“This study demonstrated that the inflammatory response in a subset of anal, penile, and vulvar HSILs was associated with PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression.” BUFFALO, NY – April 28, 2025 – A new research paper was published in Oncotarget, Volume 16, on April 24, 2025, titled “PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the anogenital region.” Researchers Humberto Carvalho Carneiro, Rodrigo de Andrade Natal, José Vassallo and Fernando Augusto Soares from the Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino and Rede D’Or studied ...

Background and objectives The role of radiosurgery in the treatment of grade 2 meningioma remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with grade 2 meningiomas and to identify factors influencing tumor control and survival. Methods In this retrospective study, seventy patients underwent GKRS for grade 2 meningioma between 2007 and 2016. Tumor recurrence was categorized as local, marginal, or distant. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, while the log-rank test and Cox proportional ...

At a time when we run ourselves ragged to meet society’s expectations of productivity, performance and time optimisation, is it right that our robot vacuum cleaners and other smart appliances should sit idle for most of the day? Computer scientists at the University of Bath in the UK think not. In a new paper, they propose over 100 ways to tap into the latent potential of our robotic devices. The researchers say these devices could be reprogrammed to perform helpful tasks around the home beyond ...

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have uncovered a unique ability of a special subtype of natural killer cells in the immune system, called adaptive NK cells, to remember ovarian tumours and effectively attack them. The discovery, published in Cancer Immunology Research, could pave the way for new, more powerful immunotherapies for difficult-to-treat cancers. NK cells, or natural killer cells, are white blood cells that play a central role in the body’s defence against viral infections and cancer. NK cells can identify and destroy unhealthy-looking cells, such as tumour cells, without prior exposure. Adaptive ...

Background and objectives Proper nutritional management has been shown to reduce complications and lead to better clinical outcomes. However, inaccurate nutritional screening and assessment, inappropriate nutrition support, and deviations from suggested guidelines were observed in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the nutritional status and support of hospitalized patients with neurological diseases to identify deficiencies in nutritional assessment and treatment. Methods A self-designed questionnaire, developed through a literature review, group discussions, and expert consultation, was converted into an electronic form to conduct a cross-sectional survey ...

A fiber sensor inspired by the shape of DNA, developed by researchers at Shinshu University, introduces a new design for more durable, flexible fiber sensors in wearables. Traditional fiber sensors have electrodes at both ends, which often fail under repeated movement when placed on body joints. The proposed double-helical design, however, places both electrodes on one end, allowing the sensor to endure repeated stretching and movement, effectively addressing a key limitation of conventional wearable sensors. Flexible fiber sensors are widely used in smart wearables, as their compact size ...

28 April, Boston—Molecular testing is transforming post-transplant care, reducing the need for invasive biopsies and personalizing medication regimens to lower the risk of infection and other downstream side effects, according to a presentation by Jeffrey Teuteberg, MD, this morning at the Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) “We’ve had a bit of a cookie-cutter approach to post-operative care, managing heart transplant patients in roughly the same way,” said ...

A technique to cool the planet, in which particles are added to the atmosphere to reflect sunlight, would not require developing special aircraft but could be achieved using existing large planes, according to a new modelling study led by UCL (University College London) researchers. Previously, most research has assumed that the technique, known as stratospheric aerosol injection, would be deployed in the tropics and so would require specially designed aircraft capable of flying at altitudes of 20km or more to inject the particles. For the new study, published in the journal ...

Scientists and engineers are developing high-performance materials from eco-friendly sources like plant waste. A key component, lignocellulose – found in wood and many plants – can be easily collected and chemically modified to improve its properties. By using these kinds of chemical changes, researchers are creating advanced materials and new ways to design and build sustainably. With about 181.5 billion tons of wood produced globally each year, it’s one of the largest renewable material sources. Researchers from the College of Engineering and Computer Science at Florida Atlantic University, and collaborators ...

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. proudly announces the recipients of the RFS Awards in Science 2024, recognizing outstanding peer-reviewed research by women and underrepresented minorities in STEM. To view the full list of winners, click here. The RFS Awards in Science 2024 honor the best papers written in 2024 by a woman or underrepresented minority in science across Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.’s portfolio of peer-reviewed journals. The awards highlight the critical contributions of these researchers and reinforce the company’s commitment to amplifying diverse voices in scientific discovery. Each ...

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with significant impacts in Nigeria, where the incidence and mortality rates continue to rise. The prevalence of cancers such as breast, cervical, prostate, and liver cancer is high in the region. Although conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy have advanced, there remains an urgent need for safer and more effective alternatives. Indigenous food plants in Nigeria have shown promise due to their rich bioactive compounds, which ...

Researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine have found that individuals with colon cancer and a documented history of high cannabis use were more than 20 times more likely to die within five years of diagnosis compared to those without such a history. “This study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that heavy cannabis use may have underrecognized impacts on the immune system, mental health and treatment behaviors — all of which could influence cancer outcomes,” said lead author Raphael Cuomo, Ph.D., associate professor in the Department of Anesthesiology at UC San Diego School of Medicine. The research team drew ...

KIRTLAND, OHIO — A new study from Holden Forests & Gardens and a team at USDA Agricultural Research Service confirms that beech leaf disease—a fast-spreading disease already devastating American beech across eastern North America—also affects European beech (Fagus sylvatica). The research raises concerns that the disease could spread globally, threatening the health of forests across Europe. European beech is a cornerstone of native forests in Europe as well as a common ornamental species planted across North America. To date, beech leaf disease has not been reported in Europe.  Published in the journal Plant Pathology, the ...

