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Ultrafast excitations in correlated systems
Science

Ultrafast excitations in correlated systems

An international team of researchers from the European XFEL together with colleagues from the Max Born Institute in Berlin, Universities of Berlin and Hamburg, The University of Tokyo, the Japanese National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), the Dutch Radboud University, Imperial College London, and Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, have presented new ideas for ultrafast multi-dimensional spectroscopy of strongly correlated solids. This work has now been published in Nature Photonics. "Strongly correlated solids are complex and fascinating quantum systems in which new electronic states often ...

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Science

Do couples’ wages differ based on interracial versus intraracial marriage?

In a study published in Economic Inquiry, investigators compared wages of Black and white interracially married individuals with those of intraracially married individuals in the United States. After controlling for other factors that influence wages, the researchers found a wage penalty for white males in interracial marriages and a wage premium for Black males in interracial marriages, compared with their same sex and race counterparts in intraracial marriages. There were no wage penalties or premiums for white or Black females in interracial marriages. The study also ...

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AA attendance lower among African American, Hispanic and young populations
Science

AA attendance lower among African American, Hispanic and young populations

By Amy Norton Alcoholics Anonymous has long been a cornerstone of treating alcohol use disorders in the United States. But even today, Americans are not accessing it equally, according to a new study in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Alcoholics Anonymous, or AA, got its start nearly 90 years ago and is famous for spurring the "12-step" approach to recovery -- which includes acknowledging powerlessness over alcohol and giving your life over to a "higher power." Over the years, AA and similar "mutual-help groups" ...

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Color liquid crystal grating based color holographic 3D display system with large viewing angle
Science

Color liquid crystal grating based color holographic 3D display system with large viewing angle

Holographic display technology provides an ultimate solution for real 3D display and has great potential in augmented reality and virtual reality. However, the color and viewing angle of holographic 3D display mainly depend on the wavelength of the laser and the pixel size of the current spatial light modulator. Inevitable color differences and narrow viewing angle in conventional systems seriously affect the holographic display effect and hinder the application of holographic 3D display in many fields. In a new paper published in Light: Science & Application, a team of scientists, led by Professor Qiong-Hua Wang from Beihang ...

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Injectable water filtration system could improve access to clean drinking water around the world
Science

Injectable water filtration system could improve access to clean drinking water around the world

More than 2 billion people, approximately a quarter of the world’s population, lack access to clean drinking water. A new, portable and affordable water filtration solution created by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin aims to change that. The new system collects dirty water with a syringe and injects it into a hydrogel filter that weeds out nearly all tiny particles. This device, the researchers say, offers significant advantages in cost, simplicity, effectiveness and sustainability compared existing commercial options, giving users the ability to easily decontaminate water from nearby streams and ...

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Science

Study reveals disparities in use of evidence-based integrative pain management modalities among adults with chronic pain

A recent study from researchers at University Hospitals (UH) Connor Whole Health examined variables associated with engagement in (1) integrative health and medicine (IHM) and (2) nonpharmacologic modalities rather than opioids among United States adults with chronic pain. The study, published in the Journal of Pain Research, uncovered disparities in access to these modalities, particularly among older adults, Black/African American individuals, and those with higher depressive symptoms and lower education and income levels, who are more likely to have chronic pain. The researchers used data ...

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Ageism, mistaken beliefs complicate acceptance of older adults’ sexuality
Science

Ageism, mistaken beliefs complicate acceptance of older adults’ sexuality

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — More than 25% of the young adults surveyed in a recent study mistakenly believed that sexual activity increases older adults’ risk of heart attack and that disinterest in sex is a normal and inevitable part of aging. While most of those in the study had permissive views about sexual activity in later life, the findings also shed light on the misconceptions and ageist views that can infringe on older adults’ rights to sexual expression. More than 270 young adults ages 18-35 participated in the study, which assessed their level of knowledge about sexuality in older adulthood, their general attitudes toward ...

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Doyeon Kim honored with Charles F. Richter Early Career Award
Science

Doyeon Kim honored with Charles F. Richter Early Career Award

Doyeon Kim (DK) has been honored with the Seismological Society of America’s (SSA) 2024 Charles F. Richter Early Career Award for his scientific productivity across a variety of topics, including recent work on Martian seismology and his pioneering approaches to seismic imaging. Kim, a lecturer in planetary science in the Faculty of Engineering at Imperial College London, will receive the Richter Award at the 2024 SSA Annual Meeting. “I am sincerely grateful for this award, which I humbly attribute to the collective efforts of those who have played a pivotal role in shaping my academic career. This recognition fuels my dedication to furthering ...

