U.S. military spending reductions could substantially lower energy consumption
2025-07-02
A new analysis suggests that reductions in U.S. military spending could result in significant decreases in energy consumption by the Department of Defense, leading to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Ryan Thombs of Penn State University, U.S., and colleagues present these findings in the open-access journal PLOS Climate on July 2.
Of all the world’s institutions, the U.S. military produces the most greenhouse gas emissions. This occurs through such activities as maintaining bases, continual preparations and training, research and development, and transporting people, supplies, and weapons worldwide. According to military ...
Air pollution is linked to adverse birth outcomes in India
2025-07-02
Prenatal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and climatic factors, such as temperature and rainfall, are associated with adverse birth outcomes in India, according to a study published July 2nd, 2025, in the open-access journal PLOS Global Public Health by Mary Abed Al Ahad from the University of St Andrews, U.K.
Ambient air pollution poses a global threat to human health, with a disproportionate burden of its detrimental effects falling on those residing in low and middle-income countries. Referred to as the silent killer, ...
Using viral load tests to help predict mpox severity when skin lesions first appear
2025-07-02
In August 2024, the World Health Organization declared a second “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” for mpox. The current outbreak in Africa is driven mainly by the clade I variant, with multiple countries reporting their first-ever mpox cases of this more severe strain. Nagoya University researchers and their collaborators have found that measuring the amount of virus in the blood when skin lesions first appear can help predict whether patients will experience mild or severe progression of the disease. The study analyzes viral loads during early infection to predict how sick patients will get, potentially improving treatment strategies ...
Engineered cell cross-talk unlocks CAR-T potential against glioblastoma
2025-07-02
A team of researchers from the San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET, Milan), led by Nadia Coltella and Luigi Naldini, has unveiled a powerful strategy to rejuvenate the effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy against glioblastoma, one of the most lethal and treatment-resistant brain tumors. The findings, published in Science Translational Medicine, highlight how gene therapy targeting immune stimulating cytokines to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enabling their private cross-talk with CAR-T cells not only restores CAR-T killer activity but also boost a broader immune response that inhibits tumor growth and extends host ...
Regional disparities in US media coverage of archaeology research
2025-07-02
What archaeological discoveries are considered newsworthy by U.S. media outlets and audiences? A new analysis of “pop-science” reporting reveals topical and regional disparities, including an apparent underrepresentation of Chinese archaeology and preference for findings relevant to white Christian histories. The skewed coverage raises concerns as archaeology influences notions of identity and cultural achievement, and has been misappropriated by racist, nationalist ideologies.
Mass ...
Coral larvae travelling further makes populations stronger
2025-07-02
Understanding how far Great Barrier Reef corals are from their parents could be key to identifying and protecting at risk populations, University of Queensland research has found.
PhD candidate Zoe Meziere said well-connected coral populations had a better chance of adapting to climate change and other environmental pressures.
“Quantifying genetic connectivity can predict the fate of populations as more isolated reefs with lower levels of genetic variation are likely more vulnerable,” Ms Meziere said.
“Species that don’t disperse or breed as far are more likely to form isolated populations, reducing their capacity to recover from bleaching events ...
First of its kind study for children with arthritis reveals possible new disease targets
2025-07-02
A new groundbreaking study by researchers from University of Birmingham, UCL, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Birmingham Children’s Hospital has revealed important clues into what is driving disease in children with arthritis.
Cutting-edge techniques have allowed scientists for the first time to uncover the unique architecture of cells and signals inside the joint as inflammation takes hold.
The new study published in Science Translational Medicine looks at arthritis in children, caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking joints. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis affects more than 10,000 children in the UK. It causes swelling, ...
Financing innovation: proposal for novel adaptive platform trial fund offers new model for ALS drug development
2025-07-02
A team of researchers from the MIT Sloan School of Management, the Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Questrom School of Business at Boston University, and QLS Advisors have introduced a new approach to funding clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) therapies. The study “Financing Drug Development via Adaptive Platform Trials,” published today in PLOS One, outlines a financing model that merges the efficiencies of adaptive platform trials — lower costs and shorter durations — with an innovative royalty-based investment structure designed to accelerate therapeutic development ...
