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£18 million for DARE UK to support secure research on sensitive data

2024-09-18
London, United Kingdom, 18 September 2024 – UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), the UK’s largest public funder of research, has confirmed funding for a new phase of the DARE UK (Data and Analytics Research Environments UK) programme with up to £18.2 million made available over 2.5 years. Starting this month, Phase 2 of the DARE UK programme will bring together Trusted Research Environments (TREs) across the UK to test and build new capabilities for a connected national network of secure data ...

New study unveils the impact of mutations in the calcium release channel on muscle diseases

New study unveils the impact of mutations in the calcium release channel on muscle diseases
2024-09-18
The type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is an important calcium release channel in skeletal muscles essential for muscle contraction. It mediates calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, a calcium-storing organelle in muscle cells, a process vital for muscle function. Mutations in the RyR1 gene can affect the channel's function in extremely contrasting ways leading to severe muscle diseases such as malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease (CCD). MH is an inherited disease that causes high fever and muscle contractures in response to inhalational anesthetics in patients with gain-of-function RyR1 variants. CCD is one ...

Scientists quantify energetic costs of the migratory lifestyle in a free flying songbird

Scientists quantify energetic costs of the migratory lifestyle in a free flying songbird
2024-09-18
Millions of birds migrate every year to escape winter, but spending time in a warmer climate does not save them energy, according to research by the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior (MPI-AB). Using miniaturized loggers implanted in wild blackbirds, scientists recorded detailed measurements of heart rate and body temperature from birds every 30 minutes from fall to the following spring—the first time the physiology of free flying birds has been quantified continuously at this scale over the entire wintering period. The data offer unprecedented insights into the true energetic costs of migrant and resident strategies and reveal a previously unknown mechanism used by migrants to ...

Understanding changes in pre-clinical Alzheimer’s disease

Understanding changes in pre-clinical Alzheimer’s disease
2024-09-18
Amyloid-beta and tau proteins have long been associated with Alzheimer’s disease. The pathological buildup of these proteins leads to cognitive decline in people with the disease. How it does that, though, remains poorly understood.   A new study from the labs of Sylvain Baillet at The Neuro and Sylvia Villeneuve at the Douglas Research Centre provides important insight into how these proteins impact brain activity and possibly contribute to cognitive decline.   The team led by Jonathan Gallego Rudolf, a Ph.D. candidate in Baillet and Villeneuve’s ...

Constriction junction, do you function?

Constriction junction, do you function?
2024-09-18
UPTON, N.Y. — Scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory have shown that a type of qubit whose architecture is more amenable to mass production can perform comparably to qubits currently dominating the field. With a series of mathematical analyses, the scientists have provided a roadmap for simpler qubit fabrication that enables robust and reliable manufacturing of these quantum computer building blocks. This research was conducted as part of the Co-design Center for ...

Early dingoes are related to dogs from New Guinea and East Asia

Early dingoes are related to dogs from New Guinea and East Asia
2024-09-18
New archaeological research by the University of Sydney has discovered for the first time clear links between fossils of the iconic Australian dingo, and dogs from East Asia and New Guinea.  The remarkable findings suggest that the dingo came from East Asia via Melanesia, and challenges previous claims that it derived from pariah dogs of India or Thailand.   Previous studies used traditional morphometric analysis – which looks at the size and shape of the animal using callipers – ...

$1 million grant to fund research of nerve regeneration in multiple sclerosis patients

$1 million grant to fund research of nerve regeneration in multiple sclerosis patients
2024-09-18
The National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) has awarded a grant of 1 million dollars to Dr. Isabel Pérez-Otaño, who leads the Plasticity and Remodeling of Neural Circuits laboratory at the Institute for Neurosciences (IN), a joint center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the Miguel Hernández University (UMH) of Elche. The grant is part of the NMSS 'Pathways to Cure' program that funds innovative therapeutic approaches to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). The team will work on identifying mechanisms that mediate a special kind of brain plasticity, known as myelin plasticity. The goal is to find ways to stimulate  myelin plasticity ...

New tool to assess equity in scholarly communication models

2024-09-18
[Strasbourg, 18th September 2024] A new online tool designed to assess the equity of scholarly communication models is launched today at the OASPA 2024 conference. The “How Equitable Is It” tool, developed by a multi-stakeholder Working Group, comprising librarians, library consortia representatives, funders and publishers, and convened by cOAlition S, Jisc and PLOS, aims to provide a framework for evaluating scholarly communication models and arrangements on the axis of equity. The tool, which was inspired by the “How Open Is It?” framework, is targeted at institutions, library consortia, ...

