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New Orleans infection preventionists adapt adult protocols to reduce infections in babies

2023-06-26
Orlando, Fla., June 26, 2023 – Facing persistent cases of hospital-onset Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) during the pandemic, the infection prevention and control (IPC) team at Children’s Hospital New Orleans developed an inexpensive nasal decolonization regimen previously used only in their adult patients that decreased rates of MRSA by 50 percent. Their results are being presented at the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology’s (APIC’s) Annual Conference in Orlando Florida, June 26-28. Without a lot of scientific literature on nasal decolonization in the pediatric population to guide them, Infection Preventionist ...

Neurosurgical infections drop more than 80% in two years at Pittsburgh hospital

2023-06-26
Neurosurgical Infections Drop More Than 80% in Two Years at Pittsburgh Hospital Readmissions, patient satisfaction scores improve through infection preventionist-led, multidisciplinary collaboration Orlando, Fla. June 26, 2023 – When excess surgical site infections (SSIs) were detected among neurosurgery patients at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Mercy in 2019, infection preventionist Katie Palladino, MPH, CPH, CIC, partnered with a hospital neurosurgeon on a multidisciplinary quality and process improvement initiative that ...

Collect race, Indigenous identity on health card renewal to address health inequities

2023-06-26
To address health inequities that Indigenous and racialized patients can experience, collect data on racial and Indigenous identity at health card application and renewal, suggests a group of authors in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) https://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.221587. "Although race is a social construct that uses perceived physical differences to create and maintain power differentials and the existence of discrete racial groups has not been shown to have any biological basis, perceived race influences how people are treated by individuals and institutions," ...

Report reveals return on investments in Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Report reveals return on investments in Global Biodiversity Information Facility
2023-06-26
Every €1 invested in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility provides €3 in direct benefits to users and up to €12 in societal benefits, according to the the first economic valuation of GBIF's network, infrastructure and services. This finding is one of several insights outlined in the report, Economic valuation and assessment of the impact of the GBIF network, prepared and published by Deloitte Access Economics. The Deloitte team of economists applied multiple analytical methods to produce this estimate, comparing and combining the results to quantify the total ...

Association of Medicare Advantage posthospitalization home meal delivery with rehospitalization, death

2023-06-25
About The Study: Exposure to posthospitalization home-delivered meals was associated with lower 30-day rehospitalization and mortality; randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.  Authors: Huong Q. Nguyen, Ph.D., R.N., of the Southern California Permanente Medical Group in Pasadena, is the corresponding author. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.1678) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions ...

Guidelines to help clinicians on safer opioid deprescribing

2023-06-25
Australian and international experts have released 11 recommendations on when, how, and in what situation it may be appropriate for clinicians to reduce opioid use, by placing the patient at the centre of the equation. The University of Sydney led guidelines recommend that clinicians develop personalised deprescribing plans from the beginning for any patient being prescribed opioids. The guidelines also advise clinicians against abruptly stopping opioid treatment without gradually reducing the dose or transitioning to different treatments, saying it could increase risk of withdrawal ...

Once-weekly insulin Icodec vs once-daily insulin Degludec in adults with insulin-naive type 2 diabetes

2023-06-24
About The Study: Among people with insulin-naive type 2 diabetes, once-weekly icodec demonstrated superior HbA1c reduction to once-daily degludec after 26 weeks of treatment, with no difference in weight change and a higher rate of combined level two or three hypoglycemic events in the context of less than one event per patient-year exposure in both groups.  Authors: Ildiko Lingvay, M.D., of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, and Yiming Mu, M.D., of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing, are the corresponding authors. To ...

Bempedoic acid for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in statin-intolerant patients

2023-06-24
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that treatment with bempedoic acid in high-risk primary prevention patients unable to tolerate recommended doses of statins has the potential to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events.  Authors: Steven E. Nissen, M.D., of the Cleveland Clinic, is the corresponding author. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jama.2023.9696) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and ...

The expanded Child Tax Credit led to improved health and nutrition among adults

2023-06-24
The policy, which expired at the end of 2021, has not been renewed due to concerns among legislators over the credit being overly generous, particularly to lower-income families with limited tax liability, and the lack of an associated work requirement. The findings, to be published June 24 in JAMA Health Forum, could inform the debate over the policy’s future, said Dr. Jordan Rook, a fellow in the National Clinician Scholars Program at UCLA and the study’s lead author. “Cash transfer programs like the 2021 Child Tax Credit expansion may be powerful tools in improving ...

