ICU stays for worst asthma drop 74 percent, review finds

Education, medication compliance cited in lower number of unit admissions

2012-05-11

(Press-News.org) SAN ANTONIO (May 10, 2012) — A review of 30 years of life-threatening asthma cases in a San Antonio intensive care unit found that annual ICU admissions for the condition have dropped 74 percent. The study, by UT Medicine San Antonio physicians who reviewed cases at University Hospital between 1980 and 2010, also showed intubation in the emergency department to help patients breathe did not result in longer hospital stays.

UT Medicine is the clinical practice of the School of Medicine at The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio.

Faculty studied inpatient care of status asthmaticus at University Hospital. Patients with this condition experience respiratory failure because their asthma is not responding to standard therapies.

To review status asthmaticus cases, the team extracted all notes and orders from an electronic medical record. This showed 227 patients were admitted to the medical intensive care unit with 280 episodes of status asthmaticus over the three decades. Encouragingly, the hospital analysis showed only one death — and it was of a different cause after the asthma improved.

Patients making wise choices

"The main reason for the decline in cases is that more of our patients are taking their controller medications such as inhaled corticosteroids, which reduce the amount of inflammation in the airways," said lead author Jay I. Peters, M.D., professor and chief of pulmonary diseases in the School of Medicine.

In a separate study of 1,000 children and adults, 70 percent of asthma patients reported routinely taking their corticosteroids. Dr. Peters credited this high rate of compliance to asthma education programs provided in neighborhood clinics, including patient care facilities in the University Health System.

"Studies show if you use your corticosteroid at least 11 months out of the year your risk of dying from asthma comes down exponentially," Dr. Peters said. "Many times asthmatics don't comply because they feel fairly good on a daily basis, but the steroids reduce the risk of exacerbations and death."

Pulmonary physicians thought too many asthmatics were intubated in emergency departments, leading to longer hospital stays. Intubation is insertion of a tube to increase airflow. Previous studies in the medical literature concluded asthmatics should not be intubated because of increased risk of complications such as pneumonia.

Don't be afraid to intubate

In the San Antonio study, patients were intubated either because they quit breathing or their carbon dioxide levels had risen dangerously. High carbon dioxide causes blood to be acidic, and irregular heartbeat can result when acid is elevated. This raises the risk of cardiac arrest.

According to the data, few patients suffered complications after being intubated. "I think our methods of treating patients in the emergency department have improved so much that previous studies of issues with intubation don't hold up anymore," Dr. Peters said.

"On the front end, this study reinforces the importance of staying on controller medications," he said. "On the back end, it shows low mortality for patients in the medical ICU and that we don't need to be afraid to intubate patients and place them on mechanical ventilation if necessary."

###The study is described in Respiratory Medicine. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22188845

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About UT Medicine San Antonio

UT Medicine San Antonio is the clinical practice of the School of Medicine at the UT Health Science Center San Antonio. With more than 700 doctors – all faculty from the School of Medicine – UT Medicine is the largest medical practice in Central and South Texas, with expertise in more than 60 different branches of medicine. Primary care doctors and specialists see patients in private practice at UT Medicine's flagship clinical home, the Medical Arts & Research Center (MARC), located in the South Texas Medical Center at 8300 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio 78229. Most major health plans are accepted, and there are clinics and physicians at several local and regional hospitals, including CHRISTUS Santa Rosa, University Hospital and Baptist Medical Center. Call (210) 450-9000 to schedule an appointment, or visit the website at www.UTMedicine.org for a complete listing of clinics and phone numbers.

About the University Health System Owned by the people of Bexar County, University Health System is a nationally recognized academic medical center. In partnership with UT Medicine San Antonio, the clinical practice of the School of Medicine at the UT Health Science Center San Antonio, it is consistently recognized as a leader in advanced treatment options, new technologies and clinical research.

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ICU stays for worst asthma drop 74 percent, review finds

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