CAMBRIDGE, MA -- At any given time, cirrus clouds — the thin wisps of vapor that trail across the sky — cover nearly one-third of the globe. These clouds coalesce in the upper layers of the troposphere, often more than 10 miles above the Earth's surface. Cirrus clouds influence global climate, cooling the planet by reflecting incoming solar radiation and warming it by trapping outgoing heat. Understanding the mechanisms by which these clouds form may help scientists better predict future climate patterns. Now an interdisciplinary team from MIT, the National Oceanic ...

EAST LANSING, Mich. — Mosquitoes are deadly efficient disease transmitters. Research conducted at Michigan State University, however, demonstrates that they also can be equally adept in curing diseases such as malaria. A study in the current issue of Science shows that the transmission of malaria via mosquitoes to humans can be interrupted by using a strain of the bacteria Wolbachia in the insects. In a sense, Wolbachia would act as a vaccine of sorts for mosquitoes that would protect them from malaria parasites. Treating mosquitoes would prevent them from transmitting ...

An article published recently in Tumor Microenvironment and Therapy - an open access journal by Versita, defines a novel mechanism of tumor hypoxia induced by the longitudinal gradient of residual oxygen along tumor vessels as they transverse the tumor. Growing evidence from experimental studies and clinical trials suggests a fundamental role of hypoxia in solid tumors. The mechanisms leading to hypoxia include the rapid rate of tumor growth, poor tumor perfusion or transiently disrupted tumor blood flow. Now, scientists from the University of Pennsylvania, led by Professor ...

EUGENE, Ore. -- A surprisingly large number of women 18 or older choose to delay or skip monthly menstruation by deviating from the instructions of birth-control pills and other hormonal contraceptives, a team of University of Oregon researchers and others found in a study of female students at the university. Most women who alter bleeding cycles do so for convenience rather than to avoid menstrual symptoms, and many learn about the option from nonmedical sources, according to research by the university's Department of Human Physiology, Portland-based Oregon Health and ...

By monitoring the behavior of a class of cells in the brains of living mice, neuroscientists at Johns Hopkins discovered that these cells remain highly dynamic in the adult brain, where they transform into cells that insulate nerve fibers and help form scars that aid in tissue repair. Published online April 28 in the journal Nature Neuroscience, their work sheds light on how these multipurpose cells communicate with each other to maintain a highly regular, grid-like distribution throughout the brain and spinal cord. The disappearance of one of these so-called progenitor ...

With simple and innovative measures, public agencies at state and local levels can play a significant role in promoting healthier eating habits—steps that could make a difference in curbing the nation's obesity epidemic. One effective option, according to researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, is requiring restaurants to include calorie counts on menus, along with the physical activity equivalents required to burn off a meal. The researchers, who examined studies on calorie labeling and regulatory options available to local governments, offer ...

Women who engage in "fat talk" — the self-disparaging remarks girls and women make in relation to eating, exercise or their bodies — are less liked by their peers, a new study from the University of Notre Dame finds. Led by Alexandra Corning, research associate professor of psychology and director of Notre Dame's Body Image and Eating Disorder Lab, the study was presented recently at the Midwestern Psychological Association annual conference. In the study, college-age women were presented with a series of photos of either noticeably thin or noticeably overweight women ...

The era is long gone when a romantic breakup meant ripped-up photos and burned love letters. Today, digital photos and emails can be quickly deleted but the proliferation of social media has made forgetting a bigger chore. What about the ubiquitous digital records of a once beloved that lurk on Facebook, tumblr, and flicker? "People are keeping huge collections of digital possessions," says Steve Whittaker, a psychology professor at UC Santa Cruz who specializes in human-computer interaction. "There has been little exploration of the negative role of digital possessions ...

Purdue has applied for a patent on the technique. INFORMATION: Writer: Emil Venere, 765-494-4709, venere@purdue.edu Sources: Douglas E. Adams, 765-449-4249, deadams@purdue.edu James Caruthers, 756-494-6625, caruthers@purdue.edu Related websites: Douglas Adams: https://engineering.purdue.edu/ME/People/ptProfile?id=12366 James Caruthers: https://engineering.purdue.edu/ChE/People/ptProfile?id=24829 IMAGE CAPTION: This thermal image was recorded using a new tool developed at Purdue that detects flaws in lithium-ion batteries as they are being manufactured, a ...

Researchers have made a significant first step with newly engineered biomaterials for cell transplantation that could help lead to a possible cure for Type 1 diabetes, which affects about 3 million Americans. Georgia Tech engineers and Emory University clinicians have successfully engrafted insulin-producing cells into a diabetic mouse model, reversing diabetic symptoms in the animal in as little as 10 days. The research team engineered a biomaterial to protect the cluster of insulin-producing cells – donor pancreatic islets – during injection. The material also contains ...

VIDEO: Researchers have unlocked a new door to developing drugs to slow the progression of Parkinson's disease. They have discovered the 3-D structure of the protein Parkin. Mutations in Parkin cause... Click here for more information. McGill University researchers have unlocked a new door to developing drugs to slow the progression of Parkinson's disease. Collaborating teams led by Dr. Edward A. Fon at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital -The Neuro, and Dr. ...

The Arctic was very warm during a period roughly 3.5 to 2 million years ago--a time when research suggests that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was roughly comparable to today's--leading to the conclusion that relatively small fluctuations in carbon dioxide levels can have a major influence on Arctic climate, according to a new analysis of the longest terrestrial sediment core ever collected in the Arctic. "One of our major findings is that the Arctic was very warm in the middle Pliocene and Early Pleistocene--roughly 3.6 to 2.2 million years ago--when ...

