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Cancer prevalence across vertebrate species decreases with gestation time, may increase with adult mass

2024-10-24
PHILADELPHIA – Cancer prevalence rates varied widely across vertebrate species and generally increased with higher adult mass and decreased with longer gestation time, according to results published in Cancer Discovery, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). In 1977, Sir Richard Peto, FRS, FAACR, hypothesized that cancer prevalence in animals should correlate linearly with body size and lifespan, as larger animals have more cells in which to accumulate damage, and long-lived animals have more time to acquire mutations. He observed, however, that this did not seem to be the case based on ...

Epic voyage to uncover what causes tsunamis

Epic voyage to uncover what causes tsunamis
2024-10-24
A team of international scientists, including two researchers from The Australian National University (ANU), will soon sail to the Japan Trench to discover more about what causes tsunamis. The researchers will be on board the world’s most advanced drilling-equipped science vessel, Chikyu. It will drill directly into the Tōhoku-oki earthquake fault zone, where one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded in Japan occurred in 2011. The stress accumulated at this junction over hundreds of years was suddenly released, causing the tectonic plate on which Japan sits to skip upwards and eastwards by up to 50 metres. This shallow slip displaced a vast area ...

USC Stem Cell mouse study sheds light on the secret to maintaining a youthful immune system

USC Stem Cell mouse study sheds light on the secret to maintaining a youthful immune system
2024-10-24
What keeps some immune systems youthful and effective in warding off age-related diseases? In a new paper published in Cellular & Molecular Immunology, USC Stem Cell scientist Rong Lu and her collaborators point the finger at a small subset of blood stem cells, which make an outsized contribution to maintaining either a youthful balance or an age-related imbalance of the two main types of immune cells: innate and adaptive. Innate immune cells serve as the body’s first line of defense, mobilizing a quick and general attack against invading germs. For germs that evade the body’s innate immune defenses, the second line of attack consists of adaptive immune ...

Suicide risk highest on Mondays and New Year’s Day

2024-10-23
Suicide risk is highest on Mondays and increased on New Year’s Day, whereas suicide risk on weekends and Christmas varies by country and region, finds an analysis of data from 26 countries published by The BMJ today. The researchers say their results can help to better understand the short term variations in suicide risks and define suicide prevention action plans and awareness campaigns. According to the World Health Organization, more than 700,000 people died due to suicide in 2019, accounting for approximately 1.3% of deaths, which was higher than the number of deaths by malaria, HIV/AIDS, and breast cancer. Previous studies have shown that suicide ...

Gene signature shows promise to improve survival for breast cancer patients

2024-10-23
Using a gene signature technique to tailor chemotherapy for patients with early triple negative breast cancer shows promise as a way to improve disease-free survival, finds a clinical trial published by The BMJ today. Triple negative breast cancer is an aggressive type of breast cancer that carries a higher risk of recurrence and death after standard treatment. As such, there is an urgent need for more effective chemotherapy strategies. Multigene signatures are tests that analyse genes in a tumour sample to predict how well ...

Investigation finds “unexplained” millions in drug industry payments to the NHS

2024-10-23
Pharmaceutical companies have paid an estimated £156 million to NHS trusts in England between 2015 and 2022 without the public being told what the payments are for, reveals an investigation by The BMJ today. The findings raise important questions about unrecognised conflicts of interest and have led to calls for a shake-up of current transparency rules.  The BMJ tracked all disclosed non-research payments to NHS trusts in England from 2015 to 2022 reported in Disclosure UK, a database run by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), which requires participating companies to disclose cash payments and other benefits in ...

Maternal antibodies interfere with malaria vaccine responses

2024-10-23
Maternal antibodies passed across the placenta can interfere with the response to the malaria vaccine, which would explain its lower efficacy in infants under five months of age, according to research led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), in collaboration with seven African centers (CISM-Mozambique, IHI-Tanzania, CRUN-Burkina Faso, KHRC-Ghana, NNIMR-Ghana, CERMEL-Gabon, KEMRI-Kenya). The findings, published in Lancet Infectious Diseases, suggest that children younger than currently recommended by the WHO may benefit from the RTS,S and R21 malaria vaccines if they live in areas with low malaria transmission, ...

Teaching must be made more attractive as a profession to tackle shortages

2024-10-23
Teaching needs to be made more attractive to a wider pool of graduates to tackle shortages in the profession, according to new international research comparing 18 countries. The worldwide comparison led by Durham University, UK, shows that the level of pay relative to other graduate professions, lack of resources and poor student behaviour all play a part in recruitment and retention issues. Popular quick-fix strategies used across the world to attract and retain teachers, such as bursaries, scholarships and ...

Airbnb rentals linked to increased crime rates in London neighborhoods – study

2024-10-23
Latest research has revealed a “positive association” between the number of properties listed as Airbnb rentals and police-reported robberies and violent crimes in thousands of London neighbourhoods between 2015 and 2018. In fact, the study from University of Cambridge and the University of Pennsylvania suggests that a 10% increase in active Airbnb rentals in the city would correspond to an additional 1,000 robberies per year across London.* Urban sociologists say the rapid pace at which crime rises in conjunction with new rentals suggests that the link is related more to opportunities for crime, rather than loss ...

