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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Cancer immunotherapy candidate provokes powerful dual response in cancer and immune cells

Cancer immunotherapy drugs called PD-1 inhibitors are widely used to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer, but many patients either don’t respond or develop resistance to them. A new small-molecule drug candidate being tested in an early-stage clinical trial aims to improve patient responses to immunotherapy. Now scientists have shown, in a study published today in Nature, that the small molecule works through two different mechanisms to slow tumor growth and increase survival in lab animals. Researchers from the Tumor ...

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Science4 Oct 2023

Research shows strong link between ADHD and car crashes in older adult drivers

In a study on the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its association with crash risk among older adult drivers, researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found that older adult drivers with ADHD are at a significantly elevated crash risk compared with their counterparts without ADHD. Outcomes included hard- braking events, and self-reported traffic ticket events, and vehicular crashes. Until now research on ADHD and driving safety was largely limited to ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Pediatric RSV-associated hospitalizations before and during the pandemic

About The Study: This study found that the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalizations in Canadian pediatric hospitals was substantial, particularly among infants less than six months of age, and RSV hospitalizations increased in 2021-2022 compared with the pre-pandemic period, while severity of illness remained similar. These findings suggest that RSV preventive strategies for infants less than six months of age would be associated with decreased RSV disease burden in children. Authors: Jesse Papenburg, ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Prevalence, trends in diagnosed ADHD among children and adolescents

About The Study: Based on U.S. national representative data, the estimated attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence was 10.08% to 10.47% among children and adolescents ages 4 to 17 from 2017 to 2022, which was similar to the prevalence from the National Health Interview Survey in 2015 to 2016 (10.20%). No significant annual change in the prevalence of ADHD was found from 2017 to 2022. Notably, the estimated prevalence of ADHD among individuals in the U.S. in this study was higher than worldwide estimates (5.3%) in earlier years (1978-2005). Authors: Wenhan Yang, M.D., Ph.D., of Guangdong ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Effectiveness, safety of enteric-coated vs uncoated aspirin in patients with cardiovascular disease

About The Study: In this post hoc secondary analysis of 10,678 participants with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease from a randomized clinical trial, enteric-coated aspirin was not associated with significantly higher risk of heart attack, stroke, or death or with lower bleeding risk compared with uncoated aspirin, regardless of dose, although a reduction in bleeding with enteric-coated aspirin cannot be excluded. More research is needed to confirm whether enteric-coated aspirin formulations or newer formulations will improve outcomes in this population. Authors: Mark B. Effron, M.D., of the University of Queensland-Ochsner Clinical School in New Orleans, is the corresponding ...

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Technology4 Oct 2023

These robots helped understand how insects evolved two distinct strategies of flight

Robots built by engineers at the University of California San Diego helped achieve a major breakthrough in understanding how insect flight evolved, described in the Oct. 4, 2023 issue of the journal Nature. The study is a result of a six-year long collaboration between roboticists at UC San Diego and biophysicists at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The findings focus on how the two different modes of flight evolved in insects. Most insects use their brains to activate their flight muscles each wingstroke, just like we activate the muscles in our legs ...

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Environment4 Oct 2023

New research finds that ancient carbon in rocks releases as much carbon dioxide as the world's volcanoes

Main points: New research has overturned the traditional view that natural rock weathering acts as a CO2 sink that removes CO2 from the atmosphere. Instead, this can also act as a large CO2 source, rivalling that of volcanoes. The results have important implications for modelling climate change scenarios but at the moment, CO2 release from rock weathering is not captured in climate modelling. Future work will focus on whether human activities may be increasing CO2 release from rock weathering, and how this could be managed. A new study led by the University of Oxford has overturned the view ...

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Physics4 Oct 2023

New "Assembly Theory" unifies physics and biology to explain evolution and complexity

An international team of researchers has developed a new theoretical framework that bridges physics and biology to provide a unified approach for understanding how complexity and evolution emerge in nature. This new work on "Assembly Theory," published today in Nature, represents a major advance in our fundamental comprehension of biological evolution and how it is governed by the physical laws of the universe. This research builds on the team's previous work developing Assembly Theory as an empirically validated approach to life detection, ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Unlocking the secrets of neuronal function: a universal workflow

