Science
press releases.

Science15 Feb 2024

Early-stage subduction invasion

Contributed by Arianna Soldati, GSA Science Communication Fellow Our planet’s lithosphere is broken into several tectonic plates. Their configuration is ever-shifting, as supercontinents are assembled and broken up, and oceans form, grow, and then start to close in what is known as the Wilson cycle. In the Wilson cycle, when a supercontinent like Pangea is broken up, an interior ocean is formed. In the case of Pangea, the interior ocean is the Atlantic. This ocean has a rift in the middle, and passive margins on the side, which means no seismic or volcanic activity occurs along its shores. Destined to keep expanding, an Atlantic-type ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

Targeting the transporter

When an enemy invades, defenders are ferried to the site to neutralise the marauders. In the human body, a protein carrier called SPNS2 transports S1P molecules from endothelial cells to rally immune cell response in infected organs and tissues. Using specially-developed nanobodies that bind to SPNS2 and enlarge the entire structure, the enlarged SPNS2 structure allows the S1P molecules to be viewed via cryogenic electron microscopy. Scientists from the Immunology Translational Research Programme at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

AERA announces 2024 Fellows

WASHINGTON, February 15, 2024—The American Educational Research Association (AERA) has announced the selection of 24 exemplary scholars as 2024 AERA Fellows. The AERA Fellows Program honors scholars for their exceptional contributions to, and excellence in, education research. Nominated by their peers, the 2024 Fellows were selected by the Fellows Committee and approved by the AERA Council, the association’s elected governing body. They will be inducted during a ceremony at the 2024 Annual Meeting in Philadelphia on April 12. With this cohort, there will be a total of 762 AERA ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

Burnout: identifying people at risk

It is not uncommon for people to “hit the wall” at work and experience burnout for short or long periods of time. “We have found that approximately 13 per cent of Norwegian employees are at high risk of burnout,” says Leon De Beer, Associate Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Department of Psychology. De Beer has contributed to a new study on burnout published in the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology with colleagues from the Healthy Workplaces research group. They are working on a new tool that can identify people at risk of burnout. ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

Study reveals accelerated aging in women living with HIV

Women with HIV experience accelerated DNA aging, a phenomenon that can lead to poor physical function, according to a study led by Stephanie Shiau, an assistant professor in the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology at the Rutgers School of Public Health. Published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, the study sheds light on the unique challenges faced by women with HIV as they age and opens avenues for tailored interventions to enhance health outcomes. Globally, over 50 percent of individuals living with HIV are ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

Meow or rooaaar - exotic cats' ability to recognize familiar caregivers' voices

In a recent PeerJ Life & Environment study, Professor Jennifer Vonk from Oakland University presents compelling evidence that exotic cats possess the remarkable ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar human voices. The article - "Catcalls: Exotic Cats Discriminate the Voices of Familiar Caregivers" - delves into the often-overlooked realm of voice recognition among Felidae species. While much attention has been paid to domestication and early experiences in understanding animals' ability to differentiate between ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

New peer-reviewed EWG study finds little-known toxic crop chemical in four out of five people tested

WASHINGTON – A new Environmental Working Group peer-reviewed study has found chlormequat, a little-known pesticide, in four out of five people tested. Because the chemical is linked to reproductive and developmental problems in animal studies, the findings suggest the potential for similar harm to humans. EWG’s research, published February 15 in the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, tested the urine of 96 people for the presence of chlormequat, finding it in 77 of them. EWG summarized the findings in an article published on its website. “EWG’s new study on chlormequat ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

Antidepressant use lower in moms who have support from grandparents

Mothers are less likely to take antidepressants if their own parents and parents-in-law are healthy and live close by– a new study finds. On the flip side of the coin, antidepressant use was highest in mothers whose parents and parents-in-law were elderly, in poor health, and lived far away – possibly due to the stress caused by needing to care for and support older grandparents instead of receiving help from them. The findings of this new longitudinal study which tracked 488,000 mothers of young children between 2000-2014 are published today in the peer-reviewed journal Population Studies. “Previous studies have consistently shown that younger grandparents in good ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

