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Medicine10 Nov 2023

Gut bacteria protects against diarrhoeal disease

Gut bacteria protects against diarrhoeal disease Peer reviewed - Systematic review – people and animals The severity of a diarrhoeal disease could be down to the bacteria in your gut – according to new research from the University of East Anglia. Cryptosporidiosis is responsible for over 100,000 deaths annually – predominantly in children under five. It also affects animals, and a new study published today shows that large animals – including primates - with less different ...

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Science10 Nov 2023

Found at last: Bizarre, egg-laying mammal finally rediscovered after 60 years

A long-beaked echidna named after Sir David Attenborough and last seen by scientists in 1961 has been photographed for the first time in an Indonesian tropical forest. An international team of researchers worked with local communities to deploy over 80 camera traps to film the elusive animal. Besides rediscovering the echidna, the team uncovered a wealth of species completely new to science, including beetles, spiders, and a remarkable tree-dwelling shrimp. A wide range of images and video footage from the expedition are available (see link below). More than sixty years after it was last recorded, an expedition ...

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Medicine10 Nov 2023

WHO updates its guidance on treatments for COVID-19

A panel of international experts representing the World Health Organization’s Guideline Development Group has updated its guidance on treatments for patients with covid-19. The new recommendations published by The BMJ are part of a living guideline, developed by the World Health Organization with the methodological support of MAGIC Evidence Ecosystem Foundation, to provide up to date, trustworthy guidance on the management of covid-19 and help doctors make better decisions with their patients. The guidance ...

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Medicine10 Nov 2023

UTHealth Houston researchers awarded $2.6 million NIH grant to study molecular pathways and potential strategies for treatment of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury

A four-year, $2.6 million grant to study circadian rhythm and novel therapies to protect the heart during a heart attack or cardiac surgery has been awarded to UTHealth Houston by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health. Principal investigator Holger Eltzschig, MD, PhD, professor, and co-investigator Wei Ruan, MD, PhD, assistant professor, from the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, are studying translational, pharmacologic, and interventional strategies targeting ...

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Medicine10 Nov 2023

What human diseases can teach us about the immune system

The immune system is a crucial part of our survival, regularly fending off wide-ranging attacks on the body, both internal and external. Unsurprisingly, the elegant defense system that protects us from viruses, bacterial infections, cancer, and other threats is immensely complicated. Each time it mounts a response, it must quickly and carefully orchestrate communication across vast numbers of cells and molecules. Jennifer Oyler-Yaniv is working to figure out how, exactly, the immune system does this — and when and why it fails. “There's always the next question, the next ...

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Medicine10 Nov 2023

Texas A&M researchers contribute to international project studying coronavirus transmission in humans, cattle

Researchers from the Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences’ (VMBS) Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) program have joined an international team studying how coronaviruses are spread and whether an individual’s microbiome (the collection of microbes living in or on the body) might impact that transmission. Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause a variety of diseases in many species, from the common cold and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in people, to diarrhea in calves and respiratory disease in ...

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Space10 Nov 2023

NASA’s Webb, Hubble telescopes combine to create most colorful view of universe

Astronomers once again have combined the observational powers of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope to create one of the most detailed and colorful portraits of the cosmos, just in time for the holiday season. The new image, dubbed the Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster by the research team that includes Texas A&M University astronomer Dr. Lifan Wang, combines visible light from Hubble with infrared light detected by Webb to showcase MACS0416, a galaxy cluster about 4.3 billion light-years from Earth. Because the cluster is able to magnify the light from more distant background galaxies through a phenomenon known as gravitational ...

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Medicine10 Nov 2023

Ten 2023 postdoctoral fellowships in aging research awarded by the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research and AFAR

NEW YORK, NY and SANTA BARBARA, CA — The American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) and the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research are pleased to announce the recipients of the 2023 Glenn Foundation for Medical Research Postdoctoral Fellowships in Aging Research. This program supports postdoctoral fellowswho study basic research mechanisms of aging and/or translational findings that have potential to directly benefit human health. Selected through a rigorous review process, ten, one-year, $75,000 Postdoctoral ...

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Science10 Nov 2023

Mystery solved: how hummingbirds fly through gaps that are too small

Soaring, wings outstretched, many birds sail through the air unhindered. However, species that dine on fruit, seeds and nectar must negotiate tiny gaps in cluttered foliage to secure a feast. To pass through apertures, many birds pull in their wings, folding them closer to their bodies. However, some of the most manoeuvrable aviators, hummingbirds, have lost the ability to fold their wings at the wrists and elbows. ‘Unless hummingbirds implement distinctive strategies to transit narrow apertures, they may be unable to enter gaps less than one wingspan wide’, ...

