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Science

Exploring how people face moral dilemmas

People typically evaluate the preferences of both themselves and others before making decisions in moral dilemmas. Researchers have theorized how people face moral dilemmas, but experimental data is lacking. In a new JNeurosci paper, JuYoung Kim and Hackjin Kim at Korea University provide what they claim is the first experimental data to address the question of how people face moral dilemmas. The researchers assessed study participants’ awareness of their own bodily signals and how closely they aligned with unknown group moral preferences in different scenarios. Awareness of internal states was measured using self-reports and self-evaluations ...

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Science

Are at-home water tests worth it? New UMass Amherst study shows quality can vary widely

AMHERST, Mass. — For the cautious – or simply curious – homeowner, an at-home water testing kit may seem reassuring. But there are high levels of variability between test kits’ abilities to detect potential contaminants in water, a new study from the University of Massachusetts Amherst has found. “People might be concerned about their drinking water, whether they’ve heard things in the news, or they notice it tastes different, or the color is different,” says Emily Kumpel, associate professor of civil and environmental ...

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Science

Even the best sales pitch can fail in the wrong setting

PULLMAN, Wash. – When it comes to closing a deal, salespeople may be losing customers before they ever say a word. New research from Washington State University suggests the location of sales interactions may be just as important as the sales pitch. The research, “Psychological Reactance Among B2C Sales Prospects,” published in the Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, examines how the physical sales environment affects customer behavior in private and public settings. Researchers Bitty Balducci and Minjoo Kim, ...

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Science

Participatory formats for remembering Nazi atrocities are effective

In two randomized studies with around 1,500 participants, the researchers compared the impact of active remembrance work with the mere provision of information. The study focused on the #everynamecounts project, a digital crowdsourcing project run by the Arolsen Archives in which volunteers digitize historical documents related to the persecution of Nazi victim groups. Half of the participants actively took part in this project and digitized so-called prisoner registration cards from the Buchenwald concentration camp. The other group only received information about Nazi persecution and the archived documents ...

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Science

Ancient poems tell the story of charismatic river porpoise’s decline over the past 1,400 years

Endemic to China’s Yangtze River, the Yangtze finless porpoise is known for its intelligence and charismatic appearance; it looks like it has a perpetual smile on its face. To track how this critically endangered porpoise’s habitat range has changed over time, a team of biodiversity and conservation experts compiled 724 ancient Chinese poems referencing the porpoise from historic collections across China. Publishing in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on May 5, their results show that the porpoise’s range has decreased by at least 65% over the past 1,400 years, with the majority of this decline occurring in the past century. ...

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Science

Prenatal cannabis use and neonatal outcomes

About The Study: Cannabis use in pregnancy was associated with greater odds of preterm birth, small for gestational age, and low birth weight even after adjusting for co-use of tobacco products, and confidence in these findings increased from low in the prior review to moderate in the current meta-analysis. The findings of this study may help inform patient counseling and future public health policies. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jamie O. Lo, MD, email loj@ohsu.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.0689) Editor’s ...

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Science

Saving the Asian unicorn – if it still exists

Is it extinct, or does it still roam somewhere deep in the misty highland forests of Vietnam and Laos? It has been nicknamed the Asian unicorn due to its almost mythical rarity, and it is the most recently discovered large land mammal, becoming known to science as late as in 1992. Even then, it was already endangered. Today, even the most optimistic estimates say fewer than 100 saola individuals (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) remain, but it could also be extinct by now. The last confirmed sighting in the wild was in 2013. Researchers have been searching for it ever since, ...

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Science

Blue tips are red algae’s red flags

Some red algae exhibit structural color that gives their growth tips a blue hue and the rest of their bodies including their fruiting structures a white hue. Moreover, since the color-producing structures are located together with anti-herbivory chemicals, the Kobe University discovery is the first to suggest that red algae use colors for inter-species communication. Red algae are red due to the pigments they use to collect light. Kobe University phycologist KAWAI Hiroshi says: “Being a diver, I have long been aware that some red algae have a much whiter appearance ...

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Science

What happens when a companion chatbot crosses the line?

