations or crypts that ...

New research conducted by The University of Manchester has found that GPs' patients can feel alienated by lack of trust, impersonal processes and that this presents problems to improving their safety. Most research into patient safety focuses on the systems operated by health services. This is particularly focused on hospitals. However, most encounters occur within GP services where relationships between doctor and patient can form a significant part of reaching successful diagnosis and treatment. The team from the NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety ...

Study suggests that millions of modern Asian men are descended from 11 ancient leaders, including Genghis Khan Sample examined the Y chromosomes of 5,000 Asian men from 127 populations Historical nomadic and mobile populations allowed for Y chromosomes to be spread far and wide Geneticists from the University of Leicester have discovered that millions of modern Asian men are descended from 11 powerful dynastic leaders who lived up to 4,000 years ago - including Mongolian warlord Genghis Khan. The study, which is funded by the Wellcome Trust and published in ...

Males that mate more often are more insecure about their social status than those mating less, according to new research on the behaviour of burying beetles. The study, published in the journal Evolution, provides new evidence that the social sensitivity of male behaviour is linked to how often male beetles mate. Male burying beetles actively compete with each other for access to breeding resources such as dead mice, and when they find a suitable carcass will emit pheromones as a signal to attract females. But the emission of pheromones may also attract other males, ...

BUFFALO, N.Y. - Although some children emerge from cold and neglectful family environments as adults with high self-esteem, a new University at Buffalo study suggests these people may still be at a relative disadvantage in life, with a foggier sense of who they are. On the other hand, adults with low self-esteem who grew up in the same type of negative environment actually have relatively high self-clarity, according to the study's findings. "Our findings show that even those people who manage to get out of that relatively negative time and view themselves as good, worthwhile ...