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THE ORIGINAL COLLECTION · SINCE 2010

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Intelligent engineering: AI transforms spatial arrangement of hydropower underground facilities
Technology

Intelligent engineering: AI transforms spatial arrangement of hydropower underground facilities

Designing the spatial arrangement of underground powerhouses involves numerous complex parameters and boundaries, requiring frequent reference to various cases and specifications. Traditional methods struggle to efficiently retrieve this information, leading to suboptimal designs and extended project timelines. Due to these challenges, there is a pressing need for a more intelligent and efficient approach to streamline the design process, enhance accuracy, and improve project management in hydropower engineering. Researchers from Tianjin University, in collaboration with PowerChina Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited and other ...

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NUS researchers develop new battery-free technology to power electronic devices using ambient radiofrequency signals

Ubiquitous wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 5G rely on radio frequency (RF) signals to send and receive data. A new prototype of an energy harvesting module – developed by a team led by scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) – can now convert ambient or ‘waste’ RF signals into direct current (DC) voltage. This can be used to power small electronic devices without the use of batteries. RF energy harvesting technologies, such as this, is essential as they reduce battery dependency, extend device lifetimes, minimise environmental impact, and enhance the feasibility of wireless sensor networks and IoT devices in remote ...

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Experts outline considerations to deploy AI in radiology

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools can play a key role in medical imaging if radiologists trust in their design, deploy them with adequate training and establish clear guidelines regarding clinical accountability, according to a recently published Special Report in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, a journal of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). RSNA and the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) Society have led a series of joint panels and seminars focused on the present impact and future directions of AI in radiology. These conversations ...

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Toward a quantum electron microscope: a compact pulse hollow cone hybrid TEM/SEM by CityUHK to revolutionize electron microscopy
Technology

Toward a quantum electron microscope: a compact pulse hollow cone hybrid TEM/SEM by CityUHK to revolutionize electron microscopy

Electron microscopes have long been indispensable tools in scientific research, offering unparalleled resolution and magnification capabilities. However, current electron microscopy technologies face significant limitations, including high cost, large size, strong radiation damage to samples through interaction with the electron beam, and the need for cryogenic temperatures. A research team from City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK) is working on a new quantum electron microscope (QEM) to eliminate interaction between the electron beam and sample. At this stage, the team is using partial key components of QEM ...

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From trash to treasure: machine learning enhances organic waste recycling
Technology

From trash to treasure: machine learning enhances organic waste recycling

Biological treatment methods such as anaerobic digestion, composting, and insect farming are essential for managing organic waste, converting it into valuable resources like biogas and organic fertilizers. However, these processes often face challenges due to their inherent complexity and instability, which can affect efficiency and product quality. Traditional control strategies have limited success in addressing these issues. Therefore, advanced methods like machine learning (ML) are being explored to enhance prediction, optimization, and monitoring of these biological treatments, aiming to improve overall performance and sustainability. A research team from Tongji University ...

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Technology

Guideline on management of central airway obstruction released by CHEST

Glenview, Illinois – The American College of Chest Physicians® (CHEST) recently released a new clinical guideline on central airway obstruction (CAO). Published in the journal CHEST®, the guideline contains 12 evidence-based recommendations to guide the management of both malignant and nonmalignant CAO. “Central airway obstruction is associated with a poor prognosis, and the management of CAO is highly variable dependent on the provider expertise and local resources. By releasing this guideline, the panel hopes to standardize the definition ...

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Generative AI tools like Pix2Pix–BicycleGAN are revolutionizing landscape design by enhancing masterplan generation and rendering
Technology

Generative AI tools like Pix2Pix–BicycleGAN are revolutionizing landscape design by enhancing masterplan generation and rendering

In recent years, the rapid development and enhancement of image generation technologies and mapping tools driven by generative artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted the traditional landscape design industry. Thus, it is pressing for landscape architects to delineate the relationship between image generation and landscape design and explore potential opportunities of practice and research. Research on masterplan generation primarily focuses on “image-to-image” generative adversarial network (GAN). The application of these tools has developed from the generation of architectural floor ...

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Technology

PNNL scientists tap nation’s fastest computers to explore critical science questions

RICHLAND, Wash.—Researchers at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have been awarded more than 3 million node hours on the nation’s most powerful computers to explore questions around pathogens, climate and energy-efficient microelectronics. Access to the nation’s supercomputers, granted to Margaret Cheung, Daniel Mejia Rodriguez and Po-Lun Ma, is a coveted prize among scientists. The node hours represent an investment of several million dollars in computing time awarded to PNNL scientists to explore important science questions. The awards are among 44 projects awarded through ...

