To the point Mammals vs birds: Among the 1,176 species studied, female mammals live on average 13 percent longer than males, while among birds, males live about five percent longer than females. Mating strategies play a role: In species with strong competition for mates – as is the case with most mammals – males die earlier. In monogamous species, such as many birds, males often live longer. Findings from zoos: Sex differences are more pronounced in wild populations than in zoos. This suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the discrepancy in life expectancy. Around the world, women on average live longer than ...

Have you ever forgotten about an upcoming doctor’s appointment—only to be reminded the day before by a text from your doctor’s office? People with legal obligations might also forget about upcoming court dates, but the consequences are more dire than a no-show fee. Across America, missed court dates routinely result in warrants and arrests. In a new study, published in the open-access journal Science Advances, researchers at NYU, Harvard, and Stanford created software that sent text messages to clients of public defenders in California, reminding them of upcoming court dates. They found that reminders significantly ...

New Haven, Conn. — Our solar system is a smashing success. A new study suggests that from its earliest period — even before the last of its nebular gas had been consumed — Earth’s solar system and its planets looked more like a bin of well-used LEGO blocks than slowly-evolving spheres of untouched elements and minerals. “Far from being made of pristine material, planets — including Earth — were built from recycled fragments of shattered and rebuilt bodies,” said Damanveer Singh Grewal, an assistant professor of Earth and planetary science in Yale’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences and first author of a new study in the journal ...

Wildfire smoke causes more air pollution than current atmospheric models can predict. A new study by researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences explains why by revealing that, under sunlight, wildfire smoke particles act like tiny chemical factories, producing harmful oxidants such as peroxides, a group of highly reactive pollutants contributing to smog and haze. The new study helps explain why field measurements consistently detect ...

A new study, led by researchers at the University of Liverpool, has revealed how pathogenic bacteria construct tiny protein-based compartments, known as Eut microcompartments, which enable them to digest ethanolamine - a nutrient commonly found in the gut. Eut microcompartments are critical for bacterial growth and virulence. Understanding their assembly offers new insight into how bacteria survive and thrive in the gut and could help identify potential targets for antimicrobial therapies. The study, published in Science Advances, ...

In Africa, 150 million people live with hypertension, 54 million with diabetes, and over 40 million battle depression or bipolar disorder. “In Africa, the twin burden of mental illness and cardiometabolic disease is a silent crisis,” says Dr Vivien Chebii, a researcher at the Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB) who was awarded the prestigious Wellcome fellowship.   This dual burden of the diseases is particularly challenging, says Chebii, as one condition may exacerbate the other. Those who live with poor mental health face an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases and vice versa. The Wellcome ...

Immunologist Chrysothemis Brown, MD, PhD, whose research has been shedding light on the development of the early life immune system and its relationship to autoimmunity, allergy, inflammation, and cancer, was among 30 early-career scientists nationwide selected for the 2025 class of Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Freeman Hrabowski Scholars. The prestigious honor supports outstanding basic researchers, including physician-scientists who have strong potential to become leaders in their fields and who have fostered ...

Broad public understanding of scientific discoveries has traditionally been shaped by mainstream media coverage. To better understand the process of communicating academic publications to popular media, a team from Harvard University analyzed 1,155 archaeology papers published in one specialist and six general science journals over six years and the resulting media coverage.   The team found that archaeology journal articles with news releases on EurekAlert!, a news release distribution platform operated by the non-profit American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), were about four times more likely to receive ...

Researchers find different genetic profiles related to two trajectories that autistic children tend to follow. One linked to early diagnosis, and communication difficulties in infancy. The other linked to later diagnosis, increased social and behavioural difficulties in adolescence, and higher rates of conditions like ADHD, depression, and PTSD. An international study led by researchers at the University of Cambridge has discovered that autism diagnosed in early childhood has a different genetic and developmental profile to autism diagnosed from late childhood onwards. The scientists say that ...

CAMBRIDGE, MA -- A diet rich in the amino acid cysteine may have rejuvenating effects in the small intestine, according to a new study from MIT. This amino acid, the researchers discovered, can turn on an immune signaling pathway that helps stem cells to regrow new intestinal tissue. This enhanced regeneration may help to heal injuries from radiation, which often occur in patients undergoing radiation therapy for cancer. The research was conducted in mice, but if future research shows similar results in humans, then delivering elevated quantities of cysteine, ...

Researchers from the Freunberger group at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) have unveiled pivotal insights into the redox chemistry of oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS). While some ROS play essential roles in cell signaling, the particularly harmful singlet oxygen damages cells and degrades batteries. For the first time, the team uncovers a way to tune it. The results, published in Nature, could have broad applications, including in energy storage processes. While “oxidation” sounds oddly similar to “oxygen,” the two words have little in common. Oxidation-reduction—or ...

University of Michigan and Carnegie Mellon University researchers have developed a new tool that makes greener chemistry more accessible.    The tool, described in a study supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and scheduled to publish Oct. 1 in the journal Nature, removes a major barrier to wider adoption of biocatalysis.   Biocatalysts, also called enzymes, are a type of protein that have evolved to perform chemistry that can be complex and incredibly efficient—typically in water and at room temperature—removing the need for toxic or expensive chemical reagents to run reactions. But they are also ...

A new study published in Nature shows that as the global economy more than doubled between 2000 and 2022, it still left billions of people without life’s essentials, while rapidly pushing Earth’s life-supporting systems further beyond safe limits. For the first time, researchers have created an annual global dashboard that tracks 21st century trends in social shortfall and ecological overshoot, and reveals the extent to which wealthy countries drive most of the overshoot while poorer countries bear the brunt of deprivation. The co-authors of the study, ...