Biophysically detailed neuronal models provide a unique window into the workings of individual neurons. They enable researchers to manipulate neuronal properties systematically and reversibly, something that is often impossible in real-world experiments. These in silico models have played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of how neuronal morphology influences excitability and how specific ion currents contribute to cell function. Additionally, they have been instrumental in building neuronal circuits to simulate and study brain activity, offering ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Munich neuroscientist receives around 1.5 million euros for research into ALS and FTD

Dr. Qihui Zhou, a neuroscientist at DZNE’s Munich site, has been awarded a “Starting Grant” from the European Research Council (ERC) worth about 1.5 million euros to investigate disease mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). With her studies, which will focus on the role of immune cells in the disease process and on the most common genetic forms of ALS and FTD, Zhou aims to pave the way for better treatments. ALS and FTD are devastating diseases characterized by loss of brain cells for which there ...

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Social Science4 Oct 2023

INSEAD launches world’s largest XR immersive learning library for management education and research

First business school to launch comprehensive library of VR Learning Experiences to make management education more impactful and to advance management research VR Learning Experiences already used by 40+ professors and 13K+ learners at INSEAD and now available globally via the INSEAD XR Portal Professor Ithai Stern, Academic Director of the INSEAD Immersive Learning Initiative, wins 2023 Strategic Management Society Educational Impact Award for his contribution to quality and innovation of strategic management teaching Fontainebleau ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Largest dataset of thousands of proteins marks landmark step for research into human health

Today, [Wednesday 4 October] the scientific journal Nature1 published the results of the world’s largest and most comprehensive study on the effects of common genetic variation on proteins circulating in the blood and how these associations can contribute to disease. This unprecedented population-scale investigation of proteins, powered by turning biological samples into data from UK Biobank, will help scientists better understand how and why diseases develop, which could help drive the development of new diagnostics and treatments for a wide range of health conditions. To develop this unique and unparalleled dataset, researchers measured the abundance of nearly ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Selective removal of aging cells opens new possibilities for treating age-related diseases

A research team, led by Professor Ja Hyoung Ryu from the Department of Chemistry at UNIST, in collaboration with Professor Hyewon Chung from Konkuk University, has achieved a significant breakthrough in the treatment of age-related diseases. Their cutting-edge technology offers a promising new approach by selectively removing aging cells, without harming normal healthy cells. This groundbreaking development is poised to redefine the future of healthcare and usher in a new era of targeted therapeutic interventions. Aging cells, known as senescent cells, contribute to various inflammatory conditions and age-related ailments as humans age. To address this issue, the research team focused on ...

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Science4 Oct 2023

CHOP researchers find barriers to driver training and licensure, especially among low-income teens

Philadelphia, October 2, 2023 – Researchers from the Center for Injury Research and Prevention (CIRP) at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the Stuart Weitzman School of Design at the University of Pennsylvania have found that teenagers living in lower-income areas of the Columbus, Ohio metro area are up to four times less likely to complete driver training and obtain their driver’s license before age 18. Long travel times to driving schools also impacted enrollment in driver education, affecting those from both higher- and lower-income areas. The findings, originally published in the journals Accident Analysis and Prevention ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Vulnerability found in immunotherapy-resistant triple-negative breast cancer

Researchers at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center have discovered a druggable target on natural killer cells that could potentially trigger a therapeutic response in patients with immunotherapy-resistant, triple-negative breast cancer. Currently, only about 15% of early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer patients benefit from combining immunotherapy, drugs that target immune cells to attack the tumor, with chemotherapy. Identifying why most patients don’t respond is critical for personalizing treatment plans and minimizing therapy ...

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Earth Science4 Oct 2023

Discovery of massive undersea water reservoir could explain New Zealand’s mysterious slow earthquakes

Researchers have discovered a sea’s worth of water locked within the sediment and rock of a lost volcanic plateau that’s now deep in the Earth’s crust. Revealed by a 3D seismic image, the water lies two miles under the ocean floor off the coast of New Zealand, where it may be dampening a major earthquake fault that faces the country’s North Island. The fault is known for producing slow-motion earthquakes, called slow slip events. These can release pent-up tectonic pressure harmlessly over days and weeks. Scientists want to know why they happen more often at some ...

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Science4 Oct 2023

Should fathers be screened for postpartum depression?

