From the ocean’s rolling swells to the bumpy ride of a jetliner, turbulence is everywhere. It breaks large waves into smaller ones, cascading energy across scales. It is ubitquitous throughout our Galaxy and the broader Universe, shaping the behavior of plasma, stars, and magnetic fields. Yet despite its ubiquity, turbulence remains one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics. Now, by developing the world’s largest-ever simulations of magnetized turbulence, an international team of scientists has measured — with unprecedented precision — how ...

Barcelona, 13 May 2025 – Just as species adapt over generations, our body’s cells accumulate DNA changes throughout life. Most are harmless, yet a few “driver” mutations give a cell a competitive edge and can spark cancer. Chemotherapy then adds a new evolutionary pressure, encouraging further genetic changes that let tumours bounce back. Researchers at IRB Barcelona have developed DiffInvex, a computational framework that tracks how evolutionary pressures on genes change as healthy cells become tumours and as tumours face chemotherapy. Applied to more than 11,000 human cancer and healthy tissue genomes spanning ...

People with multiple long-term physical health conditions are at a significantly greater risk of developing depression, a study shows.   Researchers found that some combinations of illnesses – particularly cardiometabolic ones like diabetes and heart disease – could more than double the likelihood of a future depression diagnosis.   With multimorbidity – when patients live with two or more chronic conditions – continuing to put pressure on an already stretched healthcare ...

Plants have small pores on the underside of their leaves, known as stomata. When the sun rises, these pores open and the plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, which they need, in addition to sunlight and water, for photosynthesis. At the same time, water evaporates through the open stomata; for a tree, this may be several hundred liters per day. When water is scarce, plants can close their stomata and thus prevent it from evaporating too much water. The fact that plants have this protective mechanism at their disposal is nothing new. Until now, however, it has not been clear when this closure occurs and what the trigger was. ...

ROCHESTER, New York, USA, 29 April 2025 -- In a comprehensive Genomic Psychiatry review article published today, researchers from the University of Rochester Medical Center have synthesized decades of research on stress hormone systems in primate brains, potentially unlocking new paths toward treating stress-related psychiatric disorders. The article offers groundbreaking insights into how corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), a key stress hormone, interacts with dopamine neuron populations in ways that differ significantly between rodents and primates. The Stress-Dopamine Connection: More Complex Than Previously Understood Stress ...

OTTAWA, Ontario, Canada, 13 May 2025 - In a comprehensive Genomic Press Commentary published today, researchers have identified what could be the first reliable biomarker for depression risk, potentially transforming how this devastating condition is identified and treated. The commentary examines recent findings demonstrating that individuals with depression consistently exhibit a functionally enlarged salience network compared to non-depressed controls. Distinctive Brain Connectivity Pattern Identified The salience network, a neural system responsible for attention allocation and switching between different brain ...

Brief facts about the study: fertility // randomised, clinical trial // 1,466 women. The study has been published in Frontiers in Endocrinology.  About 15 per cent of all couples of reproductive age are involuntarily childless. A major reason why so many need assisted reproduction is that nowadays more and more people are putting off starting a family.  “This is a global trend that is expected to increase in the coming years. In Europe alone, one million IVF treatments are carried out each year; in Sweden, the corresponding number is 25,000,” ...

  COLUMBUS, Ohio - As kids spend more time on screens, a new national survey conducted by Ipsos on behalf of The Kids Mental Health Foundation, founded by Nationwide Children’s Hospital, identifies parents’ greatest fears for their children around screen time. The top three fears parents have around their child and screen time are: privacy and safety concerns (47%), exposure to misinformation (36%) and not socializing in person (34%). Fewer parents ranked concerns around body image and schoolwork high on their list. “My biggest concerns with screens are making sure that my kids don't get exposed to things before I'm ready ...

Fukuoka, Japan—In a paper published in Geophysical Research Letters, researchers from Kyushu University report on the activity of sporadic E layers—about 90-120 km above sea level—during the Mother’s Day geomagnetic storm. The team found that the E layers were significantly enhanced during the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm. Sporadic E layer, as the name suggests, is a phenomenon in which thin—about 1-5 km thick—but dense patches of ionized metals suddenly appear in the E layer of the ionosphere. Moreover, the team found that these ...

The genome structure — how genes are organized within DNA sequences in an organism — is fundamental to the processes and functions of organisms. A team at the University of Tokyo has developed a system to control and accelerate the evolution of changes in bacterial genome structure, targeting small “jumping genes,” or DNA sequences known as insertion sequences. “Most of what we know about evolution comes from studying the past. But some events, like the origin of mitochondria or other organelles, leave few traces, making it hard to reconstruct how they happened,” explained ...

Kyoto, Japan -- Stifling heat and sticky air often make summertime in the city uncomfortable. Due to the heat island effect, urban areas are significantly warmer than nearby rural areas, even at night. This, combined with more frequent extreme weather events caused by climate change, often render the city an unpleasant environment in the summer. Urbanization and climate change modify the thermal environment of urban areas, with an expectation that urban disasters from extremely hot weather and heavy rainfall will only become more severe. Mitigating potential damage involves reducing the intensity of the heat island effect and adapting to climate ...

Research from the University of Adelaide shows microbial communities in echidna pseudo-pouches undergo dramatic changes while the animal is lactating, which could help in creating an environment for their young, known as puggles, to thrive. Echidnas are monotremes, which are the only mammals that lay eggs. The early developmental stage at which they hatch from their egg means that the puggles lack a functioning immune system. “We know the reproductive microbiome is important to infant health, including for humans, but little is known about how it ...