UK budget 'blindness' risks handing green economy future to China, report argues

2024-10-23
A new report by researchers from the University of Cambridge and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) argues the UK government should invest in green infrastructure now or watch productivity lag behind China, the United States and other countries already running away with the benefits. Is reaching net zero a growth and prosperity plan? by former Head of Economic Forecasting at the UK Treasury, Dimitri Zenghelis, says the government’s self-imposed rules on infrastructure investment must be modernised to spur the innovation needed for UK prosperity. The ...

Marri trees a lifeline for many native bee species in biodiversity hotspot

Marri trees a lifeline for many native bee species in biodiversity hotspot
2024-10-23
New Curtin-led research has revealed Marri trees are critical to the survival of more than 80 species of native bee in Western Australia’s South West region, which is one of the world’s most biologically rich but threatened biodiversity hotspots.   Lead author Dr Kit Prendergast, Adjunct Research Fellow from the Curtin School of Molecular and Life Sciences, said the study identified the Marri (Corymbia calophylla), which is native to the South West and was named a ‘near threatened’ species in 2019, as a crucial supplier of food for native bees and supporter of the region’s ecosystem.   “The findings that these trees support at ...

Treatments used for HER2-positive breast cancers could help patients with rare gastrointestinal cancer

Treatments used for HER2-positive breast cancers could help patients with rare gastrointestinal cancer
2024-10-23
Barcelona, Spain: Drugs designed to target HER2-postive breast cancer could also benefit some patients with bile duct cancer, according to results of a patient trial to be presented on Thursday at the 36th EORTC-NCI-AACR [1] Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics in Barcelona, Spain. Bile duct cancer is rare, treatment options are limited, and the survival rates are low.   The trial also suggests that a wider group of breast cancer patients – those with HER2-mutated breast cancer – could be treated with these ...

Little-studied RNA might be key to regulating genetic disorders like epilepsy, autism

Little-studied RNA might be key to regulating genetic disorders like epilepsy, autism
2024-10-23
Study focused on ‘Goldilocks Gene’ CHD2 that causes autism and epilepsy Deletion of long non-coding RNA CHASERR produces too much CHD2 protein in the cell, leaving patients wheelchair-bound, nonverbal and with intellectual delays Patient’s dad from study: ‘We intuitively understood this was a lot bigger than just Emma’ ‘It is mind-boggling that we only know what 1% of the human genome does’ CHICAGO --- When a gene produces too much protein, it can have devastating consequences on brain development and function. ...

UB researchers show why cannabis policies should shift to a harm reduction, health promotion approach to safeguard public health

UB researchers show why cannabis policies should shift to a harm reduction, health promotion approach to safeguard public health
2024-10-23
BUFFALO, N.Y. — Millions of Americans use cannabis to treat a plethora of health conditions. They are rarely under a health care provider’s supervision and their access to quality information about the substances they are consuming and their potential risks is limited at best. A paper published today in the American Journal of Public Health, the official journal of the American Public Health Association, by University at Buffalo researchers calls attention to this concerning and potentially dangerous situation, which they say is a result of a policy environment historically driven by politics, not science. The paper explains why there needs to be a shift in cannabis ...

Live well, think well: Research shows healthy habits tied to brain health

2024-10-23
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE UNTIL 4 P.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2024 MINNEAPOLIS – In middle-aged people, having risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol that are not well-controlled combined with not following certain healthy habits including exercise, diet and sleep, are linked to a higher risk of stroke, dementia or depression later in life, according to a study published in the October 23, 2024, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. These results do not prove that not having healthy habits increases the risk of these conditions, ...

Could poor sleep in middle age speed up brain aging?

2024-10-23
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE UNTIL 4 P.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2024 MINNEAPOLIS – People in early middle age who have poor sleep quality, including having difficulty falling or staying asleep, have more signs of poor brain health in late middle age, according to a study published in the October 23, 2024, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The study does not prove that poor sleep accelerates brain aging. It only shows an association between poor sleep quality and signs ...

Fossils unveil how southern Europe’s ecosystem changed through Glacial-Interglacial Stages

Fossils unveil how southern Europe’s ecosystem changed through Glacial-Interglacial Stages
2024-10-23
Fossils from more than 600,000 years ago reveal how Southern Europe’s animal community shifted between warm and cold climate fluctuations, according to a study published October 23, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Beniamino Mecozzi from the Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy and colleagues. The Notarchirico site has long been valued as a source of information on the Early-Middle Pleistocene, with fossils stretching from around 695 thousand to 614 thousand years ago. The authors of the present study examined mammalian fossils at the site and how they might ...