Dads can suffer from postpartum depression, and a new pilot study at the University of Illinois Chicago suggests they can and should be screened for the condition. Given the intertwined effects of mothers’ and fathers’ physical and mental health, addressing the health of fathers may be a powerful untapped tool in improving the nation’s ongoing maternal health crisis. The researchers got mothers’ permission to interview and screen 24 dads, 30% of whom screened positive for postpartum depression on the same tool ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

BGI Genomics breaks new ground in Saudi Arabian precision medicine

The Saudi Society of Medical Genetics Annual Conference 2023 was held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on September 29-30, 2023. As the most authoritative academic conference on precision medicine in the Kingdom, this conference attracted global experts worldwide. One of the highlights of the conference was the presentation entitled "Spatial-temporal sequencing and some large-scale application of precision medicine technologies," delivered by Dr. Louis (Renyuan) Luo, VP of BGI Genomics West Asia, at the invitation of the Saudi Society of Medical Genetics. Dr. Luo's presentation discussed the importance of spatiotemporal sequencing technology ...

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Science4 Oct 2023

Portable laboratory devices can detect SARS-CoV-2

Washington, D.C. — A new study has demonstrated rapid and sensitive on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from environmental surfaces using a portable laboratory device. The study was published in Microbiology Spectrum, a journal of the American Society for Microbiology. “Our findings hold promising implications for scenarios where access to testing laboratories is challenging, such as in cruise ships, international travel, remote islands and tourist destinations,” said lead study author Kouichi Kitamura, Ph.D., National Institute of Infectious ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Challenges in acute heart attack care continue post COVID-19

A door-to-balloon (D2B) time of 90-minutes or less is associated with improved outcomes for heart attack patients. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic certain obstacles—including the need for COVID-19 screening, associated isolation procedures and terminal cleaning in the cardiac cath lab—led to increased D2B times. According to a new study, presented at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) Quality Summit 2023, many health care facilities are still recovering from the pandemic and facing new challenges, causing D2B times to continue to lag. A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs when there has been a blockage ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Researchers design potential therapy to prevent brain deterioration in children with rare genetic conditions

Francis Crick Institute press release Under strict embargo: 14:00 BST / 09:00hrs ET Wednesday 4 October 2023 Peer reviewed Observational and experimental studies People and cells A research team at the Francis Crick Institute and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH)/UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health have identified new potential treatments for children with rare genetic conditions of blood vessels, which cause severe, lifelong, and disabling symptoms like seizures and impaired development. Through two papers published today in the Journal of Investigative ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Reactivate, repurpose, and rewire the brain

Developing brains become shaped by the sights, sounds, and experiences of early life. The brain’s circuits grow more stable as we age. However, some experiences later in life open up opportunities for these circuits to be rapidly rewired. New research from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Associate Professor Stephen Shea helps explain how the brain adapts during a critical period of adulthood: the time when new mothers learn to care for their young. Shea’s work in mice shows how this learning process ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery names new executive director after yearlong search

After a yearlong and extensive nationwide search, the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), the nation’s largest professional organization of bariatric and metabolic surgeons and integrated health professionals, has named healthcare association veteran Diane M. Enos MPH, RDN, CAE, FAND, to serve as its new executive director. Before joining ASMBS, Enos, a registered dietitian and certified association executive with a master’s degree in public health from the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, was Chief Learning Officer of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, ...

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Medicine4 Oct 2023

Antibody therapy inspired by patient case reduced tau tangles in a preclinical model of Alzheimer’s disease

A team led by researchers from Mass General Brigham reports promising results for a monoclonal antibody that takes aim at a new target for Alzheimer’s disease. Inspired by their previous identification of a genetic variant in the APOE gene that provides extreme resistance against Alzheimer’s disease, the team, which includes investigators from Mass Eye and Ear and Massachusetts General Hospital, developed a therapy that mimics the behavior of this genetic variant in a preclinical model, reducing ...

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Science4 Oct 2023

Demystifying the role of plant x- and y-type thioredoxins

The potential for exposure to fluctuating light has necessitated that plants evolve protective mechanisms for when the light intensity exceeds photosynthetic capacity. Under these conditions, reactive oxygen species cause photoinhibition, which hinders photosynthetic efficiency. To counter this loss in photosynthetic efficiency, chloroplasts evolved thioredoxin (Trx) proteins that regulate redox balance within the photosynthetic apparatus and provide a photoprotective function. These proteins allow plants to modulate photosynthesis in response to variations in light intensity. ...

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