Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising alternative for next generation photovoltaics due to their superior power conversion efficiencies (record currently at 34.9% for perovskite-silicon tandem) and low-cost manufacturing. One fully-printable implementation of perovskite solar cells uses mesoporous layers. However, the complex mesoporous architectures present a significant challenge for accurate modelling, especially considering the enhanced interfacial effects. Then, the influence of the manufacturing texturing on the charge ...

This study was led by Professor Kabin Xie (National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China). The authors found that overexpression of ADARdd in rice protoplasts leads to abundant off-target editing, a phenomenon not observed in leaves of stable transgenic rice plants overexpressing ADARdd (ADAR deaminase domain). To investigate the underlying mechanisms, the authors systematically explored the effects of ADARdd expression levels, protoplast physiology, and the presence of RNA-binding domains or a nuclear localization signal (NLS) on off-target editing. The results indicated that off-target editing by ADARdd was independent ...

Academician Yu-Zhong Wang's team at Sichuan University proposed an innovative "LEGO" strategy, successfully upgrading and recycling waste polyethylene (PE) into high-performance materials with multiple functions. This strategy degrades PE into oligomers, which are then modularly assembled with different functional monomers through dynamic imine bonds. This allows for customized functionalization, achieving multiple functions such as flame retardancy, antistatic properties, UV shielding, and dyeability. Simultaneously, the resulting material exhibits good physical and chemical recyclability. ...

URBANA, Ill. — For centuries, scientists have known that plants "breathe" through microscopic pores on their leaves called stomata. These tiny valves are the gatekeepers that balance the intake of carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis against the loss of water vapor from the leaf to the atmosphere. Now, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have developed a groundbreaking new tool that allows them to watch and quantify this process in real-time and under strictly controlled environmental conditions. The study, published in the journal Plant Physiology, introduces a system dubbed "Stomata In-Sight." It solves a long-standing ...

Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric condition characterized by a fear of weight gain and reduced calorie consumption that can result in dangerous weight loss. This condition is thought to affect around 1-4% of all women, and those who suffer from it, or have suffered from it, are estimated to be three times more likely to die prematurely than those who have never had it.   Anorexia nervosa (or AN) doesn’t just result in fat loss. It can also result in a 20-30% loss of skeletal muscle strength and size, which is critical to longevity and the ability to do basic activities like grocery shopping or picking up babies. Along with treating the psychiatric component, ...

ITHACA, N.Y. – Shifting from numerical to narrative-based performance reviews can significantly impact employees’ perceptions of fairness and their likelihood of improving performance based on the feedback, according to Cornell University-led research. The study, published in the Academy of Management Discoveries, compared responses to performance feedback delivered in one of three formats: numerical-only, narrative-only or a combination of both. Their findings suggest that narrative-only feedback was generally perceived as the fairest, and gives ...

Scientists have taken a major step toward improving how wastewater treatment systems deal with emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and endocrine disrupting chemicals. In a new perspective article published in New Contaminants, researchers present a comprehensive framework explaining how advanced oxidation processes, or AOPs, remove these hard to eliminate pollutants from water. Emerging contaminants are often present at very low concentrations, but they can pose long term risks to ecosystems and human health. Many conventional ...

A new comprehensive review highlights how converting biomass into gaseous fuels such as hydrogen, methane, and syngas could play a critical role in the global transition to low-carbon energy systems. By combining techno-economic analysis with life-cycle assessment, the study provides one of the clearest pictures to date of when and where biomass-based gaseous fuels can be both climate-friendly and economically viable. The review, published in Energy & Environment Nexus, examines thermochemical conversion pathways that transform agricultural residues, forestry waste, and other ...

  Climate change is not only warming the planet and disrupting rainfall, it is also quietly rewiring the way nitrogen moves through the world’s croplands, forests, and grasslands. This hidden shift in the global nitrogen cycle carries major consequences for food security, water quality, biodiversity, and climate policy. Nitrogen is a basic building block of proteins and DNA, and healthy terrestrial ecosystems depend on a steady but balanced flow of nitrogen through soils, plants, and microbes. When that balance is disturbed, harvests can fall, rivers can turn green with algae, and more greenhouse gases can escape into the atmosphere.​ “In a warming world, nitrogen ...

Embargoed for release until 5:00 p.m. ET on Monday 5 January 2026    Follow @Annalsofim on X, Facebook, Instagram, Bluesky, and Linkedin              Below please find summaries of new articles that will be published in the next issue of Annals of Internal Medicine. The summaries are not intended to substitute for the full articles as a source of information. This information is under strict embargo and by taking it into possession, media representatives are committing ...

EVANSTON, Ill. --- A groundbreaking new study reveals that changes to the gut microbiome can change the way the brain works. Humans have the largest relative brain size of any primate, but little is known about how mammals with larger brains evolved to meet the intense energy demands required to support brain growth and maintenance. A new study from Northwestern University provides the first empirical data showing the direct role the gut microbiome plays in shaping differences in the way the brain functions across different primate species. “Our study shows that microbes are acting on traits ...

Public health researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health used computer modeling to reconstruct how the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic unfolded in the U.S. The findings highlight the rapid spread of pandemic respiratory pathogens and the challenges of early outbreak containment. The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is the first to comprehensively compare the spatial transmission of the last two respiratory pandemics in the U.S. at the metropolitan scale.  In the U.S., the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic was responsible for 274,304 hospitalizations ...

