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Technology

'A more versatile and powerful foundation for future photonic technologies'

The candidate pool for engineered materials that can help enable tomorrow's cutting-edge optical technologies—such as lasers, detectors and imaging devices—is much deeper than previously believed. That's according to new research from the University of Michigan that examined a class of materials known as topological insulators. These materials have exciting and tunable properties when it comes to how they transit energy and information. "We see this as a step toward building a more versatile and ...

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Technology

Organ-chips may help unlock the mystery of ALS

Using stem cells from patients with ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), Cedars-Sinai has created a lifelike model of the mysterious and fatal disease that could help identify a cause of the illness as well as effective treatments. In a study published in the peer-reviewed journal Cell Stem Cell, investigators detail how they created “ALS on a chip” and the clues the specialized laboratory chip has already produced about nongenetic causes of the disease, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. The work builds ...

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Technology

AI shortens the development time of new materials

Time-consuming testing and computer simulations are bottlenecks in the design of new materials. A thesis from the University of Gothenburg aims to develop an AI model that can efficiently determine the durability and strength of woven composite materials. Whether it is a floorball stick or a wind turbine blade to be constructed - often different composite materials are used. Composite means mixing several different materials, e.g., carbon fiber and polymers, to achieve the desired balance between different properties such as weight, durability and flexibility of the product. However, designing ...

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Technology

The research team led by Professor Jichuan Kang has elucidated the regulatory mechanism of AICAR biosynthesis in endophytic Fusarium solani.

1. Prediction of key genes in the AICAR biosynthetic pathway of endophytic Fusarium solani Previous study showed that overexpression of the global regulator VeA mediated a significant increase in the antitumor activity of F. solani, with a marked enrichment of differential metabolites including AICAR. To elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanism by which veAOE14 contributed to the increased synthesis of AICAR, we obtained the predicted synthetic pathway of AICAR in F. solani by analyzing the veAOE14 transcriptome and metabolome data, with a total of 10 steps in the major synthetic reactions. Based on the previous findings and predicted ...

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Technology

Coupled electrons and phonons predicted to flow like water in 2D semiconductors

(Santa Barbara, Calif.) — A condition long considered to be unfavorable to electrical conduction in semiconductor materials may actually be beneficial in 2D semiconductors, according to new findings by UC Santa Barbara researchers published in the journal Physical Review Letters. Electron-phonon interactions — collisions between charge-carrying electrons and heat-carrying vibrations in the atomic lattice of the material — are considered the primary cause of electrons slowing down as they travel through semiconductor material. But according to UCSB mechanical engineers Bolin Liao and Yujie Quan, when electrons ...

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Technology

AI development: seeking consistency in logical structures

A new perspective on the future development of artificial intelligence (AI) has been put forward by researchers Li Guo and Jinghai Li in their article titled “The Development of Artificial Intelligence: Toward Consistency in the Logical Structures of Datasets, AI Models, Model Building, and Hardware?” published in Engineering. The authors argue that while current AI systems have made significant strides in handling the statistical properties of complex systems, they still face challenges in effectively processing and fully representing the spatiotemporal complexity patterns of these systems. The paper begins by highlighting the global interest in AI and its potential ...

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Technology

Virtual reality could help stroke survivors regain movement

A Cochrane review has found that virtual reality (VR), when used in addition to standard therapy, can help stroke survivors regain arm movement. The findings suggests that VR could be a promising tool to boost rehabilitation efforts, particularly by increasing the amount of therapy patients receive. Published today, this is the fourth update of a Cochrane review first released in 2011, and now includes data from 190 trials involving 7,188 participants – with 119 new studies added since the previous version in 2017. The review assessed a wide range of VR technologies, ...

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Technology

UBC scientists propose blueprint for 'universal translator' in quantum networks

UBC researchers are proposing a solution to a key hurdle in quantum networking: a device that can “translate” microwave to optical signals and vice versa. The technology could serve as a universal translator for quantum computers—enabling them to talk to each other over long distances and converting up to 95 per cent of a signal with virtually no noise. And it all fits on a silicon chip, the same material found in everyday computers. "It's like finding a translator that gets nearly every word right, keeps ...

