SeoulTech scientists develop AI-based patent abstract generator to discover and detail technology opportunities

Patents are valuable for the generation of novel ideas through technology opportunity discovery. In recent years, scientists have made several attempts to identify technology opportunities by determining vacancies in patent maps—visual representations of patent distribution in particular technological fields created using dimensionality reduction techniques. However, there is a major bottleneck in this approach: it is challenging to precisely define and interpret the technological content of these patent vacancies.

In a breakthrough study, researchers from the Republic of Korea and the United States, led by Professor Hakyeon Lee of the Department of Industrial Engineering at Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea, have developed an innovative generative approach to discovering technology opportunities from patent maps using machine learning. Their findings were made available online on July 28, 2025 and were published in Volume 68, Part B of the journal Advanced Engineering Informatics on November 1, 2025.

The approach proposed in this study utilizes the text embedding inversion technique—which reverts high-dimensional embeddings to their original data form—to translate patent vacancies into more useful human-readable text.

It comprises a total of five steps: transformation of patent abstracts into high-dimensional vectors via text embedding; autoencoder training to project high-dimensional embeddings into 2D space and facilitate bidirectional mapping; creation of a grid-based patent map via kernel density estimation technique; determination of vacant cells and their coordinates as patent vacancies; and reconstruction of the vacancy coordinates into high-dimensional embedding vectors through decoder, followed by generation of human-readable texts via vec2text.

Prof. Lee remarks: “The most revolutionary aspect of our research is its ability to translate abstract patent vacancies into concrete, human-readable technology descriptions. Unlike previous methods, which could only identify empty spaces on the patent maps without explaining their significance, this AI system can pinpoint a location on the patent map and instantly generate a detailed abstract describing the specific technology that should exist there. It's like having a treasure map that not only shows empty spaces but also reveals exactly what treasure lies beneath each spot.”

The researchers demonstrated the novelty of their work via a case study on LiDAR technology using 17,616 patents. This approach successfully identified patent vacancies and translated them into human-readable text, showcasing its potential as a highly promising tool for technology opportunity analysis.

“Our work can fundamentally democratize innovation forecasting. Currently, only large corporations with extensive R&D resources can predict future technology trends. In 5–10 years, this tool could enable small startups to compete with tech giants by identifying untapped opportunities; allow developing countries to leapfrog in technology development by focusing on predicted breakthrough areas; help academic researchers discover interdisciplinary research opportunities automatically; assist policymakers in anticipating technological disruptions and preparing appropriate regulations; and reduce innovation cycles as the time between identifying opportunities and developing solutions shortens dramatically,” concludes Prof. Lee.

Notably, the proposed system is already being expanded to automatically generate detailed research proposals and full patent documents from the identified opportunities, potentially creating an end-to-end AI innovation pipeline!

***

 

Reference
DOI: 10.1016/j.aei.2025.103661

 

About the Seoul National University of Science and Technology (SEOULTECH)
Seoul National University of Science and Technology, commonly known as 'SEOULTECH,' is a national university located in Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Founded in April 1910, around the time of the establishment of the Republic of Korea, SEOULTECH has grown into a large and comprehensive university with a campus size of 504,922 m2. It comprises 10 undergraduate schools, 35 departments, 6 graduate schools, and has an enrollment of approximately 14,595 students.
Website: https://en.seoultech.ac.kr/


About Professor Hakyeon Lee
Prof. Hakyeon Lee is a Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering and the Department of Data Science at Seoul National University of Science and Technology. He is the Head of the BK21 FOUR Data Science & Business Potential Research Center. His lab, the Data & Business Innovation Lab, focuses on applying AI/ML to technology forecasting, patent analysis, and innovation management, a field referred to as “innovation intelligence.” Prof. Lee's work bridges the gap between AI/big data analytics and strategic business decision-making. He received BS and PhD degrees in Industrial Engineering from Seoul National University. He has authored more than 50 papers published in leading journals of technology management and information sciences.

END