EVANSTON, Ill. --- Researchers at Northwestern University and the University of Bern in Switzerland have conducted the first cross-temporal, multinational study to compare views of gender using data collected 30 years apart. An international study reveals that people’s beliefs about the attributes of women and men follow from the differing social roles that they typically occupy in homes and workplaces in their respective societies. The goal driving the research was to understand the sources of stereotypes of men as assertive and ambitious and of women as the kinder and more caring gender. The study showed that these stereotypes reflect the differing social ...

A study by researchers at Mass General Brigham highlights the opportunity for orthopedic surgeons to play a critical role in identifying patients who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). While orthopedic surgeons are experts in musculoskeletal injuries, screening patients to identify IPV is not routine. This is highlighted by the findings that only 0.3% of referrals for IPV from orthopedic surgeons compared to 29% from the emergency department. Correcting misperceptions about the prevalence of IPV, ...

When observing small worms under a microscope, one might observe something very surprising: the worms appear to make a sweeping motion to clean their own environment. Physicists at the University of Amsterdam, Georgia Tech and Sorbonne Université/CNRS have now discovered the reason for this unexpected behavior. Brainless sweeping When centimeter-long aquatic worms, such as T. tubifex or Lumbriculus variegatus, are placed in a Petri dish filled with sub-millimeter sized sand particles, something surprising happens. Over time, the worms begin to spontaneously clean up their surroundings. They sweep particles ...

When researchers studying spiders and scorpions at the Zoological Collections Laboratory of the Butantan Institute in São Paulo, Brazil, came across a few-millimeter-long spider wearing something resembling a pearl necklace, they knocked on the door of a colleague specializing in mites. Ricardo Bassini-Silva, a researcher and curator of the Acarological Collection at the same laboratory, quickly identified the “necklace” as mite larvae. Previously, there had only been one record of spider-parasitic mites ...

WASHINGTON, D.C., Jan. 5, 2026 — The latest issues of four American Psychiatric Association journals (The American Journal of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Services, American Journal of Psychotherapy and Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice) are now available online. The January issue of The American Journal of Psychiatry brings together research on externalizing disorders, pediatric anxiety, autism, and inflammation-related depression. Highlights of the issue include:   The effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on depressive symptom severity ...

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Private equity firms have acquired more than 500 autism therapy centers across the U.S. over the past decade, with nearly 80% of those acquisitions occurring over a four-year span, according to a new study from researchers at the Brown University Center for Advancing Health Policy through Research. Study author Yashaswini Singh, a health economist at Brown’s School of Public Health, said the work highlights how financial firms are rapidly moving into a sensitive area of health care without much public scrutiny or data on where this is happening or why. “The big takeaway is ...

About The Article: This Viewpoint discusses past cervical cancer screening guidelines and presents new Women’s Preventive Services guidelines issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ann M. Sheehy, MD, MS, email asheehy@hrsa.gov. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jama.2025.26456) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial ...

About The Study: In this cross-sectional study, despite declining from the first (October 2022 to September 2023) to the second (October 2023 to September 2024) surveillance period, the COVID-19 burden continued to have a large impact in the U.S., particularly among adults 65 years and older, underscoring the ongoing importance of prevention measures.  Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Emilia H. A. Koumans, MD, email ekoumans@cdc.gov. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.7179) Editor’s ...

About The Study: This study found that U.S. adolescents, on average, spent more than an hour using smartphones during school, with social media use accounting for most of that time. These objective findings from a large sample extend those of a prior smaller study based on self-report, which similarly demonstrated 1 hour of smartphone usage per school day. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jason M. Nagata, MD, MSc, email jason.nagata@ucsf.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jama.2025.23235) Editor’s Note: Please see the ...

Mass General Brigham researchers looked at data on 4,584 participants across 52 U.S. sites from the federally funded RECOVER-Pediatrics study Results identified social risk factors associated with greater odds of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 symptoms New research led by Mass General Brigham investigators suggests that long COVID is more prevalent in school-aged children and adolescents who experience economic instability and adverse social conditions. The multi-center, observational study found that the risk of long COVID was significantly higher in households that faced food insecurity and challenges such ...

An international team of astronomers led by Canadian researchers has found something the universe wasn’t supposed to have: a galaxy cluster blazing with hot gas just 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang, far earlier and hotter than theory predicts.  The result, published today in Nature, could upend current models of galaxy cluster formation, which predict such temperatures occur only in more mature, stable galaxy clusters later in the universe’s life.  “We didn’t ...

BUFFALO, N.Y. — The first study from GreenDrill — a project co-led by the University at Buffalo to collect rocks and sediment buried beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet — has found that the Prudhoe Dome ice cap was completely gone approximately 7,000 years ago, much more recently than previously known. Published today (Jan. 5) in Nature Geoscience, the findings suggest that this high point on the northwest section of the ice sheet is highly sensitive to the relatively mild temperatures of the Holocene, the interglacial period that began 11,000 years ago and continues today.  “This is a ...

New York, NY, Birmingham, AL, & Sassari, Italy — A new peer-reviewed paper published in The Gerontologist  provides the most comprehensive scientific response to date addressing recent critiques of the so-called “blue zones,” regions of the world known for unusually high concentrations of people living long, healthy lives. In the article, “The validity of blue zones demography: a response to critiques,” authors Steven N. Austad, PhD (Scientific Director, American Federation for Aging Research/AFAR and Distinguished Professor, Protective Life Endowed Chair in Healthy Aging Research at the University ...