Over the last five years the use of highly personalized artificial intelligence chatbots — called companion chatbots — designed to act as friends, therapists or even romantic partners has skyrocketed to more than a billion users worldwide. While there may be psychological benefits to engaging with chatbots in this way, there have also been a growing number of reports that these relationships are taking a disturbing turn. Recent research from Drexel University, suggests that exposure to inappropriate behavior, and even sexual harassment, in interactions with chatbots is becoming a widespread problem and that lawmakers and AI companies must do more to address it. In ...

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Science

To kiss or not to kiss: Can gluten pass through a smooch?

SAN DIEGO, CA. (MAY 5, 2025) — People with celiac disease have reported anxiety about ingesting gluten through a kiss, but a new study concludes that they can indulge without worry — even if their partner just had a gluten-filled snack, according to a study to be presented today at Digestive Disease Week® (DDW) 2025. To be extra safe, the study recommends drinking water before smooching. “Everyone worries about whether gluten is getting into their food at a restaurant, but no one really looked at what happens when you kiss afterwards,” said Anne ...

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Science

Scientists discover key to taming unrest at Italy’s Campi Flegrei

Swarms of earthquakes have been jolting southern Italy with increasing intensity since 2022, threatening hundreds of thousands of people living atop a volcanic area known as Campi Flegrei, where the land experiences slow vertical movements. While authorities debate disaster responses and evacuation protocols, researchers may have found a way to thwart the cyclic unrest altogether: by managing water runoff or lowering groundwater levels, thus reducing fluid pressure within the geothermal reservoir. Through subsurface ...

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Science

NCSA director Bill Gropp honored with prestigious ACM award

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) announced Bill Gropp, director of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, was one of six researchers to receive the 2024 ACM Software System Award for their innovative work on MPICH, a high-performance and widely portable implementation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard. The ACM Software System Award is presented to an institution or individual(s) recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence, reflected in contributions to concepts, commercial acceptance or both. Created more than three decades ...

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Science

nTIDE May 2025 Jobs Report: Employment of People with Disabilities Remains in a Holding Pattern

East Hanover, NJ – May 2, 2025 – The latest National Trends in Disability Employment (nTIDE) report shows that the labor market appears to be in a holding pattern for people with disabilities and people without disabilities, as the economy slows and uncertainty around the tariffs continues. nTIDE is issued by Kessler Foundation and the University of New Hampshire’s Institute on Disability. Month-to-Month nTIDE Numbers (comparing March 2025 to April 2025) Based on data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Jobs Report released today, the employment-to-population ratio for people ...

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Science

ESE and ESPE joint event to call for stronger national and EU action on endocrine disruptors

Taking place on 14 May 2025, in Copenhagen and online, the event will bring together leading European scientists, policymakers and civil society to address the urgent health and environmental threat from endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The European Society of Endocrinology (ESE), the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) and the Danish endocrine community will host a high-level event titled: “Minimising the impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on health and environment: A scientific update following the joint congress of ESPE and ESE 2025.” The ...

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Science

Call for papers: Commemorative collection honoring Dr. Judith Campisi

"This collection is published in memory of Professor Judith Campisi, a pioneering force in the field of cellular senescence whose groundbreaking work shaped the understanding of senescence in aging, cancer, and tissue homeostasis." BUFFALO, NY — May 1, 2025 — Aging (Aging-US) invites submissions for a Special Collection dedicated to the theme of cellular senescence, spanning its basic mechanisms, physiological and pathological functions, and clinical applications. This collection is published in memory of Professor ...

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Science

The all-female Korean Haenyeo divers show genetic adaptions to cold water diving

The Haenyeo, a group of all-female divers from the Korean island of Jeju, are renowned for their ability to dive in frigid waters without the aid of breathing equipment — even while pregnant. A study publishing on May 2 in the Cell Press journal Cell Reports shows that the divers’ remarkable abilities are due to both training and genetic adaptation, including gene variants associated with cold tolerance and decreased blood pressure. The divers also showed pronounced bradycardia, or slowing of the heart rate, when they dived, but this trait is likely due to a lifetime of training, not genetics. “The ...

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Science

Postpartum care differences in LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ individuals

About The Study: Despite similar access to health insurance, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) people had large inequities in unmet health care needs and cost-related medication nonadherence in the postpartum year. Results suggested LGBTQ+ people receive lower-quality care in the postpartum period. Although use of pregnancy-related care was comparable, LGBTQ+ individuals used more primary and specialist care and were nearly twice as likely to use the emergency department compared with ...