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Researchers leveraging AI to train (robotic) dogs to respond to their masters
Technology

Researchers leveraging AI to train (robotic) dogs to respond to their masters

An international collaboration seeks to innovate the future of how a mechanical man’s best friend interacts with its owner, using a combination of AI and edge computing called edge intelligence. The project is sponsored through a one-year seed grant from the Institute for Future Technologies (IFT), a partnership between New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU). Assistant Professor Kasthuri Jayarajah in NJIT’s Ying Wu College of Computing is researching how to design a socially assistive model ...

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Drawing water from dry air
Technology

Drawing water from dry air

Earth’s atmosphere holds an ocean of water, enough liquid to fill Utah’s Great Salt Lake 800 times. Extracting some of that moisture is seen as a potential way to provide clean drinking water to billions of people globally who face chronic shortages. Existing technologies for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) are saddled with numerous downsides associated with size, cost and efficiency. But new research from University of Utah engineering researchers has yielded insights that could improve efficiencies and bring the world one step closer to tapping the air as a culinary water source in arid places. The study unveils the first-of-its-kind ...

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Combining trapped atoms and photonics for new quantum devices
Technology

Combining trapped atoms and photonics for new quantum devices

Quantum information systems offer faster, more powerful computing methods than standard computers to help solve many of the world’s toughest problems. Yet fulfilling this ultimate promise will require bigger and more interconnected quantum computers than scientists have yet built. Scaling quantum systems up to larger sizes, and connecting multiple systems, has proved challenging. Now, researchers at the University of Chicago’s Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) have discovered how to combine two powerful technologies—trapped atom arrays and photonic devices—to ...

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Sharp temperature reduction for quantum dots in polymer by highly efficient heat dissipation pathways
Technology

Sharp temperature reduction for quantum dots in polymer by highly efficient heat dissipation pathways

A new publication from Opto-Electronic Advances; DOI 10.29026/oea.2024.240036 , discusses sharp temperature reduction for quantum dots in polymer by highly efficient heat dissipation pathways. Quantum dots (QDs), a kind of luminescent nanocrystals featuring size-tunable emission spectra and superior color purity are widely applied in optoelectronic fields. However, these particles are facing luminous efficiency degradation due to their temperature-sensitive characteristic and the high temperature in optoelectronic ...

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On-chip spectrometer with high performance, low power-consumption and simple control logic

A new publication from Opto-Electronic Advances; DOI 10.29026/oea.2024.240099 discusses an on-chip spectrometer with high performance, low power-consumption and simple control logic. The miniaturized spectrometer has emerged as a powerful tool for analytical applications, particularly due to its promising potential in portable settings. These devices are increasingly integral in various sectors, including health monitoring functions on wearables like smartwatches and food quality inspections through smartphones. Traditionally, ...

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Wearable sensors help athletes achieve greater performance
Technology

Wearable sensors help athletes achieve greater performance

WASHINGTON, July 23, 2024 – Today’s athletes are always on the lookout for new techniques and equipment to help them train more effectively. Modern coaches and sports trainers use intelligent data monitoring through videos and wearable sensors to help enhance athletic conditioning. However, traditional video analysis and wearable sensor technologies often fall short when tasked to produce a comprehensive picture of an athlete’s performance. In APL Materials, by AIP Publishing, researchers from Lyuliang University developed ...

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Technology

IMDEA Software creates FIXCHECK, a novel approach that improves automatic software repair by generating test cases revealing defects in 62% of incorrect patches

IMDEA Software researchers Facundo Molina, Juan Manuel Copia and Alessandra Gorla present FIXCHECK, a novel approach to improve patch fix analysis that combines static analysis, randomized testing and large language models. Their innovations, embodied in the paper: "Improving Patch Correctness Analysis via Random Testing and Large Language Models" were presented at the International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST 2024). Context Generating patches that fix software defects is a crucial task in the maintenance of software systems. Typically, software ...

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Technology

Arm robots are not the answer for stroke rehabilitation

Commercial arm robots are increasingly deployed in order to aid stroke patients in their recovery. Around 80% of patients have problems with their arm function. Robots are also seen as a solution for financial, and staffing, shortcomings in the healthcare sector. However, research led by Amsterdam UMC now shows that they offer no clinically meaningful effects for patients. The research is published today in Neurology. "In particular countries such as China, Japan and South Korea, but also in North America and Europe, are UL-Robots seen more ...