Research shows finger counting may help improve math skills in kindergarten

2024-09-18
Preschool teachers have different views on finger counting. Some teachers consider finger counting use in children to signal that they are struggling with math, while others associate its use as advanced numerical knowledge. In a new Child Development study, researchers at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland and Lea.fr, Editions Nathan in Paris, France, explored whether a finger counting strategy can help kindergarten-aged children solve arithmetic problems.  Adults rarely use their fingers to calculate a small sum (e.g., 3+2) as such behaviors could be attributed to pathological difficulties in mathematics or cognitive impairments. However, young children between ...

Proteins in meat, milk, and other foods suppress gut tumors

Proteins in meat, milk, and other foods suppress gut tumors
2024-09-18
Researchers led by Hiroshi Ohno at the RIKEN Center for Integrative medical sciences (IMS) in Japan have discovered that food antigens like milk proteins help keep tumors from growing in our guts, specifically the small intestines. Experiments revealed how these proteins trigger the intestinal immune system, allowing it to effectively stop the birth of new tumors. The study was published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Immunology on Sep. 18. Food antigens get a lot of negative press because they are the source of allergic reactions to foods such as peanuts, shellfish, bread, eggs, and ...

Measuring how much wood a wood shuck shucks with all-new wood shuck food

Measuring how much wood a wood shuck shucks with all-new wood shuck food
2024-09-18
Researchers want to transform the natural and abundant resource wood into useful materials, and central to that is a molecular machine found in fungi that decomposes the complex raw material into its basic components. A Kobe University researcher and his team now were the first to come up with a test feed for the fungal molecular machine that allows them to observe its close-to-natural action, opening the door to improving it and to putting it to industrial application. Biochemical engineers want to transform the abundant and renewable material wood into bioplastics, medically relevant chemicals, food additives or fuel. ...

AACR Cancer Progress Report highlights innovative research, novel treatments, and powerful patient stories

2024-09-18
PHILADELPHIA – Today, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) released the 14th edition of its annual Cancer Progress Report. This comprehensive report provides the latest statistics on cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship. It also outlines how basic, translational, and clinical cancer research and cancer-related population sciences—largely supported by federal investments in the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Centers for Disease ...

How do exogenous additives affect the direction of heavy metals and the preservation of nitrogen in pig manure compost?

How do exogenous additives affect the direction of heavy metals and the preservation of nitrogen in pig manure compost?
2024-09-18
Most of the heavy metals in pig manure originate from feed additives, such as copper and zinc. When these heavy metals are introduced into agricultural soil, they can significantly increase the heavy metal content in crops, posing a threat to both the environment and human health. While pig manure is rich in nitrogen, an essential nutrient for crop growth, a substantial amount of nitrogen is lost in gaseous form during the composting process, impacting the quality of the compost. Moreover, this process results in the emission of ...

Breakthrough in fertility treatment: Prostaglandin receptors found to promote embryo implantation

Breakthrough in fertility treatment: Prostaglandin receptors found to promote embryo implantation
2024-09-18
A team from Kumamoto University has uncovered a new mechanism that could revolutionize infertility care by promoting embryo implantation. The discovery focuses on prostaglandin (PG) receptors in the uterus that enhance the critical process of decidualization, which is necessary for a successful pregnancy. This finding opens the door to developing new fertility treatments that target these receptors. Prostaglandins are bioactive lipids known for their role in body’s response to injury by causing fever and pain, but they are also crucial in reproductive ...

What numbers do you see? A new bistable perceptual phenomenon on symbolic numbers

What numbers do you see? A new bistable perceptual phenomenon on symbolic numbers
2024-09-18
Perceptual recognition of numerical characters, like Arabic numerals, is indispensable for our daily activities in the modern society. Studying the perceptual and neural mechanisms that endow us with the ability to understand those characters is an important scientific topic. In this project, researchers explored a bistable perceptual phenomenon of a specially designed character named occluded digital numeral, to get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the perceptual recognition of numbers. The digital numeral is a special version of number fonts designed for application in electronic products ...

Quantum speedup and limitations on matroid property problems

Quantum speedup and limitations on matroid property problems
2024-09-18
Quantum computers show advantages over classical computers in some problems, such as unordered data base searching and prime factorization. Finding more problems that can take quantum speedup has become one of the focus problems in quantum computing. Before this, there is no research work on the quantum query complexity and quantum algorithm for matroid problems. It is interesting and meaningful to search for structures that can take quantum advantage in matroid problems. In order to study the possibility and limitation of acceleration of quantum computing in matroid problems, a ...

Unravelling an ancient European extinction mystery: Disappearance of dwarf megafauna on palaeolithic Cyprus

Unravelling an ancient European extinction mystery: Disappearance of dwarf megafauna on palaeolithic Cyprus
2024-09-18
Scientists have unravelled a mystery about the disappearance of dwarf hippos and elephants that once roamed the picturesque landscape on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus before palaeolithic humans arrived. Cyprus only had two species of megafauna present during the Late Pleistocene — the 500-kg dwarf elephant (Palaeoloxodon cypriotes), and the 130-kg dwarf hippo (Phanourios minor), but both species disappeared soon after humans arrived around 14,000 years ago. In examining the reasons behind the extinction of these prehistoric animals, research funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research and Innovation Foundation ...