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Douglas Dreger honored with SSA Distinguished Service Award
Science

Douglas Dreger honored with SSA Distinguished Service Award

For his outstanding contributions as chair of the SSA Publications Committee, the Seismological Society of America (SSA) will present Douglas Scott Dreger with its 2024 Distinguished Service Award (DSA). Dreger will receive the award at the 2024 SSA Annual Meeting. Dreger, a professor of geophysics at the University of California, Berkeley, served as Publications Committee chair between 2016 and 2022. Dreger “instigated a broad range of initiatives intended to reinforce the reputation and financial performance ...

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New video camera system captures the colored world that animals see, in motion
Science

New video camera system captures the colored world that animals see, in motion

A new camera system allows ecologists and filmmakers to produce videos that accurately replicate the colors that different animals see in natural settings, Vera Vasas at the University of Sussex, UK, and colleagues from the Hanley Color Lab at George Mason University, US, report in the open access journal PLOS Biology, publishing January 23rd. Different animals perceive the world differently because of the capabilities of the photoreceptors in their eyes. For example, animals like honeybees and some birds can see UV light, which are outside the range of human perception. Reconstructing the colors that animals ...

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Science

Ochsner receives multiple 2023 Press Ganey Awards

NEW ORLEANS – Ochsner Health has been named the winner of five awards from Press Ganey, a globally recognized analytics company offering healthcare experience solutions and services. These awards are part of Press Ganey’s annual ranking of the top hospitals and health systems in the country, according to performance in patient experience, employee experience, physician experience, clinical quality performance and consumer experience. “We’re honored to be recognized by Press Ganey for our excellence and compassion in caring for ...

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Science

Gene expression atlas captures where ovulation can go awry

ITHACA, N.Y. -- An interdisciplinary collaboration used a cutting-edge form of RNA tagging to map the gene expression that occurs during follicle maturation and ovulation in mice. The resulting atlas reveals a slew of previously unknown cellular and molecular interactions that drive ovulation, which is crucial for female fertility. The findings could prove pivotal for developing therapeutic treatments for infertility. The research, published Jan. 22 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was ...

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Science

Innovative tech shows promise to boost rubber production in US

COLUMBUS, Ohio – With disease and high demand posing threats to the world’s primary natural rubber supply in Southeast Asia, scientists are working to ramp up the U.S. rubber market by advancing methods to extract latex from two sustainable North American plant sources: a dandelion species and a desert shrub. Researchers reported their methods to improve efficiency and increase latex yield in two recent publications, building upon decades of research led by Katrina Cornish, professor of horticulture and crop science and food, agricultural and biological engineering at The Ohio State University. Cornish and colleagues ...

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Science

USPSTF statement on screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children

Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children 5 years or younger without signs or symptoms. Speech and language delays and disorders can pose significant problems for children and their families. Evidence suggests that school-aged children with speech or language delays may be at increased risk of learning and literacy disabilities, including difficulties with reading and writing. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this updated recommendation ...

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Science

Study suggests that unintentional weight loss is a signal to see a doctor

Boston – Unintentional weight loss is associated with an increase in the risk of a cancer diagnosis within the coming year, according to a study from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. “If you are losing weight and you aren’t trying to lose weight by making changes in your exercise routine or diet, people should see their doctor to consider possible causes,” says lead investigator Brian Wolpin, MD, MPH, Director of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Center at Dana-Farber and Director of the Hale Family Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research. “There are ...

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Science

Reflecting on your legacy could make you more philanthropic, new research finds

People have a tendency to leave their wealth to family members and other loved ones. However, Andrew Carnegie, a famously wealthy industrialist, once said “I would as soon leave to my son a curse as the almighty dollar.” Indeed, Carnegie donated over 90% of his fortune to charity. New research in Social Psychological and Personality Science shows that people can be spurred to look beyond close relationships in favor of philanthropy by having them reflect on their legacy. The researchers called this phenomenon the “Andrew Carnegie ...

