Cruise tourists spend less

(Press-News.org) More and more cruise ships visit the fjords of Western Norway. But cruise tourists only spend a fraction of what other tourists spend.

Over the past few years, the overall number of tourists to Western Norway has declined slightly. But one group of tourists is steadily rising: the cruise ship passenger. However, the cruise ship industry matters little to the tourism industry onshore.

The average camping tourist leaves behind twice as much as the average cruise ship tourist. And this even when one excludes costs and taxes for camping, says Professor Svein Larsen of the University of Bergen's Department of Psychosocial Science.

Larsen has conducted a comprehensive survey of tourism in Western Norway, and recently published his results in the article Belly full, purse closed in the journal Tourism Management Perspectives.

Hey small spender

Larsen has been pioneering studies into how much revenue cruise tourism actually contributes to the local economies visited by cruise ships. Over the last three years, Larsen has spent his summers interviewing more than 8,000 tourists; of which 1,300 were cruise ship passengers.

The result is clear, says Larsen. – Cruise tourists spend the least money of all types of tourists.

Larsen's research shows that the average cruise tourist on average spends about NOK 300 a day onshore. Between 20 and 40 per cent don't even leave the ship. Half of those who leave the ship spend less than NOK 250 onshore.

In comparison, the average camping or hostel tourist spends twice this amount. The average family tourist, who stays in a hotel, tops the spending list with an average spend of NOK 1,000 a day. This comes on top of paying for the hotel room.

The new mass tourism

The psychology professor believes that the low spend per cruise tourist is down to budget cruise offers on an all-inclusive package. A six-day cruise of the Norwegian fjords may cost as little as €220. The same journey by air travel and individually arranged accommodation will usually set you back several times that amount.

Taking a cruise is the new mass tourism, Larsen believes. – The tourists are fed onboard and even do their shopping onboard.

Also, the cruise industry needs to make money. It is not unusual for cruise tourists to be let offboard for a maximum of eight hours per onshore visit.

Not sustainable

The only locals profiting from the cruise ships are the port authorities, and also occasionally tourist guides and industries built specifically to cater for the cruise ship sector. Only limited resources reach public toilets, local shops, or tourist attractions, according to Larsen. He believes local authorities need to rethink their policies on tourism.

Maybe local authorities need to focus more on sustainable tourism, he suggests. – Young people and families spend a lot of money when on holiday. Cruise tourists, on the other hand, will rather visit a non-entrance fee museum rather than, say, the Bergen Aquarium, where you have to pay an entrance fee.

There are some categories, though, where cruise tourists spend more than other tourists: cafés, sightseeing, and shopping. On average the cruise tourist will spend NOK 50 a day in each of these three categories.

This is not sustainable tourism, Larsen believes. – There may be queues when the cruise tourists visit town, but they don't leave much behind for the local economy.

Other research also shows that there may be a negative environmental impact from the cruise ship industry.

### FACTS/CRUISE TOURISM RESEARCH

In the cruise tourism survey, researchers asked tourists visiting Bergen between 07:00 and 19:00 how much money they had spent during their visit and how much they planned on spending.
The survey was conducted in central tourist spots in Bergen, such as the fish market and Fløyen Mountain.
The survey was conducted in the summers of 2010, 2011, and 2012.
In 2010, there were 1,891 respondents, of which 165 were cruise passengers. In 2011, the numbers were 2,478 and 388 respectively. And in 2012, the numbers were 4,002 and 756.
The tourists were categorised based on the previous night's accommodation.
The tourists' spending was divided into ten categories: café/restaurant, bar/pub, grocery shops, sightseeing, local transport, other transport, shopping, concerts, museums, and miscellaneous.
According to Port of Bergen, 264 cruise ships visited Bergen in 2011 and in 2012 there were 320 cruise ships visiting. END