Penn Medicine researchers zero in on psoriasis-hypertension link

(Press-News.org) PHILADELPHIA – Patients with more severe psoriasis are also more likely to have uncontrolled hypertension, according to new research by a team at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Through a cross-sectional study using information collected from a medical records database, the results provide further evidence of a strong link between psoriasis and hypertension. Full results are now available in JAMA Dermatology.

"Over the last several years, studies have shown that psoriasis, specifically severe psoriasis, is an independent risk factor for a variety of comorbidities, putting patients suffering with this common skin disease at an increased risk for other conditions such as heart attack and stroke," says Junko Takeshita, MD, PhD, clinical instructor in the department of Dermatology at Penn Medicine and co-first author on the study. "Knowing that psoriasis is tied to other health conditions, it's vital that we have a better understanding of the systemic effects it has on other areas of the body so that we can more closely monitor these patients and provide better and preventative care."

Defining uncontrolled hypertension as blood pressure measured as at least 140/90, the researchers found a clear relationship between psoriasis and uncontrolled hypertension in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis. Additional finding indicate there is a significant dose-response relationship, meaning that the likelihood of uncontrolled hypertension increases with greater psoriasis severity. Results of the study reveal that the patients with the highest risk of having uncontrolled blood pressure, are those with moderate to severe psoriasis, which is defined as having at least three percent of one's body surface affected by the disease.

Takeshita and colleagues examined data from a random sample of psoriasis patients included in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), an electronic medical database based in the United Kingdom that collects demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and laboratory information from a broad representative sample of the UK population. Takeshita says the psoriasis diagnostic code in the database has been validated through extensive studies looking at the condition.

The researchers concentrated on a specific group within the THIN database called the Incident Health Outcomes and Psoriasis Events (iHOPE) cohort, a random sample of about 9000 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis and disease severity classified by their general practitioners using objective measures, specifically body surface area involvement. This permitted a level of analysis not possible in previous studies.

"Most large electronic databases such as THIN do not have information such as body surface area involvement or other direct measures of psoriasis severity, and we usually have to use surrogate measures such as receipt of a treatment that is indicated for more severe psoriasis to define psoriasis severity," Takeshita explains. "The use of surrogate measures to define psoriasis severity is not ideal for multiple reasons. For example, we know that many patients with psoriasis go untreated, so using treatment to define psoriasis severity may incorrectly identify patients who truly have severe disease as having mild disease. Furthermore, when we use treatments to define psoriasis severity, we cannot separate effects of psoriasis itself from potential psoriasis treatment effects on blood pressure control. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to evaluate the effect of objectively determined psoriasis severity on blood pressure control."

Although the work strongly suggests a correlation between hypertension and psoriasis, the cross-sectional nature of the study doesn't allow one important issue to be addressed: the "chicken or egg" question of whether psoriasis may cause hypertension or whether the presence of hypertension contributes to psoriasis. Still, the present study provides an ideal starting point for that next investigative step.

"Determining the cause and effect is something that needs to be evaluated in future longitudinal studies so that we can better assess which condition developed first," Takeshita explains. "Our hypothesis is that the psoriasis and the inflammation that comes with it are making the hypertension worse, but certainly it could go the other way, and understanding which comes first has important implications for how we care for these patients and our understanding of how these two conditions are related."

INFORMATION: Other Penn co-authors are Daniel B Shin, MS, Nehal N Mehta, MD, MSCE, Stephen E Kimmel, MD, MSCE, David J Margolis, MD, PhD, Andrea B Troxel, ScD, and Joel M Gelfand, MD, MSCE. The research was completed in collaboration with Shuwei Wang, MD, of Thomas Jefferson University.

The study was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (R01-HL089744), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K24-AR064310), the Dermatology Foundation Career Development Award, and the National Psoriasis Foundation Fellowship Award.

Penn Medicine is one of the world's leading academic medical centers, dedicated to the related missions of medical education, biomedical research, and excellence in patient care. Penn Medicine consists of the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (founded in 1765 as the nation's first medical school) and the University of Pennsylvania Health System, which together form a $4.3 billion enterprise.

The Perelman School of Medicine has been ranked among the top five medical schools in the United States for the past 17 years, according to U.S. News & World Report's survey of research-oriented medical schools. The School is consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National Institutes of Health, with $392 million awarded in the 2013 fiscal year.

The University of Pennsylvania Health System's patient care facilities include: The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania -- recognized as one of the nation's top "Honor Roll" hospitals by U.S. News & World Report; Penn Presbyterian Medical Center; Chester County Hospital; Penn Wissahickon Hospice; and Pennsylvania Hospital -- the nation's first hospital, founded in 1751. Additional affiliated inpatient care facilities and services throughout the Philadelphia region include Chestnut Hill Hospital and Good Shepherd Penn Partners, a partnership between Good Shepherd Rehabilitation Network and Penn Medicine.

Penn Medicine is committed to improving lives and health through a variety of community-based programs and activities. In fiscal year 2013, Penn Medicine provided $814 million to benefit our community.