A new study based on the sampling and analysis of volcanic ash at Cumbre Vieja volcano in the Canary Islands, located off Africa’s northwest coast, suggests that the composition of magma could drive tremors during volcanic eruptions. The findings, which are detailed today in the journal Nature Geoscience in a paper led by scientists at the American Museum of Natural History and the City University of New York (CUNY), highlight the potential of volcanic ash analysis as a monitoring and forecasting tool.  “The volcano research community has gotten ...

A new study published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences has found that ocean warming in 2024 has led to new record high temperatures. The ocean is the hottest it has ever been recorded by humans, not only at the surface temperature but also for the upper 2000 meters. “The broken records in the ocean have become a broken record.” Said Prof. Lijing Cheng with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He led a team of 54 scientists from 7 countries and discussed how ...

In today’s world, telecommunications and global connectivity have witnessed an unprecedented increase, making intercultural communication an unavoidable reality. A concerning aspect of such communication is the element of cultural and linguistic diversity between people. However, there is very little consensus on whether cultural diversity truly matters in intercultural communications or if it simply promotes miscommunication. “In academic literature, culture tends to be approached in a dichotomous stance, either through a lens of miscommunication or is considered an altogether irrelevant construct when it ...

A new analysis of U.S. mortality data reveals the disproportionate impact of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) on older adults, males and certain racial and ethnic groups. The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Brain Injury, provides a comprehensive analysis of TBI-related deaths across different population groups across the U.S. in 2021. The findings indicate that suicides remain the most common cause of TBI-related deaths, followed by unintentional falls, and specific groups are disproportionately affected by these tragedies. Men, in particular, were found to be most likely to die from a TBI – more than three times ...

Oral cancer is an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide, with over 300,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Among oral cancers, tongue cancer (TC) is the most common type and often carries a poor prognosis. Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy is one of the main lines of treatment for high-risk cases of TC. However, recurrence rates are high since the tumors can reestablish themselves from only a few surviving cells. A few surviving cells are referred to as minimal residual disease (MRD). Understanding the mechanisms behind MRD formation is paramount to improving treatment outcomes ...

With the intensification of global population aging, muscle atrophy, characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function, has become an important health issue affecting the elderly. Researchers have widely used various animal and cellular models to gain a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle atrophy and develop effective treatment strategies (Figure 1). These models simulate human muscle atrophy through different induction methods, such as natural aging, gene editing, nutritional changes, physical activity, chronic wasting diseases, ...

Group Activity Recognition (GAR), which aims to identify activities performed collectively in videos, has gained significant attention recently. Existing GAR datasets typically annotate only a single Group Activity (GA) instance per sample, carefully selected from original videos. This approach, while precise, diverges significantly from real-world contexts, which often involve multiple GA instances. Moreover, single word-level annotations are insufficient to encapsulate the complex semantic information in GA, thereby constraining the expansion and ...

Researchers have developed a transfer learning-enhanced physics-informed neural network (TLE-PINN) for predicting melt pool morphology in selective laser melting (SLM). This novel approach combines physics-informed constraints with deep learning techniques, achieving superior accuracy, faster training times, and reduced computational demands. Published in Advanced Manufacturing, this breakthrough has significant potential to improve the efficiency of SLM processes, enable intelligent real-time process control, and enhance manufacturing quality. Selective Laser Melting ...

In the quest to address contemporary health challenges and advance medical science, the concept of Holistic Integrative Medicine (HIM) emerges as a pivotal approach. This paradigm emphasizes the integration of medical knowledge and practices, advocating for a shift from traditional, fragmented medical models to a more comprehensive and human-centered system. HIM represents a conscious evolution in medical thought, aiming to align with the holistic needs of patients and the complex dynamics of health and disease. It underscores the importance of dimensionality reduction and differentiation as ...

Electron transport in bilayer graphene exhibits a pronounced dependence on edge states and a nonlocal transport mechanism, according to a recent study led by Professor Gil-Ho Lee and Ph.D. candidate Hyeon-Woo Jeong of POSTECH’s Department of Physics, in collaboration with Dr. Kenji Watanabe and Dr. Takashi Taniguchi at Japan’s National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS). The findings were published in the international nanotechnology journal Nano Letters. Bilayer graphene, comprising two vertically stacked graphene layers, can exploit externally applied electric fields ...

MINNEAPOLIS – The American Academy of Neurology announces today its newest journal, Neurology® Open Access, which joins the flagship journal Neurology® and its four subspecialty journals. The new online peer-reviewed journal publishes original research articles, scholarly reviews, case reports and study protocols in all areas of neurology and the clinical neurosciences. Editor-in-Chief of Neurology® José G. Merino, MD, MPhil, FAAN, FAHA, said, “The new journal complements the lineup of the Neurology® ...

An independent study by researchers from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) suggests the Palestinian Ministry of Health in Gaza underreported the death toll due to violence by approximately 41%. The LSHTM study estimated 64,260 traumatic injury deaths in Gaza between 7 October 2023 and 30 June 2024 compared to the 37,877 reported by the Palestinian Ministry of Health. The findings, published in The Lancet, indicate that approximately 3% of the population of Gaza has died due to violence with an analysis showing ...