Disparities in treatment and referral after an opioid overdose among emergency department patients
2025-07-02
About The Study: In this study, Black patients were less likely to receive outpatient referrals for opioid use disorder. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address racial disparities in emergency department care for opioid use disorder, particularly in enhancing referral processes.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Siri Shastry, MD, MS, email Siri.Shastry@mountsinai.org.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.18569)
Editor’s Note: Please ...
Was Mars doomed to be a desert? Study proposes new explanation
2025-07-02
One of the great unsolved problems in modern planetary science is written on the surface of Mars.
Mars has canyons that were carved by rivers, so it was once warm enough for liquid water. How—and why—did it become it a barren desert today?
A study led by University of Chicago planetary scientist Edwin Kite puts forth a new explanation for why Mars never seems to stay balmy for long. Published July 2 in Nature, their model suggests that the periods of liquid water we see in the past were initiated by the sun brightening, and that conditions on Mars mean it ...
Study highlights major hurdles for multinational clinical trials in Europe
2025-07-02
Study Highlights Major Hurdles for Multinational Clinical Trials in Europe
A new study by investigators from Europe, including the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK), has shed light on significant ethical, administrative, regulatory, and logistical (EARL) hurdles in delivering multinational randomized clinical trials. The research was the first to comprehensively quantify these barriers for an international platform trial and emphasizes the need for urgent improvements, particularly in preparing for future public health crises.
Randomized controlled trials provide the highest level of evidence to inform medical practice. Yet, delivering such trials ...
Chemistry breakthrough has potential to make more effective cancer drugs with less harmful side effects
2025-07-02
Chemists have discovered for the first time a unique way to control and modify a type of compound widely used in medicines, including a drug used to treat breast cancer.
The research, led by the University of Bristol and published today in the journal Nature, also found a new mechanism associated with the chemical reaction which enables the shape of the compound to be flipped from being right-handed to left-handed by simply adding a common agent in the chemical reaction.
Study lead author Varinder Aggarwal, Professor of Synthetic Chemistry at the University of Bristol, said: “The findings change our understanding of the fundamental chemistry of this group of organic ...
Researchers identify new protein target to control chronic inflammation
2025-07-02
Chronic inflammation occurs when the immune system is stuck in attack-mode, sending cell after cell to defend and repair the body for months or even years. Diseases associated with chronic inflammation, like arthritis or cancer or autoimmune disorders, weigh heavily on human health—and experts anticipate their incidence is on the rise. A new study by investigators from Mass General Brigham identified a protein called WSTF that could be targeted to block chronic inflammation. Crucially, this strategy would not ...
Increasing contingency management incentives will help more patients recover from addiction
2025-07-02
Early recovery from drug addiction to opioids and stimulants is physically and mentally demanding, and a long road to recovery.
“During the early stages of addiction recovery there is typically not much that is positive for patients,” shares behavioral health counselor Carla J. Rash, Ph.D. of UConn School of Medicine. “But Contingency Management is an effective, behavioral tool bringing some early-on positivity to a patient’s addiction recovery treatment plan until the positive benefits of their medication and body’s natural recovery kicks-in.”
Rash adds, “Essentially, ...
Changes in the blood could protect against Alzheimer’s disease
2025-07-02
A study published in Cell Stem Cell reveals that some mutations in blood stem cells might help protect against late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.
A team led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that both a mouse model and people carrying blood stem cells with mutations in the gene TET2, but not in the gene DNMT3A, had a lower risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease. Their study proposes a mechanism that can protect against the disease and opens new avenues for potential strategies to control the emergence ...
New tool allows researchers to track assembly of cells’ protein-making machines
2025-07-02
Proteins are the infinitely varied chemicals that make cells work, and science has a pretty good idea how they are made. But a critical aspect underlying the machinery of protein manufacture has long been hidden inside a blobby cellular structure called the nucleolus.
Now, a team of Princeton engineers have developed a technique to peer inside the nucleolus and reveal this hidden system of creation. Previous methods required researchers to break open the cell and destroy most of its structures, resulting in minimal access to the blob’s inner workings. By tracking the movement of RNA molecules inside the nucleolus using advanced imaging and genomics techniques, ...