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Technology

Development of ‘living robots’ needs regulation and public debate

EMBARGOED: NOT FOR RELEASE UNTIL 8PM UK TIME (3PM EASTERN TIME) ON 22 JULY 2024 Development of ‘living robots’ needs regulation and public debate Bio-hybrid robotics creates unique ethical challenges, say researchers Researchers are calling for regulation to guide the responsible and ethical development of bio-hybrid robotics – a ground-breaking science which fuses artificial components with living tissue and cells. In a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences a multidisciplinary ...

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Technology

More Black Americans die from effects of air pollution

Everyone knows that air pollution is bad for health, but how bad depends a lot on who you are. People of different races and ethnicities, education levels, locations and socioeconomic situations tend to be exposed to different degrees of air pollution. Even at the same exposure levels, people’s ability to cope with its effects — by accessing timely health care, for example — varies. A new study by Stanford Medicine researchers and collaborators, which takes into account both exposure to air pollution and susceptibility to its harms, found that Black Americans are significantly more likely to die from causes related to air pollution, compared ...

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Overground gait training with a wearable robot in children with cerebral palsy

About The Study: In this randomized clinical trial, overground robot-assisted gait training using a wearable robot significantly improved gross motor function and gait pattern. This new torque-assisted wearable exoskeletal robot, based on assist-as-needed control, may complement standard rehabilitation by providing adequate assistance and therapeutic support to children with cerebral palsy. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Min-Keun Song, M.D., Ph.D., email drsongmk@chonnam.ac.kr. To access the embargoed study: Visit our ...

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Technology

Digital games on vaping devices could lure more youth to nicotine addiction

RIVERSIDE, Calif. -- In an “Industry Watch” research paper in the journal Tobacco Control, two scientists at the University of California, Riverside, raise the alarm on new electronic cigarette products equipped with touch screens, animated displays, and built-in games. Because the products are user friendly and attractive to youth, they may couple nicotine addiction with gaming disorder, the researchers caution. Of particular concern to the researchers is that coupling nicotine to existing youth behaviors, such as video gaming and screen time use, could broaden the smart electronic cigarette market to include youth with no prior interest in nicotine products, while ...

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Revolutionizing the abilities of adaptive radar with AI
Technology

Revolutionizing the abilities of adaptive radar with AI

DURHAM, N.C. – The world around us is constantly being flash photographed by adaptive radar systems. From salt flats to mountains and everything in between, adaptive radar is used to detect, locate and track moving objects. Just because human eyes can’t see these ultra-high frequency (UHF) ranges doesn’t mean they’re not taking pictures. Although adaptive radar systems have been around since World War II, they’ve hit a fundamental performance wall in the past couple of decades. But with the help of modern AI approaches and lessons learned from computer vision, researchers at Duke University have broken through that wall, and they want to bring everyone ...

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ETRI breathes digital life into cultural heritage
Technology

ETRI breathes digital life into cultural heritage

South Korean researchers are revitalizing the nation's world-class cultural heritage through digital transformation. By collaborating with museums, they are bringing the rich history and culture of Korea to life using AI-based technology development. Since 2020, the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) and the National Museum of Korea have been working together under a Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism R&D project to develop and demonstrate key technologies for the digital transformation of Korean cultural heritage. The two institutions have been applying ...

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New humidity-driven membrane to remove carbon dioxide from the air

Direct air capture was identified as one of the ‘Seven chemical separations to change the world’. This is because although carbon dioxide is the main contributor to climate change (we release ~40 billion tons into the atmosphere every year), separating carbon dioxide from air is very challenging due to its dilute concentration (~0.04%). Prof Ian Metcalfe, Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies in the School of Engineering, Newcastle University, UK, and lead investigator states, “Dilute ...

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Major computing society endorses efforts to make digital accessibility part of the Americans with Disabilities Act
Technology

Major computing society endorses efforts to make digital accessibility part of the Americans with Disabilities Act

The Association for Computing Machinery’s US Technology Policy Committee (USTPC) has released a Statement in Support of Mandatory Comprehensive Digital Accessibility Regulations. The US Department of Justice recently updated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability, with requirements for the accessibility of web content and mobile applications. The aim of the revision to the ADA is to ensure that services, programs and activities provided by state and local governments online ...

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Social media: How algorithms influence election campaigns
Technology

Social media: How algorithms influence election campaigns

Milano, 18 luglio 2024 – A new study published in the journal PNAS Nexus reveals how social media algorithms favor politically sponsored content from certain parties given the same investment budget. The research, a collaboration between the Politecnico di Milano, LMU – Ludwig Maximilians Universität of Munich, and the CENTAI institute of Turin, analyzed over 80,000 political ads on Facebook and Instagram before the 2021 German federal elections. These ads were placed by parties across the political spectrum and generated over 1.1 billion impressions during an election with more than 60 million eligible voters. Investigating ...

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