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Science10 Nov 2023

Hummingbirds' unique sideways flutter gets them through small apertures

Most birds that flit through dense, leafy forests have a strategy for maneuvering through tight windows in the vegetation — they bend their wings at the wrist or elbow and barrel through. But hummingbirds can't bend their wing bones during flight, so how do they transit the gaps between leaves and tangled branches? A study published today in the Journal of Experimental Biology shows that hummingbirds have evolved their own unique strategies — two of them, in fact. These strategies have not been reported before, likely because hummers maneuver too ...

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Science10 Nov 2023

National analysis suggests that potentially serious complications occur in 1 in 18 procedures under the care of an anaesthetist

New survey data from the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (NAP7) published in Anaesthesia (the journal of the Association of Anaesthetists) shows that potentially serious complications occur in one in 18 procedures under the care of an anaesthetist. The risk factors associated with these potentially serious complications include very young age (babies); comorbidities; being male; increased frailty; the urgency and extent of surgery; and surgery taking place at night and/or at weekends. This paper has been produced by a team of authors across ...

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Medicine9 Nov 2023

Study finds that laser epilation reduces risk of recurrence of pilonidal disease

Laser epilation, commonly known as laser hair removal, reduced the risk of recurrence in patients with pilonidal disease, an inflammatory, painful, and sometimes chronic or recurring condition, according to research conducted by Peter C. Minneci, M.D., Chair of Surgery at Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware Valley, and published in JAMA Surgery. Pilonidal disease occurs when cysts form between the buttocks. It is believed to be an inflammatory reaction to hair or debris that gets caught in the crease of the buttocks. The disease occurs in 26 to 100 per 100,000 people and is most common in adolescents and young ...

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Science9 Nov 2023

The U.S. Supreme Court restricted abortion rights and public support for abortion increased

A new study examining the effects of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling on Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization on June 24, 2022, which overturned Roe v. Wade's constitutional protection of abortion rights, finds that the American public's support for abortion increased after the decision. The findings were published today in Nature Behaviour. "Our results show the extent to which the Supreme Court is out of step with the American public," says co-author Sean Westwood, an associate professor of government at Dartmouth and director of the Polarization Research Lab. The study's findings were based on a large, three-wave survey before the leak ...

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Social Science9 Nov 2023

New evidence that heightened pain sensitivity is linked to sympathy for opposing political views

The next time your friend displays remarkable openness to their opposite political camp’s ideas, you might try pinching them. Okay, we don’t really recommend that. But new evidence shows that people with increased sensitivity to pain are also more likely to endorse values more common to people of their opposite political persuasion. It doesn’t stop there. They also show stronger support for the other camp’s politicians, and, get this -- more likely to vote for Donald Trump in 2020 if they are liberal, or Joe Biden if they are conservative. Even ...

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Medicine9 Nov 2023

C-Path’s pioneering neuroscience workshop transforms the landscape of neurological disorder therapies

Critical Path Institute (C-Path) is pleased to announce the release of a new peer-reviewed publication, titled “Transforming Drug Development for Neurological Disorders: Proceedings from a Multi-disease Area Workshop,” now published in Neurotherapeutics, The Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics. A distinguished team of C-Path scientists and patient-advocates spearheaded by Diane Stephenson, Ph.D., C-Path’s Executive Director of the Critical Path for Parkinson’s Consortium (CPP), has presented its learnings from C-Path’s 2022 Neuroscience Program Annual Workshop. The publication can be accessed in its entirety here. Neurological ...

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Technology9 Nov 2023

How to use AI for discovery — without leading science astray

Over the past decade, AI has permeated nearly every corner of science: Machine learning models have been used to predict protein structures, estimate the fraction of the Amazon rainforest that has been lost to deforestation and even classify faraway galaxies that might be home to exoplanets. But while AI can be used to speed scientific discovery — helping researchers make predictions about phenomena that may be difficult or costly to study in the real world — it can also lead scientists astray. In the same way that chatbots sometimes “hallucinate,” ...

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Technology9 Nov 2023

Ultrafast lasers on ultra-tiny chips

Lasers have become relatively commonplace in everyday life, but they have many uses outside of providing light shows at raves and scanning barcodes on groceries. Lasers are also of great importance in telecommunications and computing as well as biology, chemistry, and physics research. In those latter applications, lasers that can emit extremely short pulses—those on the order of one-trillionth of a second (one picosecond) or shorter—are especially useful. Using lasers operating on such small timescales, researchers can study physical and chemical ...