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Science

Lactate mediates training of our innate defenses

Lactate mediates training of our innate defenses A link between metabolism and epigenetics forms the basis for trained immunity The BCG vaccine protects against tuberculosis, but by inducing trained immunity it also protects against many more respiratory infections. International research led by the Radboudumc shows how this process works. Lactate, a product of scaled-up energy production, appears to play a leading role. The immune system protects people in two ways. Innate immunity protects us from birth against many bacteria and viruses, while adaptive immunity ...

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Science

Two HSS studies exploring pain control win President’s Choice Awards at Annual ASRA Meeting

Two studies at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) focused on advancing pain management have received President’s Choice Awards from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA). The awards recognize innovative research with significant potential to improve patient care, highlighting HSS’s leadership in developing safer, more effective approaches to pain control. Study: Prevalence of cannabidiol use in patients undergoing sports medicine procedures on the knee, shoulder, or hip: A survey study Researchers set out to determine the ...

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Science

The secret to happiness lies within you, or society -- or both

What is the secret to happiness? Does happiness come from within, or is it shaped by external influences such as our jobs, health, relationships and material circumstances? A new study published in Nature Human Behaviour shows that happiness can come from either within or from external influences, from both, or neither – and which is true differs across people. People have long contemplated the sources of happiness. In recent years, efforts such as the World Happiness Report seek to improve wellbeing across the world. “We have to understand the sources of happiness to build effective ...

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Centuries-old Austrian mummy found to be exceptionally well preserved thanks to unusual embalming method

For centuries, many cultures around the world embalmed their dead, often for religious reasons. Accordingly, embalming methods differ, but not all of them are studied equally well. In a first report of a previously undocumented embalming method, an international team of researchers has analyzed a mummy from a small Austrian village. Detailed analyses provided insights into little-known mummification techniques and allowed them to identify the body. “The unusually well-preserved mummy in the church crypt of St Thomas am Blasenstein is the corps of a local parish vicar, ...

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Science

$2.7 million NIH grant to fund first comprehensive syphilis test

UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — In the United States, syphilis cases rose by nearly 80% between 2018 and 2023, with 209,253 cases reported in the latest year of data. The infection, which can be transmitted sexually or passed from mother to infant during birth, is curable but only if diagnosed quickly. Left untreated, syphilis can progress from painless lesions to brain and cardiovascular damage. Despite the first recorded outbreak of syphilis occurring more than 500 years ago — with some researchers theorizing that it has plagued humans for thousands of years — there still isn’t a way to quickly and reliably test for active ...

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Exposure to extreme heat and cold temperature is leading to additional preventable deaths, new 19-year study suggests

Urgent action must be taken to reduce the ever-rising number of people killed by extreme temperatures in India, say the authors of a new 19-year study which found that 20,000 people died from heatstroke in the last two decades. Cold exposure claimed another 15,000 lives. Findings published today in the peer-reviewed journal Temperature, also revealed that deaths from heatstroke are more common in men of working age and identified the states that are hotspots for deaths from heatstroke and from hypothermia and other conditions fuelled by the cold. There is an upward moving, increasing trend ...

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Science

New ASU-Science prize recognizing research focused on societal impact open for submissions

A partnership announced in January between the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and Arizona State University (ASU) includes a new prize for early-career scientists whose research focuses on societal impact. As of 1 May, this prize, developed with AAAS’s flagship peer-reviewed journal, Science, is open for submissions. The ASU-Science Prize for Transformational Research will be awarded to a researcher who uses new methods to identify problems and produce findings with impacts ...

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Science

North American birds are disappearing fastest where they are most abundant

North American bird populations are shrinking most rapidly in the very areas where they are still most abundant, according to a new study leveraging citizen science data for nearly 500 bird species. The findings reveal both urgent threats and potential opportunities for targeted conservation and recovery. Bird populations are experiencing steep declines globally, with North America losing more than 25% of all breeding birds since 1970. While long-term monitoring has revealed these troubling trends, effective conservation requires knowing where populations are declining most. However, this goal has been limited by the ...

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