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Uncovering the secrets behind the silent flight of owls
Science

Uncovering the secrets behind the silent flight of owls

Owls are fascinating creatures that can fly silently through some of the quietest places. Their wings make no noise while flying, enabling them to accurately locate their prey using their exceptional hearing ability while remaining undetected. This unique ability depends on many factors and has long been a hot research subject. Studies have found associations between the ability to fly silently and the presence of micro-fringes in owl wings. These trailing-edge (TE) fringes play a crucial role in suppressing the noise produced by wing ...

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Science

As easy as counting to ten – a new rule for catalysts’ design

The ‘ten electron’ rule provides guidance for the design of single-atom alloy catalysts for targeted chemical reactions. A collaborative team across four universities have discovered a very simple rule to design single-atom alloy catalysts for chemical reactions. The ‘ten electron rule’ helps scientists identify promising catalysts for their experiments very rapidly. Instead of extensive trial and error experiments of computationally demanding computer simulations, catalysts’ composition can be proposed simply looking at the periodic table. Single-atom alloys are a class of catalysts made of two metals: a few atoms of reactive metal, ...

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Mapping local quality at super-resolution scale
Science

Mapping local quality at super-resolution scale

Super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy, through the use of fluorescent probes and specific excitation and emission procedures, surpasses the diffraction limit of resolution (200~300 nm) that was once a barrier. Most SR techniques are heavily reliant on image calculations and processing to retrieve SR information. However, factors such as fluorophores photophysics, sample's chemical environment, and optical setup situations can cause noise and distortions in raw images, potentially impacting the final ...

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NIL Metalens array enabling next-generation true-3D near-eye displays
Science

NIL Metalens array enabling next-generation true-3D near-eye displays

Integral imaging (II) display is one of the most promising near-eye displays (NEDs) due to its compact volume, full parallax, convenient full-color display, and, more importantly, true-3D and more realistic depth perception from eliminating the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC). However, II displays based on the conventional optical architecture, such as microlens arrays, are limited in resolution, field of view, depth of field, etc. As micro-displays have increasingly higher pixel densities, conventional optical architecture is inadequate in ...

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MIT Press’s Direct to Open reaches annual funding goal, opens access to full list of 2024 monographs
Science

MIT Press’s Direct to Open reaches annual funding goal, opens access to full list of 2024 monographs

Now in its third year of operation, Direct to Open (D2O) is proud to announce that it has reached its full funding goal in 2024 and will open access to 79 new monographs and edited book collections this year. What makes this year noteworthy is that this is the first year in which D2O has been fully funded by its November 30 deadline and will not require an extension through the end of the fiscal year. “Reaching our overall funding goal – in full and on time – is a major milestone in developing a sustainable open ...

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Science

Blue tit population booms with moths on the menu - study

The importance of moth caterpillars for common garden birds has been revealed in a new study. Researchers found that years when moth numbers were up resulted in increased population growth for the blue tit. The results, derived from 23 years worth of bird and insect population data, are published today (Tuesday, 23 January) in Ecology Letters. Dr Luke Evans, of the University of Reading, led the research. He said: "Insect abundance directly impacts songbird numbers from year to year. When moth caterpillars are large in number, blue tit parents can easily find food for their demanding chicks. When moth numbers crash it gets much harder for birds to find enough insects and raise ...

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UW researchers uncover news clues about the cause of common birth defects
Science

UW researchers uncover news clues about the cause of common birth defects

MADISON, WI.-- Cleft lip and palate are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans, affecting more than 175,000 newborns around the world each year. Yet despite decades of research, it’s still not known what causes most cases or what can be done to prevent them. But a recent study from the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM) has uncovered new information about orofacial development in mice that researchers believe could one day help reduce the risk of these birth defects in humans. Published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ...

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Science

Clear and open communication with care teams could improve the birthing experience for Black people

This study explored the perspectives of Black birthing people on how better communication with care teams may have improved their birth experiences. Researchers interviewed 30 non-Hispanic Black, English-language–proficient, low-income birthing people in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area, all of whom were insured by Medicaid. All gave birth to preterm infants before 34 weeks gestation, or before 36 weeks gestation to birthing people with a modifiable risk factor such as high blood pressure. The interviews uncovered three main themes regarding the quality of communication with their care teams and the effect on their experiences: ...

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