Changes in adult health and food security with the 2021 Child Tax Credit monthly payments

2023-06-24
About The Study: The results of this study suggest that the COVID 19–era policy of Expanded Child Tax Credit monthly payments was associated with improved adult overall health and food security. Cash transfer programs may be effective tools in improving adult health and household nutrition.  Authors: Jordan M. Rook, M.D., of the University of California, Los Angeles, is the corresponding author. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.1672) Editor’s ...

Depressed patients less likely to take their heart medications

2023-06-24
Edinburgh, UK – 24 June 2023:  Patients who feel low when having a cardiac device implanted are more likely to stop taking their heart medications than those without depression, according to research presented today at ACNAP 2023, a scientific congress of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).1 Study author Mr. Ole Skov, a psychologist and PhD student in cardiac psychology at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark said: “Medications help to control symptoms and prevent further heart problems so adherence is important. Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) ...

Study explores the use of deep learning algorithm to detect occlusal caries

2023-06-24
Alexandria, VA, USA – A diagnostic study on the detection of occlusal caries from a clinical photograph using a deep learning algorithm will be presented at the 101st General Session of the IADR, which will be held in conjunction with the 9th Meeting of the Latin American Region and the 12th World Congress on Preventive Dentistry on June 21-24, 2023, in Bogotá, Colombia. The Interactive Talk presentation, “Automated Detection of Occlusal Caries Using Deep Learning Algorithm,” will take place on Saturday, June 24 at 4:25 p.m. Colombia Time (UTC-05:00) during the “Prevalence ...

New nationwide modeling points to widespread racial disparities in urban heat stress

New nationwide modeling points to widespread racial disparities in urban heat stress
2023-06-23
RICHLAND, Wash.— From densely built urban cores to sprawling suburbia, cities are complex. This complexity can lead to temperature hot spots within cities, with some neighborhoods (and their residents) facing more heat than others. Understanding this environmental disparity forms the spirit of new research led by scientists at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. In a new paper examining all major cities in the U.S., the authors find that the average Black resident is exposed to air that is warmer by 0.28 degrees ...

Do warmer temperatures make turtles better mothers?

2023-06-23
DURHAM, N.C. -- Warmer temperatures are known to make more turtle eggs become female hatchlings, but new research out of Duke University shows that those females also have a higher capacity for egg production, even before their sex is set. This finding may explain why many animals besides turtles have temperature-dependent sex determination and why the system persists, despite seeming like a risky strategy. It may also provide a troubling glimpse of what could lie ahead in a warming world. What the ...

Brain pathway identified that impairs postpartum social behavior after adolescent stress

Brain pathway identified that impairs postpartum social behavior after adolescent stress
2023-06-23
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – Stress during adolescence can cause postpartum behavioral changes in women and other mammals, including depression and changes in social behavior after the birth of a child. However, the neural circuit mechanisms by which adolescent stress leads to later changes in postpartum social behavior are unclear. In a Nature Communications study, University of Alabama at Birmingham researcher Minae Niwa, Ph.D., used a mouse model and cutting-edge neurobiological techniques to show how psychological stress during adolescence alters neuronal functions in the brain, resulting in altered postpartum social behavior. This ...

People are falsely denying firearm ownership, and it’s not who you might think

2023-06-23
Some firearm owners may not want researchers to know they own firearms, according to a study by the New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center at Rutgers. In a study published in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, researchers found that based on their answers to a variety of other questions, a group of individuals appeared as though they might be falsely denying firearm ownership when directly asked by researchers. While some of these individuals resemble what previous research indicated to be a typical American firearm owner (e.g., white, male), others looked quite different (racial or ethnic minority, female, ...

Source of common kidney disease lies outside the kidney, study suggests

2023-06-23
NEW YORK, NY--The cause of a common kidney disease likely lies outside the kidney, according to a new study led by Columbia University researchers. The study, which uncovered 16 new locations in the genome linked to immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, confirms an earlier hypothesis that the immune system has an important role in driving the disease and points toward new strategies for detecting and treating it. No targeted treatments have been approved to treat IgA nephropathy, largely because the underlying cause of the disease has not been well understood. Identifying genes linked ...