Scientists have identified many benefits for restoring oyster reefs to Chesapeake Bay and other coastal ecosystems. Oysters filter and clean the water, provide habitat for their own young and for other species, and sustain both watermen and seafood lovers. A new study co-authored by Professor Roger Mann of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science adds another item to this list of benefits—the ability of oyster reefs to buffer the increasing acidity of ocean waters. The study, "Ecosystem effects of shell aggregations and cycling in coastal waters: An example of Chesapeake ...

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has found the building blocks for Earth-sized planets in an unlikely place-- the atmospheres of a pair of burned-out stars called white dwarfs. These dead stars are located 150 light-years from Earth in a relatively young star cluster, Hyades, in the constellation Taurus. The star cluster is only 625 million years old. The white dwarfs are being polluted by asteroid-like debris falling onto them. Hubble's Cosmic Origins Spectrograph observed silicon and only low levels of carbon in the white dwarfs' atmospheres. Silicon is a major ingredient ...

The large-scale expansion of agriculture in the Amazon through deforestation will be a no-win scenario, according to a new study. Published today, 10 May, in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters, it shows that deforestation will not only reduce the capacity of the Amazon's natural carbon sink, but will also inflict climate feedbacks that will decrease the productivity of pasture and soybeans. The researchers used model simulations to assess how the agricultural yield of the Amazon would be affected under two different land-use scenarios: a business-as-usual ...

WASHINGTON — Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have used tiny doses of a leukemia drug to halt accumulation of toxic proteins linked to Parkinson's disease in the brains of mice. This finding provides the basis to plan a clinical trial in humans to study the effects. They say their study, published online May 10 in Human Molecular Genetics, offers a unique and exciting strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases that feature abnormal buildup of proteins in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia, ...

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who also have allergic disease have higher levels of respiratory symptoms and are at higher risk for COPD exacerbations, according to a new study from researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. "Although allergic sensitization and allergen exposure are known to be associated with impairments in lung function, the effects of allergic disease on respiratory symptoms in COPD patients has only recently been studied," said researcher Nadia N. Hansel, MD, MPH, associate professor of medicine at the Johns ...

Having trouble falling or staying asleep? According to a new study led by a team of researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, insomnia may be an important indicator of future hospitalization among middle-aged and older adults. They examined the association between insomnia and use of home healthcare services, nursing homes and hospitalization and found that insomnia symptoms experienced by middle-aged and older adults were associated with greater future use of costly health services. The results are featured online in the Journal of Gerontology: ...

LA JOLLA, Calif., May 10, 2013 – Children born with rare, inherited conditions known as Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation, or CDG, have mutations in one of the many enzymes the body uses to decorate its proteins and cells with sugars. Properly diagnosing a child with CDG and pinpointing the exact sugar gene that's mutated can be a huge relief for parents—they better understand what they're dealing with and doctors can sometimes use that information to develop a therapeutic approach. Whole-exome sequencing, an abbreviated form of whole-genome sequencing, is increasingly ...

New law makes prison mandatory in child pornography cases Article provided by KOHN & SMITH LLP Visit us at http://www.kohnandsmith.com When an individual is accused of a sex crime, it will often become a very high-profile case. Media may cover the matter extensively, making it difficult to find an impartial jury. Suspects will often need to clear their name with the public before going into the courtroom. Besides prison time and fines, there are other severe consequences that may result from being convicted of a sex crime. In most cases, a conviction means ...

Modifications of child custody and support in Texas Article provided by Fullenweider Wilhite Visit us at http://www.fullenweider.com For divorcing parents, determining child custody ("conservatorship"), visitation and child support may be the most important aspects of the divorce process, since no parent wants to be without his or her child. Sometimes there is concern that a child custody order or child support order is set in stone. In Texas, courts have the ability to modify those orders dependent on certain circumstances. Modification of child custody ...

Disability application process involves lengthy wait times Article provided by Law Offices of Judith S. Leland, APLC Visit us at http://www.disabilitylawfirm.com California residents unable to work due to a disability are usually eligible for Social Security disability benefits. These benefits provide financial stability for elderly or retired individuals as well as those who can no longer work because of an injury. However, a complete understanding of the application process is necessary before applying. More than one million people file for disability benefits ...

How to help your teen adjust after divorce Article provided by Maisie A. Barringer, Partner at Jenkins & Kamin, L.L.P. Visit us at http://www.barringerfamilylaw.com Divorce is a major transition for any family. However, it is particularly difficult for families who have children living at home. Children often have a hard time understanding why their parents are divorcing, and they may struggle to adapt to a new post-divorce lifestyle. This is especially true for teenagers. The teenage years are difficult enough, with teens working to establish a sense of ...

The cost of construction accidents for Massachusetts workers Article provided by Ellis Law Offices LLP Visit us at http://www.ellislawoffices.com In February WPRI reported that a construction worker in Swansea needed emergency assistance after a dock collapsed on top of him. The man, who was taken to a nearby hospital, was apparently in the process of building the structure and the cause of the accident, as well as his overall condition, was unknown. When an on-the-job accident like this occurs a construction worker can be seriously injured, creating a domino ...

Children in NY can be responsible for their parents' nursing home costs Article provided by Felicia Pasculli Visit us at http://www.pascullilaw.com/ Long-term care is expensive. Recent estimates put the costs of nursing home care at over $400 per day. People who need long-term care generally pay for it using one or all of the below ways: -Personal savings (the AARP estimates one-third of nursing home residence pay for all their care) -Long-term care insurance -Medicaid coverage for those who qualify In order to obtain Medicaid coverage, a nursing home resident ...