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Technology

Some of your AI prompts could cause 50 times more CO2 emissions than others

No matter which questions we ask an AI, the model will come up with an answer. To produce this information – regardless of whether than answer is correct or not – the model uses tokens. Tokens are words or parts of words that are converted into a string of numbers that can be processed by the LLM. This conversion, as well as other computing processes, produce CO2 emissions. Many users, however, are unaware of the substantial carbon footprint associated with these technologies. Now, researchers in Germany measured and compared CO2 emissions of different, already trained, LLMs using a set of standardized questions. “The environmental ...

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Technology

Scientists use AI to make green ammonia even greener

Scientists and engineers at UNSW Sydney, who previously developed a method for making green ammonia, have now turned to artificial intelligence and machine learning to make the process even more efficient. Ammonia, a nitrogen-rich substance found in fertiliser, is often credited with saving much of the world from famine in the 20th century. But its benefit to humankind has come at a cost, with one of the largest carbon footprints of all industrial processes. To produce it, industrial plants need temperatures of more than 400°C and extremely high pressures – more than 200 times normal atmospheric pressure. Such energy-intensive requirements have made ammonia production ...

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Technology

Consensus statement on universal chemosensory testing calls for better standardization, infrastructure, and education in the field

For immediate release Contact: Karen Kreeger, kkreeger@monell.org PHILADELPHIA (June 13, 2025) — To better understand the current barriers to including chemosensory testing as a regular part of healthcare, the conference Towards Universal Chemosensory Testing (TUCT) was convened November 5-7, 2023, in Philadelphia, bringing together scientists, clinicians, patients, and other experts for the first time. From that meeting, a new white paper, published recently in Chemical Senses, ...

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Technology

Better images for humans and computers

In brief: Taking better photos with less light: that is the promise of a new perovskite image sensor developed by researchers at ETH Zurich and Empa. The new sensor is more light-sensitive, reproduces colours more accurately and offers significantly higher resolution than conventional silicon sensors. In addition to digital cameras, the perovskite sensor is particularly well suited for medical analysis or for automated monitoring of the environment and agriculture. Image sensors are built into every smartphone and every ...

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Technology

Miniaturized quantum magnetometer offers new measurement possibilities for a wide range of applications

The highly integrated vector magnetometer developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF is based on nitrogen vacancies (NV) in diamond and provides access to the smallest magnetic fields with a previously unattainable degree of flexibility and precision. The miniaturized measuring system offers completely new possibilities in applications that require precise measurement with minimal interference, such as in biochemical measurements of nerve pathways or in microelectronics. “What makes the diamond-based NV vector magnetometer so special is its native and intuitive functionality, which enables it to precisely measure the vector components ...

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Technology

Hyperspectral sensor pushes weed science a wave further

FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. — By combining artificial intelligence and sensors that can see beyond visible light, Arkansas researchers have developed a system that exceeds human discernment when it comes to measuring herbicide-induced stress in plants. Scientists with the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, the research arm of the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, recently published a study in Smart Agricultural Technology providing proof-of-concept that hyperspectral sensors ...

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Technology

Digital inhalers may detect early warning signs of COPD flare-ups

Miami (June 17, 2025) – Digital inhalers may help predict impending acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to a new study. The study is published in the May 2025 issue of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: Journal of the COPD Foundation, a peer-reviewed, open-access journal. COPD is an inflammatory lung disease, comprising several conditions, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and can be caused by genetics and irritants like smoke or pollution. The disease affects more than 30 million Americans and is the fourth leading ...

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Technology

Teaching robots to build without blueprints

Bees, ants and termites don’t need blueprints. They may have queens, but none of these species breed architects or construction managers. Each insect worker, or drone, simply responds to cues like warmth or the presence or absence of building material. Unlike human manufacturing, the grand design emerges simply from the collective action of the drones — no central planning required. Now, researchers at Penn Engineering have developed mathematical rules that allow virtual swarms of tiny robots to do the same. In computer simulations, the robots built honeycomb-like structures without ever following — or even being able to comprehend — ...

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Technology

Negative perception of scientists working on AI

A public survey indicates that Americans have negative opinions of scientists who work on AI. Dror Walter and colleagues collected opinions about scientists from thousands of US adults via the Annenberg Science and Public Health survey and compared the perceived credibility, prudence, unbiasedness, self-correction, and benefit of scientists working on AI with those of scientists in general and climate scientists in particular. Previous work has established that high scores on these dimensions predict support for science ...