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Science9 Nov 2023

Pesticides, herbicides, fungicides detected in New York state beeswax

An analysis of beeswax in managed honeybee hives in New York found a wide variety of pesticide, herbicide and fungicide residues – exposing current and future generations of bees to long-term toxicity. The study, published in the Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, notes that people may be similarly exposed through contaminated honey, pollen and wax in cosmetics. Though the chemicals found in wax are not beneficial to humans, the small amounts in these products are unlikely to ...

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Medicine9 Nov 2023

Study reveals bacterial protein capable of keeping human cells healthy

Researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil, partnering with colleagues in Australia, have identified a novel bacterial protein that can keep human cells healthy even when the cells have a heavy bacterial burden. The discovery could lead to new treatments for a wide array of diseases relating to mitochondrial dysfunction, such as cancer and auto-immune disorders. Mitochondria are organelles that supply most of the chemical energy needed to power cells’ biochemical reactions. An article on the study is published in the journal PNAS. The researchers ...

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Environment9 Nov 2023

Endangered thick-billed parrots at risk of losing newly identified, unprotected Sierra Madre forest habitats to logging, deforestation, study shows

DOWNLOAD PHOTOS AND VIDEO: https://sandiegozoo.box.com/s/x50kzaoukdtyjxsv9mzqgn0fu1m6kddk A binational team of scientists, using creativity and innovation, adorned dozens of endangered thick-billed parrots with tiny solar-powered satellite transmitters to track and reveal their winter migratory nesting sites in the remote treetops of the Sierra Madre Occidental ranges. Their research reveals new critical habitat, 80% of which has no formal protection. In a study published this month in the journal Global ...

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Physics9 Nov 2023

Atomic dance gives rise to a magnet

Quantum materials hold the key to a future of lightning-speed, energy-efficient information systems. The problem with tapping their transformative potential is that, in solids, the vast number of atoms often drowns out the exotic quantum properties electrons carry. Rice University researchers in the lab of quantum materials scientist Hanyu Zhu found that when they move in circles, atoms can also work wonders: When the atomic lattice in a rare-earth crystal becomes animated with a corkscrew-shaped vibration known as a chiral phonon, the crystal is transformed ...

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Space9 Nov 2023

Milky Way-like galaxy found in the early universe

Using the James Webb Space Telescope, an international team, including astronomer Alexander de la Vega of the University of California, Riverside, has discovered the most distant barred spiral galaxy similar to the Milky Way that has been observed to date. Until now it was believed that barred spiral galaxies like the Milky Way could not be observed before the universe, estimated to be 13.8 billion years old, reached half of its current age. The research, published in Nature this week, was led by scientists at the Centro de Astrobiología in Spain. “This galaxy, named ceers-2112, formed soon after ...

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Medicine9 Nov 2023

Side-effect avoiding treatment shows early promise against breast cancer in mice

New experimental evidence suggests that substances known as narrow-spectrum Wnt signaling inhibitors—which could have fewer side effects than other related substances—are capable of suppressing the growth of breast cancer tumors in mice. Aina He of Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, China, and colleagues present these findings November 9th in the open access journal PLOS Biology. While certain subtypes of breast cancer can be targeted with special medications, others can only be treated with standard chemotherapy. For some patients, chemotherapy may lead to the growth of stem cell-like cancer cells that are drug resistant. Previous ...

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Medicine9 Nov 2023

Bacteria-virus arms race provides rare window into rapid and complex evolution

As conceived by Charles Darwin in the 1800s, evolution is a slow, gradual process during which species adaptations are inherited incrementally over generations. However, today biologists can see how evolutionary changes unfold on much more accelerated timescales. Rather than the evocative plants and animals of the Galapagos Islands that Darwin studied in forming his theory of evolution, Postdoctoral Scholar Joshua Borin and Associate Professor Justin Meyer of UC San Diego’s School of Biological Sciences are documenting rapid evolutionary processes in simple laboratory flasks. Borin ...

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Medicine9 Nov 2023

Open-science “COVID Moonshot” discovers new antivirals to treat COVID-19

Although the group’s work has been freely available since its inception in March 2020, the COVID Moonshot Consortium is finally formally reporting their results. The COVID Moonshot – an open-science, crowdsourced, and patent-free drug discovery campaign targeting the SARS-CoV-2 virus – has yielded a wealth of data on the virus’s main protease, including insights that could pave the way for the development of new and better therapeutics. “The lead therapeutics described by [these researchers] may not be ready in time to affect the current pandemic, considering the timelines and challenges of drug approval,” write Brian Shoichet and Charles ...

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