New genetic marker linked to improved survival with immunotherapy in ovarian and other cancers
2025-07-02
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma is difficult to treat, and treatment options are limited
Patients with specific PPP2R1A mutations in their tumors survived significantly longer after immunotherapy treatment
Targeting PPP2R1A may improve responses even further according to laboratory studies
PPP2R1A is an important predictive biomarker and possible treatment target for multiple cancer types, study found
HOUSTON, JULY 2, 2025 ― Patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) whose tumors have specific mutations in the PPP2R1A gene were found ...
AI that thinks like us – and could help explain how we think
2025-07-02
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have developed an artificial intelligence model that can simulate human behavior with remarkable accuracy. The language model, called Centaur, was trained on more than ten million decisions from psychological experiments – and makes decisions in ways that closely resemble those of real people. This opens new avenues for understanding human cognition and improving psychological theories.
For decades, psychology has aspired to explain the full complexity of human thought. Yet traditional models could either offer a transparent ...
The imitation game – why are some species better at fooling predators than others?
2025-07-02
Experts from the University of Nottingham have created life-size 3D-printed insect models to explore how some species trick predators into thinking they're more dangerous than they really are — and avoid being eaten as a result.
In the new study, published in Nature, a team of experts, led by Dr Tom Reader and Dr Christopher Taylor in the School of Life Sciences, used 3D printed models to investigate Batesian mimicry – a phenomenon where a harmless species evolves to resemble a harmful species, fooling ...
Gas leakage triggers wound healing in plants
2025-07-02
Scientists at the University of Helsinki discovered how plants heal their protective outer layer, the periderm. The diffusion of ethylene and oxygen through a wound triggers repair – a finding with potential implications for crop resilience, and food preservation.
All living organisms rely on protective barrier tissues to shield them from the environment. In plants, the periderm which forms the tough outer cork layer plays this role, helping to prevent water loss and block harmful microbes, for example in potato skin and tree bark. But what happens ...
Forging a novel therapeutic path for patients with Rett Syndrome using AI
2025-07-02
Forging a novel therapeutic path for patients with Rett Syndrome using AI
AI-enabled drug discovery approach identified potentially game-changing treatment which has been advanced from the lab bench to an FDA Orphan Drug Designation in record time
By Benjamin Boettner
(BOSTON) — Rett syndrome is a devastating rare genetic childhood disorder primarily affecting girls. Merely 1 out of 10,000 girls are born with it and much fewer boys. It is caused by mutations in the MeCP2 gene on the X chromosome, leading to a spectrum of cognitive and physical impairments, including ...
Global drought hotspots report catalogs severe suffering, economic damage in 2023-2025
2025-07-02
Fuelled by climate change and relentless pressure on land and water resources, some of the most widespread and damaging drought events in recorded history have taken place since 2023, according to a UN-backed report launched today.
Prepared by the U.S. National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), with support from the International Drought Resilience Alliance (IDRA), the report, "Drought Hotspots Around the World 2023-2025," provides a comprehensive account of how droughts compound poverty, ...
Study: To battle tip fatigue, businesses should make their service efforts visible
2025-07-02
PULLMAN, Wash. -- As customers face more and more prompts to add a tip to the bill in places where gratuities were not customary only a few years ago—and often before any service has been rendered—their attitudes toward the practice have turned sharply negative.
“Businesses should seriously consider whether they want to offer that tipping request,” said Ruiying Cai, an assistant professor in the WSU’s Carson College of Business and co-author of a new study published in the International Journal of Hospitality ...
This spongy material and the sun’s power remove salt from seawater
2025-07-02
Most of Earth’s water is in the oceans and too salty to drink. Desalination plants can make seawater drinkable, but they require large amounts of energy. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Energy Letters have developed a sponge-like material with long, microscopic air pockets that uses sunlight and a simple plastic cover to turn saltwater into freshwater. A proof-of-concept test outdoors successfully produced potable water in natural sunlight in a step toward low-energy, sustainable desalination.
This isn’t the first time scientists have created spongy materials that use sunlight as ...
Nearly 1 in 6 older adults take aspirin despite no history of heart disease
2025-07-02
Around 1 in 6 older adults take aspirin as their primary method of preventing cardiovascular disease – despite stricter guidelines that no longer always call for it, a study finds.
Almost one-quarter of those aspirin users started taking the medication without a physician recommendation and 8% had not discussed their use with any health care provider.
The results, published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, come from a survey of more than 2,500 adults aged ...
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