Data about Mars’ planetary crust gathered from the Mars InSight lander are best explained by the conclusion that the crust has stores of liquid water. Analysis led by Vashan Wright, a geophysicist at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography, provides the best evidence to date that the planet still has liquid water in addition to that frozen at its poles. If that conclusion is true, it sets the stage for new research considering the planet’s habitability and continuing a search for life that exists on a place other than Earth. The potential presence of liquid water on Mars has tantalized scientists for decades. Water is essential for a habitable planet. “Understanding ...

Using seismic activity to probe the interior of Mars, geophysicists have found evidence for a large underground reservoir of liquid water — enough to fill oceans on the planet's surface. The data from NASA's Insight lander allowed the scientists to estimate that the amount of groundwater could cover the entire planet to a depth of between 1 and 2 kilometers, or about a mile. While that’s good news for those tracking the fate of water on the planet after its oceans disappeared more than 3 billion years ago, the reservoir won't be of much use to anyone trying to tap into it to supply a future Mars colony. It's ...

AMHERST, Mass. – Anyone who’s tried to neatly gather a fitted sheet can tell you: folding is hard. Get it wrong with your laundry and the result can be a crumpled, wrinkled mess of fabric, but when folding fails among the approximately 7,000 proteins with an origami-like complexity that regulate essential cellular functions, the result can lead to one of a multitude of serious diseases ranging from emphysema and cystic fibrosis to Alzheimer’s disease. Fortunately, our bodies have a quality-control system ...

Forest restoration can benefit humans, boost biodiversity and help tackle climate change simultaneously, new research suggests. Restoring forests is often seen in terms of “trade-offs” – meaning it often focuses on a specific goal such as capturing carbon, nurturing nature or supporting human livelihoods. The new study, by the universities of Exeter and Oxford, found that restoration plans aimed at a single goal tend not to deliver the others. However, “integrated” plans would deliver over 80% of the benefits in all three areas at once. It also found that ...

A new study from scientists at Cincinnati Children’s suggests there may be a way to further protect transplanted hearts from rejection by preparing the donor organ and the recipient with an anti-inflammatory antibody treatment before surgery occurs. The findings, published online in PNAS, focus on blocking an innate immune response that normally occurs in response to microbial infections. The same response has been shown to drive dangerous inflammation in transplanted hearts. In the new study – in mice -- transplanted hearts functioned for longer periods when the organ recipients ...

Scientists from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Seattle Children’s and the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) have identified novel genetic variations that influence relapse risk in children with standard risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR B-ALL), the most common childhood cancer. The identification of genomic predictors of relapse in SR B-ALL provides a basis for improved diagnosis, precise tailoring of treatment intensity and potentially the development of novel treatment approaches. The study was published today in the Journal of ...

At Ruhr University, the groups of Professor Martina Havenith and Professor Sebastian Kruss collaborated for the study, which took place as part of the Cluster of Excellence “Ruhr Explores Solvation”, RESOLV for short. The PhD students Sanjana Nalige and Phillip Galonska made significant contributions. Carbon nanotubes as biosensors Single-walled carbon nanotubes are powerful building blocks for biosensors, as previous studies revealed. Their surface can be chemically tailored with biopolymers or DNA fragments to interact specifically with a certain target molecule. When such molecules bind, the nanotubes change their emission ...

UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — They say that laughter is the best medicine, but it could be a good parenting tool too, according to a new study led by researchers from Penn State. In a pilot study, the research team found that most people viewed humor as an effective parenting tool and that a parent or caregiver’s use of humor affected the quality of their relationship with their children. Among those whose parents used humor, the majority viewed their relationship with their parents and the way they were ...

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute today announced AI@HHMI, a $500 million investment over the next 10 years to support artificial intelligence-driven projects in the life sciences. As the largest private biomedical research organization in the United States, HHMI aims to explore the full promise of AI to accelerate scientific discovery at its Janelia Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia, and at the more than 300 HHMI-affiliated labs. “By bringing human curiosity and artificial intelligence closer together at every phase of experimentation ...

People who have served time in jail or prison are less likely to have bank accounts after they are released than they were before serving time, which may hinder their long-term financial security, according to new research. “Locked out of banking: The limits of financial inclusion for formerly incarcerated individuals” was authored by Brielle Bryan, an assistant professor of sociology at Rice University and J. Michael Collins, a professor of public affairs and human ecology and the Fetzer Family Chair in Consumer and Personal Finance at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It ...

Samuel (Sandy) Aronson, ALM, MA, executive director of IT and AI Solutions for Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine and senior director of IT and AI Solutions for the Accelerator for Clinical Transformation, is the corresponding author of a paper published in NEJM AI that looked at whether generative AI could hold promise for improving scientific literature review of variants in clinical genetic testing. Their findings could have a wide impact beyond this use case.    How would you summarize your study for a lay audience? We tested whether ...

