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Technology

CMU-Africa expands digital public infrastructure initiative across the continent

Carnegie Mellon University Africa announced today that it will expand its digital public infrastructure initiative across the continent. Called the Upanzi Network, this Africa-based collaboration of engineering research labs will work toward a secure and resilient digital transformation by focusing on innovation across the entire pipeline of open standard technologies for the public good. The initiative was launched in 2021 with the creation of a research laboratory at CMU-Africa in Kigali, Rwanda. Since its launch, the laboratory has made progress in capacity building, knowledge transfer, and digital public infrastructure governance and deployment. It performs research in ...

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Synchronized movement between robots and humans builds trust, study finds
Technology

Synchronized movement between robots and humans builds trust, study finds

Trust between humans and robots is improved when the movement between both is harmonised, researchers have discovered. These findings could improve the success of real-world human-robot teams, helping users like the emergency services to work more effectively with robots in the future. By sensing co-movement in real-world environments, robots could use this as an indicator to sense whether the user trusts them sufficiently. Lead author Dr Edmund Hunt, based in the University of Bristol’s Faculty of Science and Engineering, said: “People have preferred social distances from others during interaction and ...

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Improving hurricane modeling with physics-informed machine learning
Technology

Improving hurricane modeling with physics-informed machine learning

WASHINGTON, Nov. 19, 2024 – Hurricanes, or tropical cyclones, can be devastating natural disasters, leveling entire cities and claiming hundreds or thousands of lives. A key aspect of their destructive potential is their unpredictability. Hurricanes are complex weather phenomena, and how strong one will be or where it will make landfall is difficult to estimate. In a paper published this week in Physics of Fluids, by AIP Publishing, a pair of researchers from the City University of Hong Kong employed machine learning to more accurately model the boundary layer wind field of tropical cyclones. In atmospheric science, the boundary layer ...

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Neural networks: You might not need to buy every ticket to win the lottery
Technology

Neural networks: You might not need to buy every ticket to win the lottery

The more lottery tickets you buy, the higher your chances of winning, but spending more than you win is obviously not a wise strategy. Something similar happens in AI powered by deep learning: we know that the larger a neural network is (i.e., the more parameters it has), the better it can learn the task we set for it. However, the strategy of making it infinitely large during training is not only impossible but also extremely inefficient. Scientists have tried to imitate the way biological brains learn, which is highly resource-efficient, by providing machines with a gradual training process that starts with ...

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Technology

New paradigm of quantum information technology revealed through light-matter interaction!

□ A research team led by Professor Jaedong Lee from the Department of Chemical Physics of DGIST (President Kunwoo Lee) has introduced a novel quantum state and a pioneering mechanism for extracting and controlling quantum information using exciton and Floquet states. □ Collaborating with Professor Noejung Park from UNIST’s Department of Physics (President Chongrae Park), the team has, for the first time, demonstrated the formation and synthesis process of exciton and Floquet states, which arise from light-matter interactions in two-dimensional semiconductors. This study captures quantum information in real-time as it unfolds through entanglement, offering ...

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Navy’s Airborne Scientific Development Squadron welcomes new commander
Technology

Navy’s Airborne Scientific Development Squadron welcomes new commander

WASHINGTON — Cmdr. J. Aaron Roberts relinquished command of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory’s (NRL) Scientific Development Squadron (VXS) 1, the Warlocks, to Cmdr. Luis A. Levine, the new Commanding Officer (CO), during a change of command and retirement ceremony Nov. 14 at Naval Air Station (NAS) Patuxent River, Maryland. NRL’s CO Capt. Jesse Black presented Roberts with the Meritorious Service Medal. Roberts served as the VXS-1 CO from May 2023 to November 2024 and the U.S. Navy for 21 years. Black said Roberts’ distinguished leadership was instrumental to the squadron’s continued record of exceptional support to NRL’s airborne ...

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Technology

Chitnis receives funding for study of wearable ultrasound systems

Parag Chitnis, Associate Professor, Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Computing (CEC), received funding for the project: “MTEC-23-06-USAMRDC-MultiTopic-105; Tendon and Joint Injury Prevention and Reduction using Wearable Ultrasound Systems.” He leads a multi-disciplinary team that aims to produce a new class of wearable hands-free ultrasound systems. Specifically, this system builds on patented technology to provide structural and functional measures for assessing muscle-tendon interactions for preventing tendon overuse injury and assessing joint function, injury, and recovery. Chitnis received $1,856,023 from Advanced Technology ...

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Technology

Kaya advancing AI literacy

Erdogan Kaya, Assistant Professor, College of Education and Human Development (CEHD), received funding for the project: “EducateAI DCL: Cultivating Artificial Intelligence Literacy through Linguistically Inclusive Integrated Elementary Curriculum via Educational Robotics.” He and his colleagues aim to develop a linguistically inclusive integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI) curriculum that specifically supports emergent multilingual learners (EMLs), using educational robotics to teach ...

