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Medicine23 Sep 2024

Positive autism screening rates in toddlers born during the COVID-19 pandemic

About The Study: In this cohort study of 2 groups of children with prenatal pandemic exposure and/or exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, neither exposure was associated with greater Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised positivity. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Dani Dumitriu, MD, PhD, email dani.dumitriu@columbia.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.35005) Editor’s Note: Please ...

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Medicine23 Sep 2024

Historical redlining, contemporary gentrification, and severe maternal morbidity in California

About The Study: The findings from this cross-sectional study demonstrate that the legacies of redlining, intertwined with current dynamics of displacement and gentrification, affect severe maternal morbidity. Place-based sociopolitical mechanisms that inequitably distribute resources may be important intervention points to address structural drivers of adverse pregnancy outcomes and their racial inequities. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Mahasin S. Mujahid, PhD, ...

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Medicine23 Sep 2024

Efficacy of gamified digital mental health interventions for pediatric mental health conditions

About The Study: The findings of this study suggest a benefit of gamified digital mental health interventions for youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depressive disorder. Pediatricians and other health care professionals have new information about novel, accessible, and efficacious options for pediatric mental health care. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Joseph F. McGuire, PhD, email jfmcguire@jhmi.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

Perceived CTE and suicidality in former professional football players

About The Study: This study found that approximately one-third of living former professional football players reported perceived chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Men with perceived CTE had an increased prevalence of suicidality and were more likely to have health problems associated with cognitive impairment compared with men without perceived CTE. Perceived CTE represents a novel risk factor for suicidality and, if present, should motivate the diagnostic assessment and treatment of medical and ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

Study of former NFL players finds 1 in 3 believe they have CTE

KEY TAKEAWAYS Though it is not possible to confirm yet whether a living person has CTE, a team that included Mass General Brigham researchers found that 35% of former NFL players thought they had the diagnosis. Those who thought they had CTE commonly reported cognitive symptoms, as well as low testosterone, depression, pain and other treatable conditions that can cause cognitive problems. Out of a cohort of nearly 2,000 former NFL players, 25% who believed they had CTE reported having frequent suicidal thoughts compared to 5% of players who did not have those beliefs. A new study of nearly 2,000 former ...

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Environment23 Sep 2024

Unlocking the secrets of multispecies hunting

The diving gear is on, the cameras are ready – biologist Eduardo Sampaio and his colleagues are set to go. They dive in the Red Sea, scanning left and right underwater – and wonder: Where can an octopus hunting be found? Finally, they spot one. The team operates the two cameras they have with them, and station many more to collect data. Then, it’s time to wait. Months later, after analyzing more than 100h of film material from dives in Israel, Egypt, and Australia, Eduardo Sampaio is more ...

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Environment23 Sep 2024

Transforming agriculture from carbon source to sink

The food system is one of the most significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions on the planet, making the reduction of emissions in this sector a priority for policymakers around the world. IIASA researchers explored the potential of carbon sequestration on farmland to combat climate change, offering insights into economic effects as well as its climate change mitigation potential. Carbon sequestration on agricultural land refers to the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere in soil and plants on farms. According to the authors of ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

City of Hope research spotlight, September 2024

City of Hope® Research Spotlight features the latest research defining the future of medical treatment. This first roundup highlights a T cell engager that shows promise as a novel treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, findings linking immune aging to thymic involution and a potential way of eliminating myeloma with weak antigen expression. To learn more about research at City of Hope, visit the Research & Innovation page. IL1RAP-Specific T Cell Engager Depletes Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells The novel anti-IL1RAP/CD3 T cell engager (TCE) BIF002 effectively targets and eliminates leukemic stem cells ...

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Medicine23 Sep 2024

20-week ultrasound in pregnancy is a key driver of disparities in prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects

Patients insured by Medicaid are less likely to get prenatal diagnosis of heart defects than those with private insurance, and this disparity can be partly attributed to lower rates of 20-week ultrasound in pregnant people with public insurance, according to a study led by Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago in collaboration with Advocate Christ Children’s Hospital. The study was published in the journal Prenatal Diagnosis. “The 20-week ultrasound is hugely important in detecting birth defects because it involves assessment of the baby’s major organs. All pregnant people must know that ...