Walking, jogging, yoga and strength training ease depression

Walking or jogging, yoga, and strength training seem to be the most effective exercises to ease depression, either alone or alongside established treatments such as psychotherapy and drugs, suggests an evidence review published by The BMJ today. Even low intensity activities such as walking or yoga are beneficial, but the results suggest that the more vigorous the activity, the greater the benefits are likely to be. The authors stress that confidence in many of the findings remains low ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

Doctors quitting over stress and cost of finding suitable childcare

Securing suitable childcare for the irregular and long working hours demanded by a medical career is a crippling financial burden and a draining source of stress for doctor parents, reveals an exclusive snapshot survey by The BMJ today. Some doctors have resigned or are considering resigning, others have changed specialities in the hope that it gives them more flexibility, and yet more altered their plans to have children as a result, reports health journalist Erin Dean. The BMJ Childcare Survey ran on bmj.com from 16 to 30 November ...

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Science15 Feb 2024

Scientists are unravelling the secrets of red and grey squirrel competition

In a first of its kind study, researchers have identified significant differences between the diversity of gut bacteria in grey squirrels compared to red squirrels which could hold the key to further understanding the ability of grey squirrels to outcompete red squirrels in the UK. New research, published in the Journal of Medical Microbiology, looked to understand more about the mechanisms by which grey squirrels are able to gain an advantage over red squirrels. Chris Nichols, Conservation Evidence ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

UW anthropologists’ research unveils early stone plaza in the Andes

Two University of Wyoming anthropology professors have discovered one of the earliest circular plazas in Andean South America, showcasing monumental megalithic architecture, which refers to construction that uses large stones placed upright with no mortar. Located at the Callacpuma archaeological site in the Cajamarca Basin of northern Peru, the plaza is built with large, vertically placed megalithic stones -- a construction method previously unseen in the Andes. Associate Professor Jason Toohey, project lead, and Professor Melissa Murphy have been researching ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

New epigenetic clocks reinvent how we measure age

BOSTON – What causes us to age? New “clocks” developed by researchers may help point to the answers. Investigators from Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system, unveil a new form of epigenetic clock – a machine learning model designed to predict biological age from DNA structure. The novel model distinguishes between genetic differences that slow and accelerate aging, predicts biological age and evaluates anti-aging ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

The roles of USP1 in Ewing sarcoma

“This study uncovered important roles for USP1 in Ewing sarcoma.” BUFFALO, NY- February 14, 2024 – A new research paper was published in Genes & Cancer on February 5, 2024, entitled, “Roles of USP1 in Ewing sarcoma.” Ewing sarcoma is a cancer of bone and soft tissue in children and young adults that is driven by the EWS-ETS fusion transcription factor, most commonly EWS-FLI1. Researchers Panneerselvam Jayabal, Xiuye Ma and Yuzuru Shiio from The University of Texas Health Science Center previously reported that Ewing sarcoma harbors two populations of cells, ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

Turning back the clock on photoaging skin

Chronic exposure of human skin to ultraviolet light causes premature aging, or photoaging. As the skin undergoes photoaging, type I collagen bundles, which are found in the dermis beneath the top layer of the skin and provide strength and support to skin, become fragmented. This leads to wrinkles, fragility and loss of support and elasticity. “The best way to prevent damage to type I collagen by sunlight is to wear sunscreen consistently, daily if possible and particularly when spending time outdoors,” said Frank Wang, MD, the William B. Taylor Endowed Professor of Clinical Dermatology at U-M Medical School. Experts ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

A lighthouse in the Gobi desert

Los Angeles, CA (February 14, 2024) — A new study published in the journal PLOS ONE explores the weight great fossil sites have on our understanding of evolutionary relationships between fossil groups—the lagerstätten effect—and for the first time, quantified the power these sites have on our understanding of evolutionary history. Surprisingly, the authors discovered that the wind-swept sand deposits of the Late Cretaceous Gobi Desert’s extraordinarily diverse and well-preserved ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

U of M research advances potential HIV cure strategy

Published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases Oxford Academic, research led by the University of Minnesota Medical School offers a new avenue of hope in the fight against chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The researchers explored the use of Natural Killer (NK) cells aiming to restore their function for better infection control — an approach that could be used in a broader HIV cure strategy as multiple companies are working on mass production of healthy NK cells. “HIV has really excellent therapies thanks to the unprecedented progress in developing antiretroviral therapy, ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

