Racial and ethnic disparities in cesarean birth trends in the United States

JAMA Network Open

2025-11-17

(Press-News.org) About The Study: In this cohort study of births in the United States from 2012 to 2021, the rate of overall cesarean births decreased slightly over the study period. However, racial and ethnic disparities persisted, with increasing risk of primary cesarean births among non-Hispanic Black individuals compared with individuals from other racial and ethnic groups. Quality improvement efforts to reduce unnecessary cesarean births should address this inequity and the structural racism that drives it.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Marie J. Boller, MD, email boller@ohsu.edu.

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(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.44078)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

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Racial and ethnic disparities in cesarean birth trends in the United States

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