People who repeatedly observe aggression have a higher likelihood of engaging in violent behavior later in life. In a new JNeurosci paper, Jacob Nordman and colleagues, from Southern University of Illinois School of Medicine, used mice to explore the environmental factors and neural mechanisms that lead to the aggression that witnesses later acquire.  In a behavioral paradigm created by this research group, mice observed known peers or unfamiliar strangers attack intruder mice. Only male witnesses later displayed increased aggression themselves, and this happened only after watching familiar peers attack intruders.  What neural mechanism might be driving ...

Do colors trigger unique brain responses? And do different people have the same brain responses to colors? In a new JNeurosci paper, Michael Bannert and Andreas Bartels, from the University of Tübingen, explored color representation in the human brain to address these questions.   The researchers measured color-induced brain responses from one set of participants. Next, they predicted what colors other participants were observing by comparing each individual’s brain activity to color-induced responses of the first set of observers. Bannert and Bartels found that ...

In a landmark study of Hispanic and Latino adults, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have identified a link between self-reported cognitive decline and blood-based biomarkers, which could pave the way for a simple blood test to help diagnose Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. This approach could be faster, less-invasive and more affordable than existing screening tools. The results are published in JAMA Network Open. “We need ways to identify underlying neurodegenerative ...

A joint team from the University of Stuttgart in Germany and the University of Melbourne in Australia has developed a new method for the straightforward analysis of tiny nanoplastic particles in environmental samples. One needs only an ordinary optical microscope and a newly developed test strip—the optical sieve. The research results have now been published in “Nature Photonics” (doi: 10.1038/s41566-025-01733-x). “The test strip can serve as a simple analysis tool in environmental and health research,” explains Prof. ...

Theoretical study by Limor Raviv, Damian Blasi and Vera Kempe, argues that children are not likely to be the main force behind linguistic innovation. For more than a century, scholars have repeated a powerful idea: that the mistakes children make when learning to speak are the seeds of language change. From 19th-century linguist Henry Sweet’s famous claim that “if languages were learnt perfectly by the children of each generation, then languages would not change,” to contemporary studies, the notion that children drive language evolution has been ...

(Barcelona, Spain-- September 8, 2025 at 5:00 PM CEST / UTC +2)— Clinical data presented today demonstrates the combination of tarlatamab with anti-PD-L1 therapy as first-line maintenance has an acceptable safety profile and resulted in unprecedented overall survival in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). K.G. Paulson, MD, Providence-Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Wash., presented new safety and efficacy data from the phase 1b DeLLphi-303 trial evaluating tarlatamab in combination ...

About The Study: In this cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) use was associated with body mass index (BMI) -dependent cardiovascular benefits and consistent kidney protection, suggesting the importance of BMI stratification in guiding treatment decisions. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ming-Lung Tsai, MD, email mltsai.cgmh@gmail.com. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.30952) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, ...

About The Study: In this study, fine particulate matter air pollution exposure was associated with increased dementia severity and increased Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change. Population-based studies are needed to better understand this relationship. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Edward B. Lee, MD, PhD, email edward.lee@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.3316) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for ...

Among the tiniest living things in the ocean are a group of single celled microbes called Prochlorococcus. They are cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, and they supply nutrients for animals all the way up the food chain. Over 75% of surface waters teem with Prochlorococcus, but as ocean temperatures rise, researchers fear that the water might be getting too warm to support the population. Prochlorococcus is the most abundant photosynthesizing organism in the ocean, accounting for 5% of global photosynthesis. Because Prochlorococcus thrive in the tropics, researchers predicted that they would adapt ...

As lawmakers and public health experts debate the safety of nicotine pouches, researchers from Rutgers Health found that for now, most adults that use these products also have a history of tobacco use and may be choosing these products as a possible step toward reducing or quitting more dangerous forms of nicotine delivery. The findings – believed to be the first national estimates of daily nicotine pouch use in the U.S. – were published in JAMA Network Open. Faced with declining cigarette sales, tobacco manufacturers in the U.S. are turning to tobacco-free nicotine ...

SINGAPORE, 8 SEPTEMBER 2025—Just as a computer’s operating system can be rewritten after a major update, dengue infection can ‘re-programme’ the body’s immune system, leaving a long-lasting genetic imprint that influences how people respond to future infections—an effect not seen with vaccination. These novel insights from a recent study shed light on the mechanics of dengue disease progression and vaccine action, filling an important knowledge gap on how even imperfect vaccines can be used safely. It also paves the way for the future development of safer and ...

The MicroRestore project, presented by Dr. Gianluca Ianiro, has been awarded one of the European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grants, intended for talented young scientists who have completed their doctoral studies (PhD) no more than seven years ago. Following a rigorous selection process and an in-person interview, an international panel of experts draws up a merit ranking that rewards scientific excellence. The ERC Starting Grant—worth €1.5 million and lasting five years—is a highly prestigious recognition, that had never before been awarded to a researcher from the Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli/Università ...

‘Rogue’ DNA Rings Reveal Earliest Clues to Deadly Brain Cancer’s Growth An international team of scientists has revealed how rogue rings of DNA that float outside of our chromosomes – known as extrachromosomal DNA, or ecDNA – can drive the growth of a large proportion of glioblastomas, the most common and aggressive adult brain cancer. The discovery could open the door to much-needed new approaches to diagnose glioblastoma early, track its progress and treat it more effectively. The findings, published today in Cancer Discovery, are the first to suggest that ecDNA ...