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Quandela, the CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay and Université Paris Cité join forces to accelerate research and innovation in quantum photonics
Technology

Quandela, the CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay and Université Paris Cité join forces to accelerate research and innovation in quantum photonics

On 13th of November 2024, Quandela, the CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, and Université Paris Cité inaugurated at the Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay/Université Paris Cité) the QDlight associated research laboratory focusing on research in quantum photonics, which is to say the art of controlling light in the quantum regime inside nanoscale devices. Over the course of six years, the teams will expand scientific cooperation ...

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Can AI improve plant-based meats?
Technology

Can AI improve plant-based meats?

Cutting back on animal protein in our diets can save on resources and greenhouse gas emissions. But convincing meat-loving consumers to switch up their menu is a challenge. Looking at this problem from a mechanical engineering angle, Stanford engineers are pioneering a new approach to food texture testing that could pave the way for faux filets that fool even committed carnivores. In a new paper in Science of Food, the team demonstrated that a combination of mechanical testing and machine learning can describe food texture with striking similarity to human taste testers. Such a method could speed up the development of new and better plant-based meats. The team also found that ...

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ETRI-F&U Credit Information Co., Ltd., opens a new path for AI-based professional consultation
Technology

ETRI-F&U Credit Information Co., Ltd., opens a new path for AI-based professional consultation

A group of South Korean researchers has decided to utilize AI technology to support customer counseling services. Through this, it will provide a significant boost to the performance and efficiency of counselors in various industries, while improving the overall quality of customer counseling services, ultimately making it easier to meet the customers’ needs and expectations while opening up the possibility for realizing new values. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) announced that ...

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Technology

New route to ‘quantum spin liquid’ materials discovered for first time

A new route to materials with complex ‘disordered’ magnetic properties at the quantum level has been produced by scientists for the first time. The material, based on a framework of ruthenium, fulfils the requirements of the ‘Kitaev quantum spin liquid state’ - an elusive phenomenon that scientists have been trying to understand for decades. Published in Nature Communications the study, by scientists at the University of Birmingham, offers an important step towards achieving and controlling quantum materials with sought-after new properties that do not follow ...

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Breakthrough idea for CCU technology commercialization from 'carbon cycle of the earth'
Technology

Breakthrough idea for CCU technology commercialization from 'carbon cycle of the earth'

The research team led by Dr. Hyung-Suk Oh and Dr. Woong Hee Lee at the Clean Energy Research Center at Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST, President Sang-Rok Oh) has developed a silver-silica composite catalyst capable of reversible local pH control through a silica-hydroxide cycle, inspired by Earth’s natural cycles. This research draws inspiration from the carbonate-silicate cycle, known as the Earth’s inorganic carbon cycle, where carbon dioxide (CO₂) maintains balance. CO₂ is removed from ...

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Technology

Industrial air pollution triggers ice formation in clouds, reducing cloud cover and boosting snowfall

Pollution from industrial hotspots can trigger ice formation in supercooled clouds, altering their reflective properties and increasing regional snowfall, according to a new study. The findings shed light on poorly understood impacts of anthropogenic aerosols on climate and could help improve climate modeling and mitigation strategies. The impact of human-generated aerosols (tiny air pollution particles) on climate, particularly in counteracting greenhouse gas-induced warming, remains uncertain. These aerosols, in addition to influencing cloud formation as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), may also act as ice-nucleating particles (INPs), crucial for ice formation in supercooled ...

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Sensitive ceramics for soft robotics
Technology

Sensitive ceramics for soft robotics

Most people think of coffee cups, bathroom tiles or flower pots when they hear the word "ceramic". Not so Frank Clemens. For the research group leader in Empa's Laboratory for High-Performance Ceramics, ceramics can conduct electricity, be intelligent, and even feel. Together with his team, Clemens is developing soft sensor materials based on ceramics. Such sensors can "feel" temperature, strain, pressure or humidity, for instance, which makes them interesting for use in medicine, but also in the field of soft robotics. Soft ceramics – how is that supposed to work? Materials ...

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NRL completes development of robotics capable of servicing satellites, enabling resilience for the U.S. space infrastructure
Technology

NRL completes development of robotics capable of servicing satellites, enabling resilience for the U.S. space infrastructure

WASHINGTON – U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST) in partnership with Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) successfully completed development of a spaceflight qualified robotics suite capable of servicing satellites in orbit, Oct. 8. Under DARPA funding, NRL developed the Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites (RSGS) Integrated Robotic Payload (IRP). This transformative new space capability was delivered to DARPA’s commercial partner, Northrop Grumman’s SpaceLogistics, for ...

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ETRI, demonstration of 8-photon qubit chip for quantum computation
Technology

ETRI, demonstration of 8-photon qubit chip for quantum computation

A group of South Korean researchers has successfully developed an integrated quantum circuit chip using photons (light particles). This achievement is expected to enhance the global competitiveness of the team in quantum computation research. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) announced that they have developed a system capable of controlling eight photons using a photonic integrated-circuit chip. With this system, they can explore various quantum phenomena, such as multipartite entanglement resulting from the interaction of the photons. ETRI’s extensive research on silicon-photonic quantum ...