Carnegie Mellon University and Seoul National University (SNU) have announced a new collaboration to advance human-centered artificial intelligence research that prioritizes human well-being, accessibility and social responsibility. The SNU-CMU Human-Centered AI Research Center (HCAI) aims to pioneer innovative AI solutions by combining interdisciplinary expertise in human-centered design. “We’re excited to officially launch this partnership with our colleagues at Seoul National University,” said Laura Dabbish, professor in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science. ...

PULLMAN, Wash. — A squishy, layered material that dramatically transforms under pressure could someday help computers store more data with less energy. That’s according to a new study by researchers at Washington State University and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte that shows a hybrid zinc telluride-based material can undergo surprising structural changes when squeezed together like a molecular sandwich. Those changes could make it a strong candidate for phase change memory, ...

Combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) arise in various fields such as shift scheduling, traffic routing, and drug development. However, they are challenging to solve using traditional computers in a practical timeframe. Alternatively, annealing processors (APs), which are specialized hardware for solving COPs, have gained significant attention. They are based on the Ising model, in which COP variables are presented as magnetic spins and constraints as interactions between spins. Solutions are obtained by finding the spin state that minimizes the energy of the system. There are two types of Ising models, the sparsely-coupled model and the fully-coupled model. Sparsely-coupled ...

A new study, seen in Nature Genetics and led by researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST; Saudi Arabia) and Wageningen University & Research (the Netherlands), provides new insights on rice evolution, showing how the DNA of this valuable crop has changed across species. The findings are expected to not only help with improving rice yields but also with the introduction of rice into regions where rice production is currently untenable.   Rice is one of the first domesticated crops (approximately 10,000 years ago). The artificial selection farmers ...

An international team of scientists led by a Rutgers University-New Brunswick astrophysicist has discovered a potentially star-forming cloud that is one of the largest single structures in the sky and among the closest to the sun and Earth ever to be detected.   The vast ball of hydrogen, long invisible to scientists, was revealed by looking for its main constituent – molecular hydrogen. The finding marks the first time a molecular cloud has been detected with light emitted in the far-ultraviolet realm of the electromagnetic spectrum and opens the way to further explorations using the approach. The scientists have named the molecular hydrogen cloud “Eos,” ...

New research involving Rutgers professors has revealed that expected, extreme changes in India’s summer monsoon could drastically hamper the Bay of Bengal’s ability to support a crucial element of the region’s food supply: marine life. The study, published in Nature Geoscience, was conducted by scientists from Rutgers University, the University of Arizona and collaborators from India, China and Europe. To reach their conclusions, the scientists examined how the monsoon, which brings heavy rains to the Indian subcontinent, has influenced the Bay of ...

The arrival of new plant pests and diseases is likely to severely damage UK trees and woodlands in the coming decades, new research shows. The ash dieback epidemic prompted the government to assess all pests and diseases that could potentially enter the UK and affect our trees and agricultural crops. In the new study, University of Exeter scientists assessed the 636 tree pests and diseases to work out the invasion probability and likely effects on tree growth. Based on recent rates of pest and disease arrival, they estimate that – by 2050 – more than half of tree growth could be lost (compared to growth if no new pests and diseases arrived from now onwards). Tackling ...

Memory formation, storage, and retrieval are fundamental processes that define who we are and how we interact with the world. At the cellular level, these processes rely on specialized neurons called engram cells—neuronal populations that physically encode our experiences and allow us to recall them later. Over the past few decades, scientists have made significant progress in identifying these neuronal ensembles and understanding some aspects of memory allocation. Although sleep is widely known to be essential for memory processing and consolidation, many of its underlying mechanisms and functions are unclear. Traditional views have largely focused on sleep as a backward-looking ...

“Get off my lawn!” Funny as a meme but maybe scary in real life, this short sentence is synonymous with an elderly man shouting at kids whose bikes have gotten too close to a well-manicured front yard. But it could just as well represent a female bird, aggressively chasing whatever intruder gets too close to her nest. Not any female bird, though. An international team of researchers led by Sara Lipshutz, assistant professor of Biology at Duke University, found that female birds who can only nest in cavities are far more aggressive than those who don’t have this restriction on their nesting real estate. Called ...

Can nature restoration and economic productivity go hand in hand? A new study finds that the EU’s ambitious Nature Restoration Regulation (NRR) is essential to achieving biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation targets and that it could be implemented without compromising the supply of agricultural and forest products. Ensuring that biodiversity conservation actions are integrated with land management strategies is key for long-term sustainability. Doing so can ensure that ecosystems continue to provide essential services such as pollination, water purification, and carbon storage, all of which support agriculture and forestry production. If biodiversity ...

One longstanding problem has sidelined life-saving drugs, stalled next-generation batteries, and kept archaeologists from identifying the origins of ancient artifacts.  For more than 100 years, scientists have used a method called crystallography to determine the atomic structure of materials. The method works by shining an X-ray beam through a material sample and observing the pattern it produces. From this pattern – called a diffraction pattern – it is theoretically possible to calculate the exact arrangement of atoms in the sample. The challenge, however, is that this technique only works well when researchers ...

Marking European Immunization Week (EIW) 2025, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) highlights the risks of suboptimal vaccination coverage in Europe and publishes a set of operational tools that public health authorities can use to improve vaccination acceptance and uptake. The tenfold surge of reported measles cases in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus in four EU/EEA countries in 2024 are two clear signals of the need to achieve and maintain high immunisation coverage to protect European populations. Vaccines ...