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American lobster population, habitat preferences shifting, study finds
Science

American lobster population, habitat preferences shifting, study finds

American lobsters along Maine’s coast have relocated to new habitats, while the population simultaneously shrunk in abundance and grew older, according to a new study by University of Maine researchers. For decades, the vast majority of adult lobsters resided in boulder shelter habitats. This knowledge helped inform longtime conservation efforts and regulations within the more than $740 million fishery. A team of UMaine scientists, however, found that from 1995-2021, occupancy of boulder habitats dropped 60%. Meanwhile, the number ...

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ASA invites media to virtual acoustics meeting Nov. 18-22
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ASA invites media to virtual acoustics meeting Nov. 18-22

MELVILLE, N.Y., Oct. 17, 2024 – The Acoustical Society of America is hosting a virtual meeting Nov. 18-22. Journalists are invited to virtually attend press conferences on Monday, Nov. 18 and attend technical sessions on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday. This scientific conference brings together interdisciplinary groups of acoustics professionals, spanning many fields, including physics, medicine, and music, to discuss the latest advancements. From dinosaurs to pipe organs, the virtual conference will cover a wide range of topics. Experts will present ...

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Nonnative plants are a major force behind global insect invasions, new study finds

In an article in the journal BioScience, an international team of researchers led by Dr. Cleo Bertelsmeier from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, argue that the global spread of nonnative plants is a key factor driving the growing number of insect invasions worldwide. The research challenges traditional assumptions about the principal causes of nonnative insect invasions. The authors note that when nonnative plants become established in new regions, they create ecological niches that permit the establishment of insect species from the plants' native ranges, which can produce further cascading effects: "Plant invasions ...

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ACS program cuts surgical deaths and improves care for older adults, studies show
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ACS program cuts surgical deaths and improves care for older adults, studies show

Key Takeaways The American College of Surgeons Geriatric Surgery Verification program is a quality-improvement program aimed at improving the care of older adult patients. The program consists of 32 evidence-based standards. The death rate after surgery was reduced by nearly half — from 10.2% to 5.7% — at one hospital after implementing the ACS GSV program standards. The proportion of patients with documented care preferences, including advanced-care directives, nearly tripled after implementing the program standards. Implementing ...

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New catalyst breakthrough: Improving oxygen reduction reaction with dual nitrogen sources

Fuel cells and metal-air batteries are considered the future of clean energy technology, but they rely on one critical reaction—the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)—to convert energy efficiently. Traditionally, platinum (Pt) and its alloys have been the go-to catalysts for this process due to their high activity, but they come with significant drawbacks, such as high cost and poor stability. Now, a team of researchers led by Yuan Zhao from Jinling Institute of Technology (China) may have found a promising solution. Their ...

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Study shows that Rett syndrome in females is not just less severe, but different

A new UC Davis MIND Institute study offers critical insights into Rett syndrome, a rare genetic condition that affects mostly girls. The research reveals how this condition affects males and females differently, with symptoms progression linked to changes in gene responses in brain cells. Rett syndrome is caused by mutations of the MECP2 gene located on the X chromosome. Children with Rett initially show typical development before symptoms start. The symptoms vary widely. They include loss of hand function, breathing difficulties and seizures that affect the child’s ability to speak, walk, and eat. Rett is less common in males, ...

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Manliness concerns impede forgiveness of coworkers
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Manliness concerns impede forgiveness of coworkers

To forgive is to move on and set a foundation for a brighter future. In the workplace, forgiveness makes for healthier and more effective workgroups, especially when co-worker transgressions are minor and the need for effective collaboration is essential. One's sense of masculinity, however, can impede an ability to forgive, a study led by UC Riverside associate professor of management Michael Haselhuhn has found. The more men are concerned about appearing masculine, the less likely they will forgive a co-worker for a transgression such as missing an important meeting, ...

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Raising happy eaters: Unlocking the secrets of childhood appetite
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Raising happy eaters: Unlocking the secrets of childhood appetite

URBANA, Ill. — The foundation for healthy eating behavior starts in infancy. Young children learn to regulate their appetite through a combination of biological, psychological, and sociological factors. In a new paper, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign propose a model that explores these factors and their interactions, providing guidelines for better understanding childhood appetite self-regulation. “When we talk about obesity, the common advice is often to just eat less and exercise more. That’s a simplistic recommendation, which almost makes it seem ...