Your ability to balance on one leg may be a reliable indicator of neuromuscular aging, with men and women showing significant declines over the decades

Your ability to balance on one leg may be a reliable indicator of neuromuscular aging, with men and women showing significant declines over the decades
2024-10-23
Your ability to balance on one leg may be a reliable indicator of neuromuscular aging, with men and women showing significant declines over the decades ### Article URL:  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0310764 Article Title: Age-related changes in gait, balance, and strength parameters: A cross-sectional study Author Countries: U.S., Taiwan Funding: AR-K25AG068368 RJP-Robert and Arlene Kogod Professorship in Geriatric Medicine KRK-W. Hall Wendel, Jr. Musculoskeletal Professorship The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. END ...

Most young adults in the UK consider non-consensual condom removal during sex to be wrong and a violation of consent, with almost 9 in 10 seeing it as a form of sexual assault, per survey of 18-25-yea

Most young adults in the UK consider non-consensual condom removal during sex to be wrong and a violation of consent, with almost 9 in 10 seeing it as a form of sexual assault, per survey of 18-25-yea
2024-10-23
Most young adults in the UK consider non-consensual condom removal during sex to be wrong and a violation of consent, with almost 9 in 10 seeing it as a form of sexual assault, per survey of 18-25-year-olds ### Article URL:  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298561 Article Title: A UK survey of young people’s views on condom removal during sex Author Countries: U.K. Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. END ...

Under climate change scenarios, 30-44% more land in Ethiopia might become suitable for growing arabica coffee by 2080, although some cultivated areas might also become unsuitable, per modelling study

Under climate change scenarios, 30-44% more land in Ethiopia might become suitable for growing arabica coffee by 2080, although some cultivated areas might also become unsuitable, per modelling study
2024-10-23
Under climate change scenarios, 30-44% more land in Ethiopia might become suitable for growing arabica coffee by 2080, although some cultivated areas might also become unsuitable, per modelling study ### Article URL:  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0310945 Article Title: Analysis of current and future bioclimatic suitability for C. arabica production in Ethiopia Author Countries: Ethiopia Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. END ...

Cockroaches and maggots might be able to turn an invasive seaweed into a high quality compost, finds a new experimental study which provides hope for the environment and the circular economy

Cockroaches and maggots might be able to turn an invasive seaweed into a high quality compost, finds a new experimental study which provides hope for the environment and the circular economy
2024-10-23
Cockroaches and maggots might be able to turn an invasive seaweed into a high quality compost, finds a new experimental study which provides hope for the environment and the circular economy ### Article URL:  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0311483 Article Title: Invertebrate composting quality of the invasive alga Rugulopteryx okamurae, prospects for its bio-recycling, management and circular economy Author Countries: Spain Funding: All the financial support has been received by professor Jose Carlos García-Gómez and any funder have influence in the research. The details are: - JCGG (68/83 / 4081/0171) Organization of American ...

Implantable device may prevent death from opioid overdose

Implantable device may prevent death from opioid overdose
2024-10-23
The opioid epidemic claims more 70,000 lives each year in the U.S., and lifesaving interventions are urgently needed. Although naloxone, sold as an over-the-counter nasal spray or injectable, saves lives by quickly restoring normal breathing during an overdose, administrating the medication requires a knowledgeable bystander ­– limiting its lifesaving potential. A team from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Northwestern University in Chicago has developed a device that may rescue people from overdose without bystander help. In animal studies, the researchers found that the implantable device detects an overdose, rapidly delivers naloxone ...

Half of young adults support prison time for non-consensual condom removal

2024-10-23
Almost nine in 10 young adults in the UK believe that removing a condom during sex without the other person’s permission is sexual assault, and around half support prison time as a penalty, finds a new study by UCL researchers. This is the first UK study to cover views on non-consensual condom removal. It is published in PLOS ONE and surveyed 1,729 people between the ages of 18 and 25, living in the UK. Young people were chosen as the focus of the study as, out of all demographics, they use condoms the most. The survey consisted of several examples of non-consensual condom removal, which ...

‘Paleo-robots’ to help scientists understand how fish started to walk on land

‘Paleo-robots’ to help scientists understand how fish started to walk on land
2024-10-23
The transition from water to land is one of the most significant events in the history of life on Earth. Now, a team of roboticists, palaeontologists and biologists is using robots to study how the ancestors of modern land animals transitioned from swimming to walking, about 390 million years ago. Writing in the journal Science Robotics, the research team, led by the University of Cambridge, outline how ‘palaeo-inspired robotics’ could provide a valuable experimental approach to studying how the pectoral and pelvic fins of ancient fish evolved ...

Study: Robotic automation, AI will speed up scientific progress in science laboratories

Study: Robotic automation, AI will speed up scientific progress in science laboratories
2024-10-23
Science laboratories across disciplines—chemistry, biochemistry and materials science—are on the verge of a sweeping transformation as robotic automation and AI lead to faster and more precise experiments that unlock breakthroughs in fields like health, energy and electronics, according to UNC-Chapel Hill researchers in the paper, “Transforming Science Labs into Automated Factories of Discovery,” published in Science Robotics, the most prestigious journal covering robotics research. “Today, the development of new molecules, materials and chemical systems requires ...
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