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Technology

A revolution for R&D with the missing link of machine learning — project envisions human-AI expert teams to solve grand challenges

The founding director of the institute, Aalto University professor Samuel Kaski has received the European Research Council Advanced Grant to develop new types of machine learning. Many popular and widely available AI tools appear to be extremely versatile and agile, but there is still a hole in the underlying machine learning, argues Kaski. "The basic tenet of machine learning is to apply a model trained on a learning data set. But that only works if the set is representative of the deployment setting — and that seldom holds, because life happens. Unexpected factors, statistically speaking covariates ...

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Technology

New material behavior to improve speed and efficiency of technology

MINNEAPOLIS / ST. PAUL (06/16/2024) — In a new study, researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities discovered surprising magnetic behavior in one of the thinnest metallic oxide materials ever made. This could pave the way for the next generation of faster and smarter spintronic and quantum computing devices. The research is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary, high-impact scientific journal. Using an advanced materials growth technique—hybrid molecular beam epitaxy—the researchers created ultra-thin layers of RuO2, a compound typically known for ...

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Technology

AI monitors wildlife behavior in the Swiss Alps

Scientists at EPFL have created MammAlps, a multi-view, multi-modal video dataset that captures how wild mammals behave in the Swiss Alps. This new resource could be a game-changer for wildlife monitoring and conservation efforts. Have you ever wondered how wild animals behave when no one’s watching? Understanding these behaviors is vital for protecting ecosystems—especially as climate change and human expansion alter natural habitats. But collecting this kind of information without interfering has always been tricky. Traditionally, researchers relied on direct observation or sensors strapped to animals—methods that ...

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Technology

Are the rest of podcasters history? AI-generated podcasts open new doors to make science accessible

Sophia Antipolis, France, 14 June: The first study to use artificial intelligence (AI) technology to generate podcasts about research published in scientific papers has shown the results were so good that half of the papers’ authors thought the podcasters were human. In research published today (Saturday) in the European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (EJCN) [1], researchers led by Professor Philip Moons from the University of Leuven, Belgium, used Google NotebookLM, a personalised AI research assistant created by Google Labs, to make podcasts explaining research published recently in the EJCN. Prof. Moons, who also presented ...

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Technology

The quantum mechanics of chiral spin selectivity

EMBARGOED in Science Advances until 2 p.m. Friday, June 13 A new platform for engineering chiral electron pathways offers potential fresh insights into a quantum phenomenon discovered by chemists—and exemplifies how the second quantum revolution is fostering transdisciplinary collaborations that bridge physics, chemistry, and biology to tackle fundamental questions. In the late 1990s, Ron Naaman at the Weizmann Institute and David Waldeck at the University of Pittsburgh were investigating how electrons scatter from chiral molecules. Previous gas-phase experiments had shown tiny asymmetries—less than 0.01%—when ...

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Technology

The many ways that AI enters rheumatology

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the standard to diagnose and assess progression in interstitial lung disease (ILD), a key feature in systemic sclerosis (SSc). But AI-assisted interpretation has the potential to improve the quantification and characterisation of SSc-ILD, making it a powerful tool for monitoring. Francesca Motta offered new data from an observational study pitting AI-assisted analysis against two radiologists with expertise in thoracic imaging. Results showed that the AI outperformed visual scoring in assessing the progression of fibrosis in patients with SSc-ILD, and showed more significant correlation with values from pulmonary ...

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Technology

First quantum-mechanical model of quasicrystals reveals why they exist

Photos A rare and bewildering intermediate between crystal and glass can be the most stable arrangement for some combinations of atoms, according to a study from the University of Michigan. The findings come from the first quantum-mechanical simulations of quasicrystals—a type of solid that scientists once thought couldn't exist. While the atoms in quasicrystals are arranged in a lattice, as in a crystal, the pattern of atoms doesn't repeat like it does in conventional crystals. The new simulation method suggests quasicrystals—like crystals—are fundamentally ...

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Technology

Innovative algorithm revolutionizes chip placement for advanced circuit design

In the fast-paced realm of semiconductor technology, optimizing chip design to meet the dual challenges of performance enhancement and cost reduction has emerged as a pivotal focus. A new study published in Engineering introduces a groundbreaking approach to address this challenge, presenting an exact algorithm for placement optimization in mixed-cell-height (MCH) circuits. Led by researchers Binqi Zhang, Lu Zhen, and Gilbert Laporte, the work tackles the intricate task of arranging diverse circuit cells within constrained chip regions while adhering to critical design rules, including ...

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