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FAPESP and CNR plan to launch joint call for proposals in April 2025
Science

FAPESP and CNR plan to launch joint call for proposals in April 2025

FAPESP representatives visited the headquarters of Italy’s Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) in Bologna on October 16th to sign a new work plan that will enable the implementation of a cooperation agreement signed by the institutions in December 2023. The aim is to enable joint funding of research projects in the following areas: Cultures, Inmaterial Heritage, Interdisciplinary Networks; Agri-food and Sustainable Development; Technology and Innovation; and Health and the Environment. Researcher mobility and ...

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AI-assisted deliberation can help people with different views find common ground

A new study shows that an artificial intelligence (AI) tool can help people with different views find common ground by more effectively summarizing the collective opinion of the group than humans. By producing statements that convey the majority opinion, while incorporating the minority’s perspective, the AI produced outputs that participants preferred—and that they rated as more informative, clear, and unbiased, compared to those written by human mediators. Human society is enriched by a plurality of viewpoints, but agreement is a prerequisite for people to act collectively. ...

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Science

Special Issue explores factors influencing democratic attitudes, and what’s at stake for science in the U.S. after November election

The health of American democracy is facing challenges, with experts pointing to recent democratic backsliding, deepening partisan divisions, and growing anti-democratic attitudes and rhetoric. In this issue of Science, Research Articles, a Policy Forum, a Science News feature, and a related Editorial highlight how the tools of science and technology are being used to address this growing concern and how the upcoming U.S. presidential election could impact U.S. science. In one research study in this special issue, Jonathan Chu and colleagues sought to understand whether understandings ...

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Catching prey with grappling hooks and cannons
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Catching prey with grappling hooks and cannons

Countless bacteria call the vastness of the oceans home, and they all face the same problem: the nutrients they need to grow and multiply are scarce and unevenly distributed in the waters around them. In some spots they are present in abundance, but in many places they are sorely lacking. This has led a few bacteria to develop into efficient hunters to tap into new sources of sustenance in the form of other microorganisms. Although this strategy is very successful, researchers have so far found only a few predatory bacterial species. One is the soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus; ...

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Mpox in Africa was neglected during the previous outbreak, and requires urgent action and investment by leaders now to prevent global spread

Mpox in Africa was neglected during the previous outbreak, and requires urgent action and investment by leaders now to prevent global spread, claim experts from The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, ex-NZ Prime Minister Helen Clark, former Liberian President and Nobel Peace Prize winner Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, and other global health specialists. #### Article URL: https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0003714 Article Title: Mpox: Neglect has led to a more dangerous virus now spreading across borders, harming and killing people. Leaders must take action to stop mpox now Author Countries: ...

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Study finds legalization didn’t increase recreational cannabis use among young adults in country of Georgia

(Boston)—Cannabis is one of the most widely used drugs, with an estimated 219 million users globally in 2021, with the highest number of users in the Americas. It is also the most used drug among young people. In the U.S., cannabis use among young adults (age 19 to 22) reached a historically high level in 2021, with 42.6% reporting use in the past year. Effects and impact of recreational cannabis legalization and decriminalization on societies is a topic of global relevance and increasing scientific interest. Despite a rapidly growing body of published evidence, findings remain mostly ...

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A.J. Drexel Autism Institute study highlights key challenges and opportunities in transitioning autistic individuals into adulthood

The Autism Transitions Research Project, funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration and led by Drexel University’s A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, has released new findings that underscore critical challenges and opportunities in transitioning autistic youth into adulthood. As approximately 1.2 million autistic individuals are expected to reach adulthood in the coming decade, these insights are vital for shaping future research and services. The study, “Challenges and Opportunities in Transitioning Autistic Individuals into Adulthood,” led by Anne M. Roux, a research scientist and director at the Policy Impact Project in the ...

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 and survival in the elderly: Polsenior2 study results
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 and survival in the elderly: Polsenior2 study results

“Of note, participants with high serum levels of FGF21 more frequently had metabolic complications, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.” BUFFALO, NY- October 17, 2024 – A new research paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science), Volume 16, Issue 19 on September 18, 2024, entitled, “Fibroblast growth factor 21 inversely correlates with survival in elderly population – the results of the Polsenior2 study.” As ...

