Science
press releases.

Science4 Sep 2024

Generation and multiplexing of double-polarized terahertz vortex combs

Introduction As a new degree of freedom, the orbital angular momentum of electromagnetic waves exceeds the traditional frequency, phase, and amplitude, and is expected to promote the infinite expansion of channel capacity. Recently, a team of research professor Chao-Hai Du from Peking University and Professor Xiaofei Zang's research group from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology have carried out in-depth cooperation. Based on the research foundation of both sides in the field of terahertz and metasurface, a new method of generating polarization-multiplexed terahertz vortex combs using all-silicon metasurface has been ...

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Science4 Sep 2024

Illinois scientists to test modernized genetic model for optimized crop breeding

URBANA, Ill. — The National Science Foundation (NSF) has funded University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign research that aims to connect the dots between quantitative and molecular genetics and improve crop breeding. The four-year, $795,000 grant investigates new theories on how genetics influence complex crop traits, such as yield or grain quality. These traits are controlled by lots of different genes — sometimes hundreds or thousands — which makes untangling their contributions difficult. Crop breeders use a host of advanced genetic tools to predict and ...

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Science4 Sep 2024

Adolescent glioma subtype responds to CDK4/6 inhibitor

Boston – CDK4/6 inhibitors, which are already FDA approved for the treatment of other forms of cancer, show early signs of promise in the treatment of a subtype of pediatric high-grade glioma, according to new research from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Institute of Cancer Research in London. Treatment of a patient with a second relapse of this glioma subtype and no other treatment options resulted in 18 months of progression-free survival. “We are finally starting to see more targeted therapies come out for different forms of brain cancer,” says senior author Mariella Filbin, MD, PhD, co-director ...

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Science4 Sep 2024

Ability to cope well with adversity in older age linked to lower death risk

The ability to cope well with, and adapt to, challenging life circumstances and events in older age is linked to a lower risk of death, suggests a large nationally representative study, published in the open access journal BMJ Mental Health. The findings underscore the importance of efforts to bolster mental resilience, conclude the researchers. The available evidence suggests that mental resilience is a dynamic and active process influenced by various factors, including sex, hormones, and the genes regulating ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Applications open for ISSCR Lawrence Goldstein Science Policy Fellowship

The ISSCR is accepting applications through 25 October 2024 for the next class of Lawrence Goldstein Science Policy Fellows. The three-year program offers fellows advocacy and public policy training, the opportunity to participate in ISSCR advocacy events, engagement with leaders in the field, and an ex officio seat on ISSCR’s Public Policy Committee. Goldstein Policy Fellows also have the opportunity to: Attend ISSCR’s Congressional Advocacy Day in Washington D.C. or a policy- related event in another region of the world. Participate in regularly scheduled Public Policy Committee meetings. Assist the committee and ISSCR policy staff with projects and programs. Contribute ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

NFL PLAY 60 and the Nation of Lifesavers programs kickoff for 2024 season

DALLAS, Sept. 3, 2024 — Today at Three Trails Elementary School in Independence, Mo. the American Heart Association, the Kansas City Chiefs and the National Football League (NFL) kicked off two programs rooted in proven American Heart Association science in advance of the 2024 NFL season kickoff. NFL PLAY 60™ supports students’ mental and physical health reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity are key to immediate and long-term health ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Re-creations of 1870s railway photos reveal profound change to Kansas, Colorado plains

LAWRENCE — A fascinating new book chronicling transformation on the plains of Kansas and western Colorado uses repeat photography — contemporary re-creations of 1870s photos — to reveal startling changes to the landscape. Its author isn’t just a photographer and veteran of years of “Kansas-ing” — his term for searching off-the-beaten-path curiosities across the Sunflower State — but also a University Distinguished Professor of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

ESMO Congress 2024

Lugano, Switzerland, 3 September 2024 – The ESMO Congress 2024 will take place from September 13-17 in Barcelona, bringing together participants from all over the world. Press representatives eager to grasp cutting-edge data and hearing expert perspectives on the latest research, as well as on the current and emerging hot topics in oncology, are invited to attend the event, which will be held both onsite and remotely. The full congress program is available online to help press representatives browse regular and late-breaking abstract ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Prestigious NSF award to advance UK research to track emerging pathogens