MIAMI, FLORIDA (EMBARGOED UNTIL JAN. 9, 2025 AT 6:30 P.M. EST) – Even though lung and related cancer deaths decreased in the world’s 10 most populous countries from 1990 to 2019, these positive statistics do not address trends in mortality linked to tobacco use, air pollution and asbestos exposure. Those areas need ongoing policy measures and research to further reduce deaths, according to a new study from researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, part of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and collaborating organizations. Their study, published in eClinicalMedicine, ...

A series of more than 100 small earthquakes in Surrey in 2018 and 2019 might have been triggered by oil extraction from a nearby well, suggests a new study by UCL researchers. The earthquakes, which occurred in Newdigate and surrounding areas from April 2018 until early 2019, were recorded as being between 1.34 and 3.18 magnitude, and were linked to cracks in walls and ceilings and other damage to people’s homes, with reports of houses and beds shaking. Geologists have been divided over whether these earthquakes could have been triggered by extraction at the Horse Hill well in Horley about 5km ...

Launch of world’s most significant protein study set to usher in new understanding for medicine  Strict embargo: 00.01 (GMT), Friday 10 January 2025  UK Biobank has today announced the launch of the world’s most comprehensive study of the proteins circulating in our bodies, which will transform the study of diseases and their treatments. This unparalleled project aspires to measure up to 5,400 proteins in each of 600,000 samples, including those taken from half a million UK Biobank participants and 100,000 second samples taken from these volunteers up to 15 years later.  This will ...

Orange, California - January 9, 2025: A new study led by scientists in the Schmid College of Science and Technology at Chapman University provides the first comprehensive global estimates of the amount of water stored in Earth’s plants and the amount of time it takes for that water to flow through them. The information is a missing piece of the puzzle in  understanding the global water cycle and how that cycle is being altered by changes in land use and climate.  The study, published today, January 9, in the journal ...

On December 24th, AES Andes, a subsidiary of the US power company AES Corporation, submitted a project for a massive industrial complex for environmental impact assessment. This complex threatens the pristine skies above ESO’s Paranal Observatory in Chile’s Atacama Desert, the darkest and clearest of any astronomical observatory in the world [1]. The industrial megaproject is planned to be located just 5 to 11 kilometres from telescopes at Paranal, which would cause irreparable damage to astronomical observations, in particular due to light pollution emitted throughout the project’s operational life. Relocating the complex would save one ...

Irvine, Calif., Jan. 9, 2025 — An international research team led by the University of California, Irvine has discovered a new type of skeletal tissue that offers great potential for advancing regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.   Most cartilage relies on an external extracellular matrix for strength, but “lipocartilage,” which is found in the ears, nose and throat of mammals, is uniquely packed with fat-filled cells called “lipochondrocytes” that provide super-stable internal support, enabling ...

Manufacturers increasingly but still infrequently follow Food and Drug Administration guidance that recommends testing pulse oximeters on participants with a range of skin pigmentations, according to a new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The FDA made the recommendation in 2013, following reports that pulse oximeters—devices that measure blood-oxygen levels by shining light through the skin—can be less accurate when used on people with dark skin and that undetected low oxygen levels are more common ...

MINNEAPOLIS – Press registration is now open for journalists who wish to attend the 77th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN). The 2025 AAN Annual Meeting will be held from April 5-9 in San Diego and online. The AAN Annual Meeting brings together thousands of neurologists and neuroscience professionals, offering the latest in scientific discoveries and advances in neurological research. There will be over 3,200 abstracts covering 25 neurology topics and specialties. The meeting will include late-breaking research, key lectures and more than ...

Anita Say Chan, an associate professor in the School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, has authored a new book that identifies how the eugenics movement foreshadows the predatory data tactics used in today's tech industry. Her book, Predatory Data: Eugenics in Big Tech and Our Fight for an Independent Future, was released this month by the University of California Press. Over a century ago, the eugenics movement sought to eliminate "undesirable" traits in society through selective breeding (sterilization). It was biased against marginalized groups ...

EL PASO, Texas (Jan. 9, 2025) – If building strength and muscle mass is part of your New Year’s Resolution, you may want to add a new routine to your workout. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), or electrical muscle stimulation for short, uses electrical currents to contract muscles. The stimulation devices are easy to use and widely available on the market, according to Sudip Bajpeyi, Ph.D., a professor in the Department of Kinesiology at The University of Texas at El Paso, but he has often wondered, “Can these stimulators offer ...

The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture (UTIA) has received a $210,000 grant from USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) to support ongoing integrated pest management (IPM) programs across Tennessee.   An environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that emphasizes affordability and long-term sustainability, IPM practices have been implemented statewide courtesy of UT Extension specialists in fields such as agronomy, weed management, entomology, plant pathology, soil health and pesticide education. The recently ...

Key takeaways Both intuition and past research suggest that whether people deem someone trustworthy depends on that person’s past behavior and reputation for betrayal. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that subjects regarded those who previously exhibited that behavior as less trustworthy. However, when the betrayal benefited them or had no effect on them, participants regarded the betrayer as trustworthy.  This pattern was largely consistent across the types of relationships studied: friendships, romantic relationships and professional relationships. Imagine this scenario: Two people cheat on their partners with each other ...

UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella is a serious public health concern that has increased in recent years as the bacteria have developed ways to survive drugs. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, people can get Salmonella from eating contaminated food products or from infected people or animals — typically via unintentional contact with feces via touching hands or stroking a pet. However, a team of Penn State researchers have found that household dogs are an overlooked transmission point for zoonotic pathogens such as nontyphoidal Salmonella, which can cause diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps, with some ...