Transmasculine and gender-diverse individuals who use testosterone are not at increased risk of gynecological cancer in the first years of hormone therapy. This is evident from large-scale research by Amsterdam UMC, which was published today in eClinicalMedicine. The results provide important insights for healthcare providers and transmasculine and gender-diverse individuals who are considering starting hormone therapy.  Transmasculine and gender-diverse people are registered as women at birth, but do not feel male, non-binary or otherwise ...

Artisanal lead mining in Nigeria is responsible for airborne lead exposures that are 10 times the U.S. Permissible Exposure Limit according to a study published today. This is the first study to report on airborne lead levels from self-employed artisanal lead miners as a source of community exposures. The study also found that airborne lead exposures from gold ore processing in Northern Nigeria is associated with exposures that are more than 30 times greater than allowable exposure limits. The artisanal gold ore processing that was monitored utilized a variety of manual and machine grinding methods to process and extract ...

Unprecedented progress in reducing the number of women smoking during pregnancy in England could be put at risk by NHS funding cuts, according to a UEA addiction expert. A new BMJ article, co-authored by Prof Caitlin Notley from UEA’s Norwich Medical School, reveals that the proportion of women smoking during pregnancy in England has almost halved in the last decade. Most of the decline happened in the last five years thanks to the introduction of dedicated stop smoking advisers in NHS maternity services since 2020. But the team fear that the reduction could be threatened by cost-cutting exercises. And they are calling for continued investment to give every ...

The American College of Cardiology has recognized three outstanding abstract presentations as Abstract Award winners at the ACC Asia 2025 Together with SCS 36th Annual Scientific Meeting on May 9-11 in Singapore. The conference brings together leading experts and cardiovascular clinicians from across Asia to examine emerging trends and evidence-based strategies in the prevention and management of patients with heart disease. This year’s winners were selected for their high-quality research that furthers the ACC’s mission to transform cardiovascular care and improve heart health. This year’s Abstract Award winners are: Yanji Qu, MD, PhD - Guangdong ...

Children who are living with severe obesity are more likely to experience a clinically relevant change in BMI when GLP-1 agonist drugs form part of their treatment, new research being presented at year’s European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2025) suggests. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists mimic the action of a hormone called GLP-1 to reduce appetite and feelings of hunger, slow the release of food from the stomach and increase feelings of fullness after eating. “GLP-1 drugs are increasingly used to treat obesity in adults,” ...

Medications like semaglutide and liraglutide may help to reduce the risk for heart attacks, strokes, and other major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as well as death in adults with obesity and diabetes following bariatric surgery who did not achieve sufficient weight loss and diabetes control, according to new research being presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Malaga, Spain (11-14 May). The observational, real-life retrospective cohort study found that in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes but no prior heart disease, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) ...

New research being presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2025) has found that patients of an online obesity clinic achieved similar weight loss to that reported in clinical trials – but with less than half the medication. The study is to be published in the journal The Lancet Digital Health. Patients who followed the programme had an average weight loss of 16.7% (16.8kg/2st 9lb) after 64 weeks, which is on par with that seen in randomised controlled trials of the same drug, semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 ...

Research being presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2025) and published in the journal Nutrients indicates that collagen could be a safe and effective weight-loss supplement. Individuals with overweight and obesity who ate protein bars enriched with collagen, a protein that is found in connective tissue, lost twice as much weight as a control group who did not have the supplement.  They also experienced greater decreases in blood pressure and waist circumference and saw their liver health improve more.  They may also have ...

Semaglutide can rapidly reduce heart attacks and other serious cardiovascular complications in adults with overweight or obesity who have pre-existing cardiovascular disease but not diabetes, according to a secondary analysis of the landmark Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes (SELECT) trial from the same international author team being presented at this year’s European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Malaga, Spain (11-14 May).   “These results highlight semaglutide’s early action on decreasing major cardiovascular events, with significant benefits already evident ...

As the effects of climate change intensify in urban areas, it is essential to strengthen the organizational capacity of civil defense units to implement disaster risk management, including prevention and mitigation. To contribute to this debate, a study conducted by researchers from the Brazilian National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN) proposes a public policy focused on five fronts. These are: 1) professionalization of managers and officials in the area; 2) development of capacities adapted to regional specificities and to each biome; 3) allocation of their own budget to municipalities; 4) continuous ...

Flamingos standing serenely in a shallow alkaline lake with heads submerged may seem to be placidly feeding, but there's a lot going on under the surface. Through studies of Chilean flamingos in the Nashville Zoo and analysis of 3D printed models of their feet and L-shaped bills, researchers have documented how the birds use their feet, heads and beaks to create a storm of swirling tornados, or vortices, in the water to efficiently concentrate and slurp up their prey. "Flamingos are actually predators, they are actively looking for animals that are moving in the water, and the problem they face is how to concentrate these animals, to pull them together and ...

ST. LOUIS, MO, May 12, 2025 — The Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research (FFAR) and matching funders today awarded two Seeding Solutions grants totaling over $5 million to the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (Danforth Center) for crop development research. FFAR, the Danforth Center, Kansas State University, The Land Institute, the Perennial Agriculture Project and Saint Louis University provided $2,926,098 to a project accelerating the domestication of perennial crops, which are planted once and ...

How would you summarize your study for a lay audience?  Advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) includes cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, and ampullary carcinoma. BTC is a rare and aggressive group of cancers, carrying one of the worst prognoses in all of oncology. Only about 10% of patients survive beyond five years.  Although these cancers differ significantly depending on where they arise within the biliary system—a network of ducts that transports bile to aid digestion—most patients receive the same standard treatment: a combination ...