Energy scarcity is a central driver of animal behavior and evolution. The amazing diversity of life on this planet is a testament to the plethora of novel biological solutions to the problem of securing and maintaining energy. However, despite being so central to biology, it remains difficult to quantify, and thereby empirically analyze, energy consumption. While organisms use energy for a very wide variety of processes – from growth to cognition – one activity is a major drain for many animals: movement. For highly mobile animals, movement is as such a powerful lens through which to estimate ...

Mapping soybean cultivation with high precision is crucial for maximizing agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. However, conventional methods often struggle with regional inconsistencies and require extensive datasets. A breakthrough study has introduced the Spectral Gaussian Mixture Model (SGMM), a novel approach that leverages key physiological traits—such as chlorophyll content and canopy greenness—to dramatically enhance classification accuracy. Validated across four major soybean-producing regions, SGMM sets a new standard for global crop monitoring, offering a scalable, efficient, and ...

About The Study: The results of this randomized clinical trial support use of metformin for treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in people with overweight or obesity. Because of the modest sample size, confirmation in a larger clinical trial is warranted. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Flavia M. Cicuttini, PhD, email flavia.cicuttini@monash.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jama.2025.3471) Editor’s ...

A common diabetes drug can reduce the pain of people with knee osteoarthritis and overweight or obesity, possibly delaying the need for knee replacements, Monash University-led research has found. Metformin, which is commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes, reduced knee arthritis pain over six months in a clinical trial published in JAMA. The randomised clinical trial looked at whether metformin, compared to a placebo, reduced knee pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) and overweight or obesity. The research was performed entirely as a community-based study using telehealth. Some of ...

Most people living in cities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries can reach primary care clinics within 30 minutes – yet average quality of care remains poor with clinicians failing to make correct diagnoses or implement appropriate treatments, new studies reveal.   The costs of providing services vary significantly and while most people report low out-of-pocket expenses, a minority face catastrophic health costs. Patients often bypass closer, cheaper clinics to access higher-quality care, even if it means traveling further and ...

There is no difference over time in the spatial working memory of older people who have autistic traits and those who are neurotypical, finds a new study led by UCL researchers. The new research, published in The Gerontologist, is the first study to explore age-related rate of decline in spatial working memory in older people who may be autistic. Spatial working memory helps people to remember and use information about where things are and how they are arranged. It is typically used for tasks that involve navigating spaces or organising objects. As people get older, spatial working memory can sometimes become less effective, which is an example of cognitive decline. This ...

ALBANY, N.Y. (April 24, 2025) — A new study published by researchers at the University at Albany has presented the first documented evidence that Adirondack surface waters made a near full recovery from metal pollution since the enactment of the Clean Air Act. Originally passed in 1963 and amended in subsequent decades, the Clean Air Act was one of the first major pieces of environmental legislation in the U.S., intended to reduce and control air pollution nationwide. The Adirondack Park was a prime target for the legislation, with decades of acid rain damage impacting the region’s ...

Every breath we take, every meal we eat, and every environment we encounter leaves a molecular fingerprint in our bodies—a hidden record of our lifelong exposures. In this week’s edition of the journal Science(link is external and opens in a new window), leading researchers in the field of exposomics explain how cutting-edge technologies are unlocking this biological archive, ushering in a new era of disease prevention and personalized medicine. The scientists lay out a roadmap to overcome technical and logistical challenges and realize the field’s full potential. Exposomics ...

A group of Brazilian researchers has, for the first time in the entire Atlantic Rainforest, estimated the population density of the five deer species of the biome. This allowed them to measure the main factors that influence the number of deer per square kilometer (km²) in forest areas. The results suggest a strong relationship between the low animal densities and human pressures such as hunting, predation by domestic dogs, livestock-borne diseases, and competition with wild boar, an invasive species that consumes the same resources as deer. The study was published in ...

Bad habits such as smoking, heavy drinking and lack of exercise must be tackled as early as possible to boost the odds of a happy and healthy old age. That is the message of a new peer-reviewed study, published in the Annals of Medicine (Elevate), that found smoking and other vices are associated with declines in health in people as young as 36. The impact is even greater when these bad habits are indulged in over the long-term, state experts whose study tracked the mental and physical health of hundreds of people for more than 30 years. Previous research has followed people from middle-age, typically for around 20 years.  Studies to-date have shown that smoking and other ...

Researchers have long recognized that quantum communication systems would transmit quantum information more faithfully and be impervious to certain forms of error if nonlinear optical processes were used. However, past efforts at incorporating such processes could not operate with the extremely low light levels required for quantum communication. Now, a team at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign has improved the technology by basing the nonlinear process on an indium-gallium-phosphide nanophotonic platform. The result is substantially more efficient than prior systems, meaning that it requires much less light and operates all the way down to single photons, ...

Lateral flow tests have transformed global healthcare by enabling rapid disease detection and improving access to medical diagnostics.  However, their widespread, single-use design is creating an environmental crisis.  A new study published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organisation (WHO) calls for urgent action to limit plastic waste in these essential diagnostic tools. Researchers from Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh propose limiting how much plastic is used in test kits to curb unnecessary plastic waste.  Their ...

Local authorities must do more to prepare communities in British Columbia for the dangers of extreme heat, according to a new research paper from Simon Fraser University.  Four years after the infamous 2021 heat dome, which killed more than 600 people in B.C. alone, the ground-breaking study found significant differences in how municipalities within the Metro Vancouver and Fraser Valley regional districts are preparing for heat events.    While municipalities with larger populations and more financial resources are generally ...