New review finds Indigenous people more likely to have a stroke

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE UNTIL 4 P.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2024 MINNEAPOLIS – Indigenous people may be more likely to have a stroke than non-Indigenous people, according to a systematic review that looked at populations around the world. The review is published in the February 14, 2024, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Researchers looked at countries with a very high Human Development Index, which measures average achievements in three areas: health, knowledge ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

UC Irvine-led research team creates novel rabies viral vectors for neural circuit mapping

Irvine, Calif., Feb. 14, 2024 — A research team led by the University of California, Irvine has created 20 new recombinant rabies viral vectors for neural circuit mapping that offer a range of significant advantages over existing tools, including the ability to detect microstructural changes in models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease brain neurons. The study published today online in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, introduced proof-of-concept data demonstrating the power of these new vectors, which express a range of improved ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

Broad Institute 2024 Media Boot Camp

The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard is now accepting applications for its 2024 Media Boot Camp. This annual program connects health/science journalists and editors with faculty from the Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and Harvard’s teaching hospitals for a two-day event exploring the latest advances in genomics and biomedicine. Journalists will explore possible future storylines, gain fundamental background knowledge, and build relationships with researchers. The program format ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

Significantly fewer births on weekends and holidays than weekdays, data analysis of over 21 million births from 1979-2018 in Japan shows

Significantly more babies were born on a weekday instead of weekend day or holiday, reveals a large-scale analysis of 21 million births in Japan over almost four decades published February 14, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Miho Sassa from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and colleagues. Medical resources are generally stretched during holidays (including weekends) due to factors like staffing and hospital policies. This may amplify holiday effects: disparities and variations of health outcomes between holidays and weekdays. Dr. Sassa and colleagues studied this holiday effect with a focus on birth, especially high-risk births as measured by babies born preterm ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

Vittrup Man crossed over from forager to farmer before being sacrificed in Denmark

Vittrup Man was born along the Scandinavian coast before moving to Denmark, where he was later sacrificed, according to a study published February 14, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Anders Fischer of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden and colleagues. Vittrup Man is the nickname of a Stone Age skeleton recovered from a peat bog in Northwest Denmark, dating to between 3300-3100 BC. The fragmented nature of the remains, including a smashed skull, indicate that he was killed in a ritualistic sacrifice, a common practice in this region at this time. After a DNA study found Vittrup Man’s genetic ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

Some Pre-Roman humans were buried with dogs, horses and other animals

Some people from an ancient community in what is now northern Italy were interred with animals and animal parts from species such as dogs, horses and pigs. The reasons remain mysterious, but might indicate an enduring companion relationship between these humans and animals, or religious sacrificial practices, according to a study published February 14, 2023 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Zita Laffranchi from the University of Bern, Stefania Zingale from the Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research Bozen, ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

The program of the 17th World Congress on Polyphenols Applications 2024 is now released: Advancing polyphenols research

The 17th World Congress on Polyphenols Applications 2024, scheduled for September 19-20, 2024, at Università degli Studi di Milano Statale in Italy, has revealed its program. This congress aims to bridge the latest scientific research on polyphenols with their potential to promote health. Goals The Polyphenols Applications 2024 Congress aims to share novel insights into polyphenols and their impact on human health, with the goal of finding practical ways to enhance well-being. Highlighted Program Polyphenols in Health & Diseases: Understanding the effects of polyphenols on health. Polyphenols, Microbiota & ...

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Science14 Feb 2024

Join the World Mitochondria Society in Berlin for their 15th Annual Meeting: Emerging Trends & Strategies

The 15th World Congress on Targeting Mitochondria is set to take place in Berlin from October 28-30, 2024, promising a platform for front-line discussions and major insights into mitochondrial research. Prof. Volkmar Weissig, president of the World Mitochondria Society stated: "In this 15th edition, we'll explore the fundamental and mechanistic research of mitochondria. But what really sets this year apart is our special focus on how mitochondria can be applied in real-world medical settings. We'll be ...

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