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Social Science23 Sep 2024

Educators and parents reveal culture of fear, censorship, and loss of learning opportunities in the wake of Florida policies

How can a teacher discuss Jim Crow laws without breaking state law? Should a librarian stop ordering books with LGBTQ+ characters? A new white paper by UC San Diego and NYU researchers reveals the experiences of K-12 educators and parents in Florida grappling with state policies and policy effects restricting access to instruction, books, courses, clubs, professional development, and basic student supports. Since 2021, Florida has enacted a series of state laws and policies restricting instruction related to race, ...

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Energy23 Sep 2024

Energy inefficiency and inability to downsize pose even bigger threat to low-income pensioners than loss of Winter Fuel Payments, Cambridge study suggests

The UK Government’s policy to scrap Winter Fuel Payments could disproportionately affect low-income pensioners in England, new analysis suggests. But the same study argues that the energy inefficiency of homes and challenges involved in downsizing will have an even more harmful effect this winter. The study, published in Energy Research and Social Science, was completed shortly before the Winter Fuel Payment vote was taken, by researchers from the University of Cambridge and Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). The researchers raise particular concerns about the impact of the policy on pensioners with annual incomes of between ...

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Medicine23 Sep 2024

Innovative model provides valuable insights into prostate cancer spread

A new preclinical model using CRISPR, an advanced technology that allows scientists to cut and edit genes, has given Weill Cornell Medicine researchers and their colleagues a deeper insight into how prostate cancer spreads or metastasizes. In the study, published Sept. 23 in Cancer Discovery, scientists charted the complicated routes prostate cancer metastatic cells take as they travel through the body. “Using virtual maps, we can reveal the hidden highways of metastases, one day guiding us towards novel therapies that could act as roadblocks for cancer,” ...

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Medicine23 Sep 2024

NIH awards $27M to establish new network of genomics-enabled learning health systems

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is awarding $5.4 million in first-year funding to establish a new program that supports the integration of genomics into learning health systems. Present in many hospitals across the United States, learning health systems are a type of clinical practice that bridges research and patient care. These systems use a variety of methods to continually analyze patient data. Clinicians then use the results of those analyses to refine practices and improve future care. The new Genomics-enabled Learning Health System (gLHS) Network aims ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

People prefer to work with higher-paid colleagues

When given the choice, people prefer to collaborate on work projects with higher-paid colleagues, but they want to hire subordinates with a lower pay history than theirs, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. The research, published in the journal American Psychologist, aimed to explore how a trend toward increasing pay transparency in the business world may affect workers’ behavior. “I've long been interested in the ways in which slight -- and not-so-slight -- differences in salaries can generate strong ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

Deeper corals may help shallow reefs recover in the Florida keys

Since the 1970s, coral reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) have experienced catastrophic declines in coral cover, with as much as a 50% reduction between 1998 and 2011 alone. Although coral reefs within the FKNMS have been heavily studied, research in the mesophotic zone, which extends from about 100 to 500 feet deep, has historically been more limited in this region. Mesophotic coral ecosystems have the potential to be buffered from anthropogenic stressors due to their depth and/or relative isolation from ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

Why saying you’ll ‘never retire’ may be a warning sign

COLUMBUS, Ohio – Americans who say they expect to “never retire” are more likely than others to score low on a measure of financial knowledge, a new study shows. In a national survey, 20% of those who missed all three financial knowledge questions said they expected they would never retire, compared to 12% who answered all questions correctly, who said they’d likely work well past retirement age. The study also found that those who were overconfident in their financial knowledge (and those whose low levels of confidence ...

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Environment23 Sep 2024

Study reveals high rates of seafood mislabeling and ambiguous market names in Calgary, Alberta, highlighting species of conservation concern

A new peer-reviewed study published in PeerJ Life and Environment has uncovered alarming levels of seafood mislabeling and the use of ambiguous market names in Calgary's seafood market, often concealing species of conservation concern. This research marks the first Canadian study to investigate both invertebrate and finfish mislabeling and the implications of unclear market names. The study, titled "Mislabeled and Ambiguous Market Names in Invertebrate and Finfish Seafood Conceal Species of Conservation ...

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Medicine23 Sep 2024

COVID-19 hits older adults hardest; which ones want the updated vaccine?