National Foundation for Cancer Research Congratulates Dr. Rakesh Jain on AACR Lifetime Achievement Award Rockville, MD — The National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) proudly congratulates Dr. Rakesh K. Jain—pioneering cancer researcher, educator, and longtime NFCR-supported scientist—on receiving the 2025 AACR Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research. The honor, presented by the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), recognizes Dr. Jain’s profound impact on the understanding and treatment ...

Soil health hinges more on how agricultural land is managed than whether the farming system is organic or conventional, according to a new study showing that farms with more intensive management have lower overall soil functionality. The findings argue that optimizing yield whilst lowering management intensity – what the authors call "productive deintensification" – may be a more sustainable path forward that could boost soil health across diverse farming practices. Soils play a critical role in supporting ...

The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in U.S. dairy cattle can be traced to a single spillover event from a wild bird, researchers report, raising concern over growing pandemic risks as the virus evolves and leaps between species. HPAI viruses pose serious threats to animal health, agriculture, and potentially human health due to their ability to cross species barriers. A specific strain, H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, has spread globally, infecting wild birds, poultry and, mammals – including a small number of humans – underscoring ...

A rare carnivorous caterpillar, previously unknown to biologists, stalks spiderwebs for food whilst dressed in the remains of its prey, researcher report. This unique new species, dubbed the “bone collector,” is found only on a single mountainside on the Hawai’ian island of Oa’hu. Hawai’i’s geographic isolation has given rise to uniquely adapted invertebrates, including several species of carnivorous caterpillars like the Hawaiian inchworm (Eupithecia spp.). However, the vast majority of Lepidoptera species are herbivorous; predatory caterpillars comprise roughly 0.1% of the nearly 200,000 moth and butterfly species currently known. Here, Daniel Rubinoff ...

  A new low-energy chemical recycling method using boron and gallium can convert common silicone waste into useful chlorosilanes with high efficiency and yield. The method offers a promising new chemical pathway toward circularity in silicone materials, addressing both resource sustainability and emissions reductions in the industry. Prized for their durability, heat and chemical resistance, and low toxicity, silicone polymers are found in countless everyday products, ranging from medical devices to car parts. Each year, millions of tons of silicone are produced globally. Producing silicones is highly energy-intensive, ...

A protein identified nearly 40 years ago for its ability to stimulate the production of red blood cells plays a surprising, critical role in dampening the immune system’s response to cancer. Blocking the activity of the protein turns formerly “cold,” or immune-resistant, liver tumors in mice into “hot” tumors teeming with cancer-fighting immune cells. When combined with an immunotherapy that further activates these immune cells against the cancer, the treatment led to complete regression of existing liver tumors in most mice. Treated animals lived for the duration of the experiment. In contrast, control animals survived only a few weeks. “This ...

A study conducted by CNRS1 researchers describes a new method of recycling silicone waste (caulk, sealants, gels, adhesives, cosmetics, etc.). It has the potential to significantly reduce the sector’s environmental impacts. This is the first universal recycling process that brings any type of used silicone material back to an earlier state in its life cycle where each molecule has only one silicon atom. And there is no need for the raw materials currently used to design new silicones. Moreover, since it is chemical and not mechanical ...

A simple consultation during unrelated visits to the emergency room can help patients with high blood pressure — “the silent killer” — manage the condition, even before they experience symptoms, according to new research from the University of Illinois Chicago.   Also known as hypertension, high blood pressure is often called the silent killer because noticeable symptoms usually appear only when the disease has already progressed to serious complications.  For the study, published in JAMA Cardiology, UIC researchers enrolled more than 500 patients with elevated ...

If administered early, gene therapy has the potential to change the medical history of children born with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), a rare and lethal neurodegenerative disease of genetic origin which leads to the progressive loss of the ability to walk, talk and interact. This was confirmed by a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine which showed that the therapy, if administered early, is able to preserve motor function and cognitive abilities in most patients.. The study was conducted on 39 children with MLD at the San Raffaele Hospital in ...

Researchers from the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (ECOG-ACRIN) have applied AI-driven processes for detecting tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in thousands of digital images of melanoma tumor tissue, significantly enhancing TLS identification and survival predictions for operable stage III/IV patients. The presence of TLS, a key biomarker for better prognosis and improved survival, is not yet a standard part of patients’ pathology reports, and manual detection is labor-intensive and can be variable. Lead investigators Ahmad A. Tarhini, MD, PhD, and Xuefeng Wang, PhD, will present the new approach at ...

About The Study: Based on estimates from this modeling study, declining childhood vaccination rates will increase the frequency and size of outbreaks of previously eliminated vaccine-preventable infections, eventually leading to their return to endemic levels. The timing and critical threshold for returning to endemicity will differ substantially by disease, with measles likely to be the first to return to endemic levels and may occur even under current vaccination levels without improved vaccine coverage and public health response. These findings support the need to continue routine childhood ...

The National Academy of Inventors (NAI) released the 2024 Top 100 U.S. Universities Granted U.S. Utility Patents List today. Released annually, the Top 100 U.S. Universities ranking highlights and celebrates U.S. academic institutions that play a large role in advancing innovation through the critical step of securing their intellectual property through patents. This enables and empowers them to translate their inventions, bringing important technologies to the marketplace, bolstering the economy and creating tangible societal solutions.  “In the ever-evolving innovation landscape, it is imperative that the U.S. is remaining competitive and ...