Stanford Medicine-led research identifies a subtype of depression

2023-06-23
Scientists at Stanford Medicine conducted a study describing a new category of depression — labeled the cognitive biotype — which accounts for 27% of depressed patients and is not effectively treated by commonly prescribed antidepressants. Cognitive tasks showed that these patients have difficulty with the ability to plan ahead, display self-control, sustain focus despite distractions and suppress inappropriate behavior; imaging showed decreased activity in two brain regions responsible for those tasks. Because depression has traditionally been defined as a mood disorder, ...

Stanford University’s Innovative Medicines Accelerator and Intonation Research Laboratories form a collaboration to fight cancerous neuroendocrine tumors

2023-06-23
Stanford University’s Innovative Medicines Accelerator (IMA) and Intonation Research Laboratories (Intonation) have formed a collaboration to develop treatments that target cancerous neuroendocrine tumors, or tumors that form from hormone-releasing cells.  The goal of the collaboration is to reduce the time and resources it takes to translate a biomedical breakthrough into a clinically and commercially viable medicine.  “I’m excited about this collaboration with Intonation Research Laboratories, which has the potential to speed ...

Extinct warbler’s genome sequenced from museum specimens

Extinct warbler’s genome sequenced from museum specimens
2023-06-23
The Bachman’s warbler, a songbird that was last seen in North America nearly 40 years ago, was a distinct species and not a hybrid of its two living sister species, according a new study in which the full genomes of seven museum specimens of the bird were sequenced. Genome comparisons of Bachman’s warbler with the golden-winged and blue-winged warblers also helped researchers identify a new candidate gene involved in feather pigmentation in the group. A paper describing the study, led by Penn State researchers, highlights the crucial role that museum collections can play in science and appears ...

Baylor researchers examine relationship between imprisoned mothers and their adolescent children’s risk behaviors

2023-06-23
WACO, Texas (June 23, 2023) – Women represent the fastest-growing population in U.S. institutional corrections facilities. In the past four decades, the number of women incarcerated has increased by more than 475%, rising from 26,326 in 1980 to 152,854 in 2020.Because the majority of imprisoned women are mothers, a conservative estimate indicates that at least one million American children have experienced maternal incarceration, and a substantial portion of them are adolescents. Evidence suggests that maternal incarceration is a risk factor for adolescents’ ...

NSF CAREER Awardee develops a 1-minute frailty testing platform

NSF CAREER Awardee develops a 1-minute frailty testing platform
2023-06-23
A layperson might think of “frail” as simply a synonym for “weak” or “fragile.” But in the medical field, frailty is a specific term, meaning – due to factors including inflammation and hormone shifts – a patient has a lack of physiological reserve, or a reduced ability to tolerate stress. “That stress can be anything from the simple event of falling to getting COVID or another infectious disease,” said Nima Toosizadeh, assistant professor of biomedical engineering and medicine. “Or, it can be a treatment that might be invasive for patients. Knowing who can tolerate the stress is critical.” It ...

Cancer cell repopulation after therapy: which is the mechanism?

Cancer cell repopulation after therapy: which is the mechanism?
2023-06-23
“Approaches targeted to prevent this post-therapy cancer cell repopulation should be uncovered to prevent tumor relapse and thus increase overall survival from this devastating disease.” BUFFALO, NY- June 23, 2023 – A new research perspective was published in Oncoscience (Volume 10) on June 1, 2023, entitled, “Cancer cell repopulation after therapy: which is the mechanism?” The past two decades have brought great progress in the treatment of cancer as patients with the disease live ...

Mario Romero-Ortega to lead Biomedical Engineering at the University of Arizona

Mario Romero-Ortega to lead Biomedical Engineering at the University of Arizona
2023-06-23
Mario Romero-Ortega was selected through a nationwide search to head the University of Arizona Department of Biomedical Engineering, beginning with the fall 2023 semester. “I was drawn by the culture of collaboration, the quality of the students and faculty, and by the unified vision from University of Arizona leadership to impact biomedical engineering and health, from local to global,” he said. Romero-Ortega will join the College of Engineering from the University of Houston, where he serves in the College of Engineering as a Cullen ...

When majority men respect minority women, groups communicate better

2023-06-23
Kyle Emich, a professor of management at the Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics, along with Rachel Amey and Chad Forbes, then with UD’s Psychology and Brain Sciences Department, were searching for clues about why women’s knowledge often gets ignored in the workplace and how to improve the situation.  Drawing on both a problem-solving group exercise and measurements of brain activity, their findings, now published by the journal Small Group Research, illustrate ways stereotypes and attitudes can ...
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