We all have lived through a pandemic, its uncertainties, challenges, losses and scientific breakthroughs. A prestigious award from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) is advancing the work of a team of researchers at the University of Kentucky to help society be better prepared for potential future pandemics. Scott Berry, Ph.D., an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering in the UK Stanley and Karen Pigman College of Engineering, is the principal investigator ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Guidelines to steer the future of autonomous trucking

After four years, a guidebook for the future of autonomous trucking has driven across the finish line. In 2020, the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) and 17 partners were awarded a $7.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation to develop a concept of operations. The final report, published in July, includes best practices for the implementation of automated driving systems (ADS) in large trucks and policy issues for fleets to consider across eight topic areas. “We’re excited that the Federal Motor Carrier ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

From cavities to sleep apnea: dentists can assume new role in saving lives

A patient dozes off in a dental chair despite the anxiety of an impending procedure. A seemingly unremarkable act but — for dentists versed in the latest sleep research — this red flag hints at a life-threatening condition. In a research review published in the Journal of the American Dental Association, Rutgers Health researchers identified dentists as an unexpected player in the battle against life-threatening sleep disorders. The review suggests dental professionals have unique opportunities to screen for conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, a disorder that affects millions of Americans and is linked to serious health risks, including cardiovascular ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Keep devices out of bed for better sleep – Otago study

Despite what we’ve been led to believe, the timing of evening screen use, rather than the activity itself, negatively impacts youth sleep, a University of Otago study has found. Current sleep guidelines recommend no screen use in the hour or two before bed. However, the researchers found screen time in the two hours before bed had little impact on youth sleep, it was screen time once in bed that caused problems. Lead author Dr Bradley Brosnan, of the Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research Centre, says screen time is a mainstay in adolescents’ bedtime routines, and sleep guidelines need to be revaluated to better reflect modern life. Published in JAMA Pediatrics, ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Think simpler, flow faster

Analyzing and simulating fluid flow is a challenging mathematical problem that impacts various scenarios, including video game engines, ocean current modeling and hurricane forecasting. The core of this challenge lies in solving the Navier–Stokes equations, a set of classical equations that describe fluid dynamics. Recently, deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool to accelerate equation solving. Using this technique, a team designed a novel approach that can provide accurate solutions 1,000 times faster than traditional equation solvers. The team’s study was published June 26 in Intelligent ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

GLP-1 receptor agonist use and risk of suicide death

About The Study: This cohort study, including mostly patients with type 2 diabetes, does not show an association between use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and an increased risk of suicide death, self-harm, or incident depression and anxiety-related disorders. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Peter Ueda, MD, PhD, email peter.ueda@ki.se. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.4369) Editor’s ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

One minute to save lives: Teaming up with pediatricians to secure firearms

Large study included 47,307 well-child visits at 30 clinics in Michigan and Colorado Almost 50% of clinicians receiving a prompt plus added support delivered a secure firearm storage program during well visits versus just 22% of doctors receiving prompt only Firearm-related injuries are the leading cause of death for young people in the U.S. ‘We can save lives’ with a brief program to support parents in secure storage CHICAGO --- If it takes a pediatrician less than one minute per visit to talk to parents about how to securely store their firearms and offer a free cable lock, why do only 2% of doctors report routinely doing so? Turns out, they ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Thousands of jellyfish clones are multiplying in B.C. lakes

An invasive, freshwater jellyfish is popping up in B.C. waters in the thousands and future sightings could increase rapidly, according to UBC research. The peach blossom jellyfish clones have been spotted in 34 places in B.C., its furthest northern range in North America, and a recent paper predicts sightings and the number of locations will increase by the end of the decade as climate change extends this range. Dr. Florian Lüskow, who completed the research during his postdoctoral fellowship ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Vision-based ChatGPT shows deficits interpreting radiologic images

OAK BROOK, Ill. – Researchers evaluating the performance of ChatGPT-4 Vision found that the model performed well on text-based radiology exam questions but struggled to answer image-related questions accurately. The study’s results were published today in Radiology, a journal of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). Chat GPT-4 Vision is the first version of the large language model that can interpret both text and images. “ChatGPT-4 has shown promise for assisting radiologists in tasks such as simplifying patient-facing radiology reports and identifying ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Minimal ADHD risk from prenatal cannabis use new study reveals