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A development by Graz University of Technology makes concreting more reliable, safer and more economical
Technology

A development by Graz University of Technology makes concreting more reliable, safer and more economical

Concreting mistakes can be expensive. Concrete poured too quickly often leads to a lack of colour uniformity, irregularities in the structure and uneven surfaces. Particularly in the case of exposed concrete, expensive reworking using concrete cosmetics is then necessary, sometimes a wall may even have to be demolished. In addition, if the fresh concrete rises too quickly in the formwork, there is a certain risk potential for the workers, as this can cause the formwork to break. In their DigiCoPro project, Ralph Stöckl and ...

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Technology

Updated first aid guidelines enhance care for opioid overdose, bleeding, other emergencies

Embargoed until 4 a.m. CT / 5 a.m. ET Thursday, November 14, 2024 DALLAS and WASHINGTON, Nov. 14, 2024 — The American Heart Association and the American Red Cross today released the “2024 Guidelines for First Aid,” which provide critical updates that equip first aid responders with the latest evidence-based practices to effectively respond to mild, moderate and life-threatening emergencies. The guidelines are published today in Circulation, the American Heart Association’s flagship journal. “Providing first aid care is about recognizing that an emergency ...

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Bluetooth technology unlocks urban animal secrets
Technology

Bluetooth technology unlocks urban animal secrets

Mobile phones could be the key to a cheaper and more reliable way of tracking animals for ecology and conservation research, according to a new study from The Australian National University (ANU). Traditional animal tracking methods are often expensive and require the tagged animals to be close to the tracking technology. Now, ANU researchers have developed a cheap, lightweight Bluetooth beacon that can provide regular updates through our network of mobile phones in areas used by people carrying phones or smartwatches. Study lead author and ANU ecologist, ...

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Technology

Lehigh partners with North Carolina A&T to enhance flood damage mapping with AI and advanced radar

One only needs to glance at the news, social media, or even just out the window to understand the devastation caused by flooding. Recent back-to-back major hurricanes have brought catastrophic rainfall that has devastated communities across the southeastern United States. With climate change, experts predict these extreme weather events will increasingly become the norm. Among the many ways that researchers are devising strategies to protect and assist vulnerable areas, one such effort involves increasing the speed and accuracy of damage assessments. “Research ...

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Developing advanced recycling technology to restore spent battery cathode materials
Technology

Developing advanced recycling technology to restore spent battery cathode materials

A research team led by Dr. Jung-Je Woo at the Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center of the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) has successfully developed a cost-effective and eco-friendly technology for recycling cathode materials* from spent lithium-ion batteries. *Cathode Materials: Materials that play a crucial role in generating electricity by storing and releasing lithium ions during battery charging and discharging. With the recent rise in electric vehicles and mobile devices, managing spent batteries has become a critical global challenge. By 2040, the number of decommissioned electric vehicles is expected to exceed 40 million*, leading ...

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A step toward safer X-rays with new detector technology
Technology

A step toward safer X-rays with new detector technology

X-rays are a common component of diagnostic testing and industrial monitoring, used for everything from monitoring your teeth to scanning your suitcase at the airport. But the high-energy rays also produce ionizing radiation, which can be dangerous after prolonged or excessive exposures. Now, researchers publishing in ACS Central Science have taken a step toward safer X-rays by creating a highly sensitive and foldable detector that produces good quality images with smaller dosages of the rays. “This advancement reduces detection limits and paves the way for safer and more energy-efficient medical imaging and industrial monitoring,” says Omar F. Mohammed, ...

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Solving complex problems faster: Innovations in Ising machine technology
Technology

Solving complex problems faster: Innovations in Ising machine technology

Computers are essential for solving complex problems in fields, like scheduling, logistics, and route planning, but traditional computers struggle with large-scale combinatorial optimization, as they can’t efficiently process vast numbers of possibilities. To address this, researchers have explored specialized systems. One such system is the Hopfield network, a significant artificial intelligence breakthrough from 1982, proven in 1985 to solve combinatorial optimization by representing solutions as energy levels and naturally finding the lowest energy, or optimal, solution. ...

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Giving robots superhuman vision using radio signals
Technology

Giving robots superhuman vision using radio signals

In the race to develop robust perception systems for robots, one persistent challenge has been operating in bad weather and harsh conditions. For example, traditional, light-based vision sensors such as cameras or LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) fail in heavy smoke and fog. However, nature has shown that vision doesn't have to be constrained by light’s limitations — many organisms have evolved ways to perceive their environment without relying on light. Bats navigate using the echoes of sound waves, while sharks hunt by sensing electrical fields from their prey's movements. Radio waves, whose wavelengths are orders of magnitude ...

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