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are wearable technologies that track blood sugar in real time and help patients with type 2 diabetes improve blood sugar control. In 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved over-the-counter CGMs for individuals with and without diabetes, but there is limited understanding of how to interpret CGM metrics in individuals who do not have diabetes. Researchers from Mass General Brigham analyzed CGM data from people with diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glycemic control, finding that while CGM metrics in patients with diabetes correlated with hemoglobin ...

A new study by investigators from Mass General Brigham shows that a non-drug, wearable device can help people with substance use disorders (SUD) manage stress, reduce cravings, and lower their risk of relapse in real time. Their results are published in JAMA Psychiatry. "One of the hallmarks of early addiction recovery is poor self-awareness of emotional states," said corresponding author David Eddie, PhD, a Mass General Brigham psychologist at the Recovery Research Institute at Massachusetts General Hospital. "People in recovery can experience a lot of stress, but they often don’t have great awareness of it or proactively ...

About The Study: Approximately 5 million adults are at risk of Medicaid disenrollment due to HR 1’s work requirements. This population, particularly those ages 50 to 64, has high prevalences of chronic and potentially function-limiting conditions. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ashwin K. Chetty, BS, email ashwin.chetty@yale.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jama.2025.16533) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and ...

New research has uncovered a species of hook-toothed lizard that lived about 167 million years ago and has a confusing set of features seen in snakes and geckos—two very distant relatives. One of the oldest relatively complete fossil lizards yet discovered, the Jurassic specimen is described in a study, published today in the journal Nature, from a multinational collaboration between the American Museum of Natural History and scientists in the United Kingdom, including University College London and the National Museums Scotland, France, and South Africa. The ...

About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that a higher cumulative cardiovascular health score from 30 to 40 years of age was associated with markedly lower risks of cardiovascular disease and kidney events in midlife, highlighting the importance of sustained primordial prevention efforts throughout early life. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Hokyou Lee, MD, PhD, email hokyou.lee@yuhs.ac. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2025.3269) Editor’s ...

Scientists at PSI have created a dynamic database for vanadium, an important raw material. This metal has enormous potential for the energy transition. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) can store electricity for longer than the widely used lithium-ion technology. This makes them particularly suitable for storing surplus wind and solar power in large facilities and feeding it back into the grid at a later time. They can therefore serve as energy buffers, stabilising the power grid and ensuring electricity supply even during a dunkelflaute, a period when neither the wind nor the sun are producing enough electricity. The lack of such storage facilities is considered ...

In a new JAMA Viewpoint, Lainie Friedman Ross, MD, PhD, chair of the Department of Health Humanities and Bioethics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, and Mark Navin, PhD, chair of Philosophy at Oakland University, argue that America’s vaccine policy demands a new approach. Their article, “America’s Vaccine Policy Whiplash — Finding the Way Forward,” lays out a practical middle-ground framework: acknowledge shared blame, abandon absolutist tactics that have fueled public backlash, and rebuild trust through smarter, community-based education and outreach. “There’s plenty of blame to go around,” ...

The first stars in the universe formed out of pristine hydrogen and helium clouds, in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang. New James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations reveal that some of the first stars in the universe could have been very different from regular (nuclear fusion-powered) stars, which have been observed and catalogued by astronomers for millennia. A recent study led by Cosmin Ilie, at Colgate University, in collaboration with Shafaat Mahmud (Colgate ’26), Jillian Paulin (Colgate ’23) at UPenn, and Katherine Freese, at The University of Texas at Austin, identifies four ...

Researchers at the University of Vienna have developed fluorescent peptide tracers that can simultaneously visualise and activate the oxytocin receptor. This receptor–also known as the love/bonding hormone receptor–plays a key role in processes related to social behaviour, health and disease. These tracers create new possibilities for imaging and functional analysis in various biological systems–with far-reaching implications for fundamental research as well as for breast cancer diagnostics and therapy. The development of the tracers is described in the current issue of the ...

October 1, 2025—(BRONX, NY)—A study led by researchers at the National Cancer Institute-designated Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center (MECCC) has found that mutations in blood-forming cells may explain the increased risk for leukemia and other blood disorders among first responders exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) disaster site and its toxic dust. The study also points to a novel strategy for use against inflammation and blood disorders associated with environmental toxins. The research was published today in Cancer Discovery, a journal of the ...

Investigators at Weill Cornell Medicine and Cornell’s Ithaca campus have received a $5.1 million, three-year grant from the National Institutes of Health’s Autism Data Science Initiative (ADSI) to launch the Autism Replication, Validation, and Reproducibility (AR²) Center. The center aims to improve the reliability of autism research and foster public trust in the field. “The AR² Center will serve as a scientific quality control hub for the ADSI teams and projects,” said the principal investigator, Dr. Judy Zhong, chief of the Division of Biostatistics in the Department of Population ...

Imagine watching a favorite movie when suddenly the sound stops. The data representing the audio is missing. All that’s left are images. What if artificial intelligence (AI) could analyze each frame of the video and provide the audio automatically based on the pictures, reading lips and noting each time a foot hits the ground? That’s the general concept behind a new AI that fills in missing data about plasma, the fuel of fusion, according to Azarakhsh Jalalvand of Princeton University. Jalalvand is the lead author on a paper ...