WASHINGTON – People with operable diffuse pleural mesothelioma may benefit from immunotherapy before and after surgery, based on results of a clinical trial exploring the sequence of treatment and the role of surgery for this difficult to treat cancer.   Mesothelioma is a rare cancer that affects the tissue that lines many organs of the body. Approximately 30,000 cases are diagnosed every year worldwide, most of them in the pleura, or lining of the lungs. It occurs most often in people who have been exposed ...

The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program (Kids First) has released its 36th study and introduced significant new data updates to two existing studies, further advancing efforts to uncover the genetic foundations of childhood cancers and congenital conditions. This brings the total data files available at the Kids First Data Resource Center (Kids First DRC) to more than 110,000.     WHO: Kids First, a program from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) WHAT: Announcing the latest data releases to the Kids First data ecosystem. Newly released and updated datasets are available publicly, including: CONGENITAL CONDITIONS Kids ...

Every year, sea turtles hatch on Florida’s beaches and make their way from the sand to the ocean – a critical journey that determines their chances of survival. As these hatchlings navigate obstacles such as artificial lights, beach debris and predators like birds and crabs, a new hazard looms. Sargassum seaweed washing up on Florida’s shores in record amounts is more than just a nuisance for beachgoers – it’s becoming a serious threat to vulnerable sea turtle hatchlings. While it’s long been known that obstacles on the beach can slow down hatchlings and put ...

Balancing environmental conservation with economic progress is one of the most pressing challenges of our time. This is particularly difficult for many developing countries, which urgently need to lift their populations out of poverty while grappling with the increasing degradation of their environment. Unfortunately, a common belief is that these nations have to choose between economic growth and a clean environment—a situation made more complex by their reliance on foreign aid. While the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals provide a global roadmap for tackling such issues, ...

Gastrointestinal (GI) complications, such as postoperative ileus (POI) and intra-abdominal infections (IAI), remain a major concern after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Even with advances in surgical techniques, including robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion (iRARC), and the adoption of enhanced recovery protocols, these complications continue to affect a substantial proportion of patients. They not only prolong hospital stays but also increase patient morbidity, underscoring the need to identify risk factors beyond surgical technique alone. In a new study ...

Barcelona, Spain (September 8, 2025, Noon CEST / UTC +2  ) — BMS-986504, a first-in-class methylthioadenosine (MTA)-cooperative protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) targeting agent, showed promising antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with MTAP-deleted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to results from the Phase 1CA240-0007 trial presented at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC). MTAP, encoding the enzyme methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, is ...

(Barcelona, Spain September 8, 2025, 10:45 a.m. CEST / UTC +2) ) — A multi-center, randomized phase III trial has found that a three-week hypofractionated radiotherapy (HypoRT) schedule with concurrent chemotherapy provides similar survival outcomes and reduced toxicity compared to the standard six-week conventional fractionated radiotherapy (ConvRT) schedule for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). The results were presented today at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC). In hypofractionated ...

(Barcelona, Spain September 8, 2025, 10:45 a.m. CEST / UTC +2)  Older individuals between the ages of 75 and 80 who are eligible for lung surgery may achieve survival outcomes comparable to younger patients following lung cancer screening, according to research presented today at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC). Despite half of lung cancers being diagnosed in people aged 75 or older, randomized evidence on screening outcomes in this age group is limited. Most national lung cancer screening programs, including the UK’s, stop at age 74. The U.S. Preventive ...

(Barcelona, Spain September 8, 2025, 10:45 a.m. CEST / UTC +2)  – Patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) compared to open lobectomy had a significantly improved overall survival rate, according to a meta-analysis presented at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC). Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is currently the most common approach to perform pulmonary lobectomy in early-stage lung cancer. Advantages include reduced pain, fewer complications, faster recovery and improved quality-of-life. The adoption of VATS lobectomy ...

(Barcelona, Spain September 8, 2025, 10:45 a.m. CEST / UTC +2)  – Interim results from the NADIM ADJUVANT Phase III trial, led by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (GECP), suggest that adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy may reduce the risk of recurrence in patients with completely resected stage IB–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. Despite complete surgical resection (R0), early-stage NSCLC carries a substantial risk of recurrence and remains a leading cause of cancer-related ...

(Barcelona, Spain September 8, 2025, 10:45 a.m. CEST / UTC +2)  — Treating patients who have stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with durvalumab concurrent with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and continuing as consolidation therapy did not improve overall survival compared to consolidation durvalumab alone, according to research presented today at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC). Consolidation durvalumab improves survival ...

  In Europe, almost one in 10 people over 70 suffers from dementia, and this figure could even triple by 2050 due to rising life expectancy. Over time, those affected lose everything that makes them who they are, including their memory and their ability to go about their everyday lives. Many also suffer from physical deterioration. In an advanced stage of the disorder, dementia patients generally require comprehensive care. Now, the first drugs have emerged that can slightly slow down disease progression in the early stages of Alzheimer’s – ...