A new study reveals nuanced findings on the neuropsychiatric risks of prenatal cannabis exposure. The research found a slight increase in the risk of ADHD and a heightened vulnerability to cannabis use in offspring. These results highlight the need for continued caution and further investigation into the long-term effects of cannabis use during pregnancy. A new study led by Prof. Ilan Matok and Hely Bassalov PharmD from the Department of Clinical Pharmacy at the School of Pharmacy in the Faculty of Medicine at Hebrew University in collaboration ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Study suggests gun-free zones do not attract mass shootings

Gun-free zones have often been blamed for making schools, malls and other public areas more attractive to shooters; however, there have been no quantitative studies examining those claims. Now, in a first of its kind study published in The Lancet Regional Health Americas, researchers at UC Davis Health and other institutions have shown that gun-free zones may, in fact, reduce the risk of mass shootings. "Our most significant finding is that gun-free zones don't attract active shooters,” said the study’s first author, Paul Reeping, ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Mathematicians model a puzzling breakdown in cooperative behaviour

Darwin was puzzled by cooperation in nature—it ran directly against natural selection and the notion of survival of the fittest. But over the past decades, evolutionary mathematicians have used game theory to better understand why mutual cooperation persists when evolution should favour self-serving cheaters. At a basic level, cooperation flourishes when the costs to cooperation are low or the benefits large. When cooperation becomes too costly, it disappears—at least in the realm of pure mathematics. ...

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Science3 Sep 2024

Large sharks may be hunting each other – and scientists know because of a swallowed tracking tag

Who killed the pregnant porbeagle? In a marine science version of the game Cluedo, researchers from the US have now accused a larger shark, with its deciduous triangular teeth, in the open sea southwest of Bermuda. This scientific whodunnit is published in Frontiers in Marine Science. “This is the first documented predation event of a porbeagle shark anywhere in the world,” said lead author Dr Brooke Anderson, a former graduate student at Arizona State University. “In one event, the population not only lost a reproductive female that could contribute to population growth, but it also lost all her developing ...

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Science2 Sep 2024

False-positive mammography result may discourage women from subsequent screening

Embargoed for release until 5:00 p.m. ET on Monday 2 September 2024 Annals of Internal Medicine Tip Sheet @Annalsofim Below please find summaries of new articles that will be published in the next issue of Annals of Internal Medicine. The summaries are not intended to substitute for the full articles as a source of information. This information is under strict embargo and by taking it into possession, media representatives are committing to the terms of the embargo not only on their own behalf, but also on behalf of the organization they represent. ---------------------------- 1. ...

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Science2 Sep 2024

False-positive mammograms discourage some women from future screenings

Early detection of breast cancer through mammography screening continues to save lives. However, abnormal findings on mammograms can lead to women being recalled for additional imaging and biopsies, many of which turn out to be “false positives,” meaning they do not result in a cancer diagnosis. False positives can also have financial implications for patients and cause significant emotional anxiety. A major, new study led by the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center has found that women who received a false-positive result that required additional imaging or biopsy were less likely to return ...

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Science2 Sep 2024

The nervous system’s matchmaker

When you ask a rideshare app to find you a car, the company’s computers get to work. They know you want to reach your destination quickly. They know you’re not the only user who needs a ride. And they know drivers want to minimize idle time by picking up someone nearby. The computer’s job, says Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Associate Professor Saket Navlakha, is to pair drivers with riders in a way that maximizes everyone’s happiness. Computer scientists like Navlakha call this bipartite matching. It’s the same task handled by systems pairing organ donors with transplant candidates, medical students with residency ...

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Science2 Sep 2024

KIMM develops wheel that alters stiffness in real time based on situation

A new technology for wheels and mobile systems, necessary for overcoming various obstacles in daily life such as stairs or rocks by adjusting the stiffness of the wheel in real time, has been developed for the first time in the world. This noble technology is anticipated to find wide applications in various moving vehicles equipped with wheels, where overcoming terrain obstacles is essential. The Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (President Seog-Hyeon Ryu, hereinafter referred to as KIMM), an institute under the jurisdiction of the ...

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