The newly updated COVID-19 vaccine just arrived in pharmacies and clinics nationwide, and a new poll suggests nearly half of people age 50 and older plan to get it. But some older adults with high risk of severe illness appear unlikely to seek the vaccine, and interest varies widely by age group, education level, race and ethnicity, and other factors, the poll shows. In all, 45% of people age 50 and older say they’re likely to get the updated vaccine, according to the new findings from the University of Michigan’s National Poll on Healthy Aging. The data come from polling done in August 2024, just before the new vaccine was released but ...

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Medicine23 Sep 2024

Mental health issues are a common phenomenon in elite sport

Nearly three-quarters of Dutch elite athletes and forty percent of their coaches report sport-related distress. This is one of the findings from a study conducted by Amsterdam UMC together with NOC*NSF, the organisation which represents the Dutch Olympic Committee and the Dutch Sport Federation, published today in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. The most common mental health problem among athletes and coaches is report sport-related distress (73% and 41%, respectively). Unfavorable alcohol consumption that can negatively affect sports performance is also common (52% and 53%). In athletes, ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

New insights into intellectual disability genetics emerge at Mount Sinai

New York City (Sep 24, 2024) – Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have published a pivotal study in Nature Genetics (DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01917-1) that sheds light on a novel genetic variant associated with intellectual capacities and educational outcomes. This discovery offers new insights into intellectual disability diagnostics and potential therapeutic avenues. The study reveals the significant impact of tandem repeats—sequences of DNA where a pattern of nucleotides is repeated multiple times in a head-to-tail manner on a chromosome—on intellectual functioning. "The ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

Older people are more swayed by the impulsive actions of others when making financial decisions – new study reveals

Older people are more likely to be influenced by the impulsive financial preferences of others than their younger counterparts, according to a new study. Research lead by psychologists at the University of Birmingham and the University of Oxford published today in Communications Psychology, reveals that people aged 60 and over are more prone to being influenced by other people when it comes to making impulsive financial decisions compared to young adults aged between 18 -36. The study set out to explore delayed gratification and how our willingness to wait and social influence develop and differ across our lifespan. To test how age ...

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Environment23 Sep 2024

Leading scientists redefine ‘sustainability’ to save the ocean and feed a hungry and warming planet

Top ocean experts have published a report that redefines the concept of “sustainable fishing” and proposes 11 “golden rules” that radically challenge the flawed approach that currently prevails in fisheries management. Published a week before Brussels’ Ocean Week, and a few months before the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, the rules have been devised to put an end to the ongoing destruction of the oceans caused by fishing, and ensure the renewal of abundant fish populations to feed future generations. They come at a time when scientists have drastically downgraded their assessment of the ocean’s health status. The rules ...

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Science23 Sep 2024

Experts discover the deadly genetics of cholera, which could be key to its prevention

Experts have used a cutting-edge computational approach to discover the genetic factors that make the bacteria behind cholera so dangerous - which could be key to preventing this deadly disease. The breakthrough study, published in Nature Communications, is led by Professor Tania Dottorini from the University of Nottingham, in collaboration with Bangladesh’s Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and North South University. The innovative research combines machine learning, genomics, genome-scale metabolic modelling (GSMM), and 3D ...

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Environment23 Sep 2024

How remarkable diversity in heat tolerance can help protect coral reefs

New research out of Southern Cross University has found previously undocumented variation in coral heat tolerance on Australia's Great Barrier Reef, giving hope that corals’ own genetic resources may hold the key for us to help in its recovery and adaptation. In a study to be published (at 10am BST, Mon Sept 23, 2024) in Communications Earth and Environment, researchers measured the bleaching thresholds of more than 500 colonies of the table coral, Acropora hyacinthus, using a portable experimental system that was used at sea at 17 reefs spanning the Great Barrier Reef. The study was led by Southern Cross University PhD candidate Melissa ...

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Medicine23 Sep 2024

Most new recessive developmental disorder diagnoses lie within known genes

Scientists have conducted the largest and most diverse study to date on how recessive genetic changes contribute to developmental disorders1. They found that most undiagnosed cases that are due to recessive causes are linked to genes we already know about, and suggest a shift in research focus could improve diagnosis rates. Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and their collaborators at GeneDx analysed genetic data from nearly 30,000 families affected by developmental disorders – six times more families with greater diversity in ancestral ...

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