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Science

Prevalence of glaucoma among US adults in 2022

About The Study: This meta-analysis found that an estimated 2.56% of people 40 years or older have glaucoma, slightly more than estimated by previous studies. Black individuals are disproportionately affected. Prevalence estimates at the state and county level can help guide public health planning. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Joshua R. Ehrlich, MD, MPH, email joshre@umich.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.3884) Editor’s ...

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Science

Astrobiology: Potential microbial habitats in Martian ice

Dusty ice exposed at the surface of Mars could provide the conditions necessary for the presence of photosynthetic life, according to a modelling study. The findings, published in Communications Earth & Environment, suggest that ice deposits located in the planet’s mid-latitudes should be a key location in any search for life on Mars. High levels of harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun make current life on the surface of Mars almost certainly impossible. However, a sufficiently thick layer of ice can absorb this radiation and could protect cells living below its surface. Any life in these conditions ...

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IChF tribute to the chemical imagination: the Dream Chemistry Award
Science

IChF tribute to the chemical imagination: the Dream Chemistry Award

The Dream Chemistry Award (DCA) is a one-of-a-kind competition dedicated to recognizing young scientists who dream of tackling fundamental problems in chemistry and related disciplines with visionary ideas. Established in 2013 by the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IChF), the award aims to support emerging talents in realizing their scientific dreams. Since 2017, it has been organized jointly with the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague), with the finals alternating between Prague and Warsaw. The Dream Chemistry Award empowers those pursuing ...

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Science

License to chill: Bond shows ‘regressive nostalgia’ can freeze a brand's future

Super-spy James Bond is a prime example of ‘regressive nostalgia’ highlighting how certain consumer groups cling to idealised past versions of brands and resist attempts to move with the times, a new study reveals. Researchers examined the James Bond movie franchise - a cultural icon for over 70 years - and discovered that some ‘super-consumers’ react negatively to modern portrayals of the fictional British secret agent that reflect contemporary societal values. Whilst loyal to the brand, these consumers prefer traditional, more exclusionary, versions of Bond which most closely follow author Ian Fleming’s original 1950s and 1960s vision – ...

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CDC/PEPFAR awards Georgetown $27.5 million to address HIV/AIDS in Haiti

WASHINGTON (Oct. 17, 2024) -- The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), have awarded $27.5 million to the Center for Global Health Practice and Impact (CGHPI) at Georgetown University Medical Center to expand its ongoing work in Haiti to address HIV/AIDS. For the 150,000 people in Haiti living with HIV, losing access to basic life-saving therapy can lead to unnecessary suffering, risk of transmission to others, and ...

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Unpaid caregiving is undervalued by society

WASHINGTON — Americans believe volunteering to help strangers contributes more to society than providing care for family or friends, even though they contribute billions of dollars’ worth of labor in unpaid caregiving every year, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. This perception could lead Americans of lower socioeconomic status to feel like they have less to contribute than people of higher socioeconomic status, because they often do not have the same amount of time or resources to devote to people outside of their communities. “Over ...

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Forever Chemicals found in bottled and tap water from around the world

Scientists have discovered toxic ‘Forever Chemicals’ present in samples of drinking water from around the world, a new study reveals. Researchers found 10 ‘target’ PFAS (perfluoroalkyl substances) – chemicals which do not break down in nature – in tap and bottled water available for consumption in major cities in the UK and China. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were detected in over 99% of samples of bottled water sourced from 15 countries around the world. They observed significant differences in PFAS concentrations between tap water samples from Birmingham, UK, and Shenzhen, China, with Chinese tap ...

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Researchers Identify Gene Linked to Severe Ulcerative Colitis

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and debilitating fatigue define the daily lives of millions of people worldwide who suffer from chronic bowel disease. Most of these individuals are diagnosed in their youth, and the disease’s progression can vary significantly, leaving patients uncertain about what the future holds. For some, ulcerative colitis is a manageable condition, while for others, it leads to frequent hospitalizations, complex medication regimens, and multiple surgeries. Now, researchers from the Center for ...

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New report shows pathway to telecommunications resilience in Australia

Australia is taking proactive steps to enhance the resilience of its telecommunications sector, according to a world-first report from The Australian National University (ANU). Several recent high-profile outages, contrasted with the near seamless shift to remote work during the pandemic, have shown how telecommunications resilience significantly impacts all Australians with stakes that are higher than ever before. Telecommunications underpins our lives from global commerce and emergency services to healthcare and national security and energy and transportation. Despite its ...

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