Highly-sensitive beaks could help albatrosses and penguins find their food

Highly-sensitive beaks could help albatrosses and penguins find their food
2024-09-18
Researchers have discovered that seabirds, including penguins and albatrosses, have highly-sensitive regions in their beaks that could be used to help them find food. This is the first time this ability has been identified in seabirds. An international team of researchers, led by the University of Cambridge, studied over 350 species of modern birds and found that seabirds have a high density of sensory receptors and nerves at the tip of their beaks, which has been previously identified in specialised tactile foragers such as ducks. The researchers say this touch-sensitive region could have come from a common ancestor, and further work is needed to determine ...

Self-reporting of health may lead to underestimation of health inequalities in England

2024-09-17
UNDER STRICT EMBARGO UNTIL TUESDAY 17 SEPTEMBER 23:15 UK TIME (BST).   Self-reporting of health may lead to underestimation of health inequalities in England  Peer reviewed | Observational study | People     A first-of-its kind analysis of data collected from England’s annual health survey found that of the people who reported their health as ‘poor’, those living in areas of high deprivation are likely to have worse health than those living in the least deprived areas.    This could mean that we are ...

New research shows how oral cancer cells avoid immune system

2024-09-17
Macquarie University researchers have discovered new information about how oral cancer cells may block the body's immune response. This could lead to better treatments for this aggressive disease. Their research, published in the Journal of Oral Biosciences this month, looked at protein interactions in oral cancer cells that might stop our immune cells from attacking these tumours. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in Australia and the most common in India. Advanced forms of oral cancer are hard to treat, with patients typically surviving less than 12 months. Lead author Dr Rajdeep Chakraborty from Applied Biosciences ...

Abnormal electrolyte levels in people with eating disorders may increase risk of death, poor health outcomes

Abnormal electrolyte levels in people with eating disorders may increase risk of death, poor health outcomes
2024-09-17
Ottawa, ON, September 17, 2024 – A new study published in The Lancet Psychiatry found that 32% of individuals with an eating disorder had abnormal electrolyte levels, which were associated with a higher risk of death from any cause.  The study, led by researchers at ICES and The Ottawa Hospital, found that electrolyte abnormalities were also linked to the development of other serious health conditions, including chronic kidney disease, bone fracture, bowel obstruction, and acute kidney injury.  This is one of the first large, population-based studies to identify an important risk factor for mortality and poor health outcomes in individuals ...

No major concerns about risks to offspring for would-be dads taking epilepsy meds

2024-09-17
Would-be dads taking drugs to stop their epilepsy seizures—and valproate in particular—should be largely reassured that the available evidence on the developmental risks to their offspring doesn’t justify any major concerns, concludes a systematic review of relevant studies published online in the Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. The available evidence is scarce and inconsistent, but most studies indicate no heightened risk, the findings show, casting doubt on the stance taken by the UK drugs regulator, the MHRA, in particular, say ...

Fifth of GPs using AI despite lack of guidance or clear work policies, UK survey suggests

2024-09-17
A fifth of family doctors (GPs) seem to have readily incorporated AI into their clinical practice, despite a lack of any formal guidance or clear work policies on the use of these tools, suggest the findings of an online UK-wide snapshot survey, published in the open access journal BMJ Health & Care Informatics. Doctors and medical trainees need to be fully informed about the pros and cons of AI, especially because of the inherent risks of inaccuracies (‘hallucinations’), algorithmic biases, and the potential to compromise patient privacy, ...

Novel triplet regimen yields promising response in advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia

2024-09-17
HOUSTON ― According to researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 80% of patients with previously untreated or relapsed/refractory advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) – including both accelerated or myeloid blast phases of the disease – or Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) achieved a bone marrow remission when treated with a novel combination of decitabine, venetoclax and ponatinib. Findings from the Phase II clinical trial, published today in The Lancet Haematology, represent an important step forward for patients ...

‘Scuba-diving’ lizards use bubble to breathe underwater and avoid predators

‘Scuba-diving’ lizards use bubble to breathe underwater and avoid predators
2024-09-17
BINGHAMTON, N.Y. -- Presenting the world’s smallest (and scrappiest) scuba diver: A species of semi-aquatic lizard produces a special bubble over its nostrils to breathe underwater and avoid predators, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York.  Lindsey Swerk, an assistant research professor of biological sciences at Binghamton University, studies water anoles, a type of semi-aquatic lizard found in the tropical forests of southern Costa Rica. She had previously documented the lizards using a bubble underwater. When these lizards feel threatened by a predator, ...
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