INDIANAPOLIS — Researchers at the Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center have completed the most extensive mapping of healthy breast cells to date. These findings offer an important tool for researchers at IU and beyond to understand how breast cancer develops and the differences in breast tissue among genetic ancestries. Published this month in Nature Medicine, researchers developed a comprehensive atlas of breast tissue cells – including details ...

Liling Huang, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dominion Energy Faculty Fellow, received funding for: “Electric Distribution System Protection - Modeling and Testing with Real-Time Digital Simulator.” Huang will address the complexities of the electric distribution system introduced by Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) through Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) modeling and Hardware-in-the Loop (HIL) simulation to enhance protection system ...

JP Singh, Distinguished University Professor, Schar School of Policy and Government, received funding for: “George Mason University Center for AI Innovation for Economic Competitiveness.” He is collaborating on the project with Co-Principal Investigator Amarda Shehu, Associate Vice President of Research, Institute for Digital Innovation, Professor, Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computing (CEC); Jesse Kirkpatrick, Research Associate Professor, Philosophy, College of Humanities and Social Sciences; Acting Director, Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, Philosophy and Religious Studies; Terry Clower, Northern Virginia Chair in Local ...

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas frequently produced in the sea and in fresh water. Lakes in particular release large quantities of this climate-killer. Fortunately, however, there are microorganisms that counteract this: They are able to utilize methane to grow and generate energy, thus preventing it from being released into the atmosphere. These microorganisms, known as methanotrophs, are therefore regarded as an important "biological methane filter". Methanotrophs comprise various groups of microorganisms, and many questions about their way of life have yet to be answered. A study by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for ...

(Santa Barbara, Calif.) — In work conducted both at UC Santa Barbara and the Physics of Life Excellence Cluster of TU Dresden, biophysicist Otger Campàs and his research group have found that cell nuclei control the architecture and mechanics of eye and brain tissues during embryonic development. These results add a new role for the cell’s nucleus in tissue organization, well beyond its established role in genetic regulation. “We were measuring tissue stiffness in the zebrafish retina, and realized that it depended on the packing of nuclei. This was totally unexpected because tissue mechanics is believed to depend on cell surface interactions, but not ...

TUCSON, Arizona — Researchers at the University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and the U of A Native Nations Institute are establishing a framework that protects the way Indigenous data is collected and used around the world, thanks to a $1.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation. For as long as researchers, health care providers and government agencies have studied Indigenous communities, there has been mistrust about the data collected. Indigenous peoples have raised concerns about who owns and profits from the data, as well as how it is used. Using the grant, the researchers, in ...

EPFL researchers have published a programmable framework that overcomes a key computational bottleneck of optics-based artificial intelligence systems. In a series of image classification experiments, they used scattered light from a low-power laser to perform accurate, scalable computations using a fraction of the energy of electronics. As digital artificial intelligence systems grow in size and impact, so does the energy required to train and deploy them – not to mention the associated carbon emissions. Recent research suggests that if current AI server production continues at its current pace, their annual energy consumption could outstrip that of ...

Amsterdam, August 12, 2024 – An article in a special issue on The Planetary Future published in Environmental Policy and Law (EPL) by IOS Press (now part of Sage), considers the Planetary Trust as an essential framework underlying today’s kaleidoscopic world, reviews important developments in implementing the Trust, and focuses on important steps to take now to ensure a just, robust Earth system for present and future generations. Bharat H. Desai, PhD, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Centre for International Legal Studies, and Editor-in-Chief ...

Transforming Sustainability Strategies: Ecuadorian Corporations Leading the Way  The Bigger Picture: Shifting from Micro to Macro Impacts  The research redefines sustainability by examining how strategic framing can elevate corporate actions to achieve significant macro-level impacts. Moving beyond individual and community-focused efforts, the study highlights broad-scale changes that enhance societal and environmental well-being, including nationwide poverty reduction, environmental improvements, and public health advancements.  Corporations ...

About The Study: There were similar and, in some instances, more favorable neonatal and maternal outcomes for pregnancies exposed to buprenorphine combined with naloxone compared with buprenorphine alone. For the outcomes assessed, compared with buprenorphine alone, buprenorphine with naloxone during pregnancy appears to be a safe treatment option. This supports the view that both formulations are reasonable options for the treatment of opioid use disorder in pregnancy, affirming flexibility in collaborative treatment decision-making. Corresponding ...

Our brain interprets visual information by combining what we see with what we already know. A study published in the journal Neuron by researchers at the Champalimaud Foundation, and supported by the CaixaResearch Health Call of the la Caixa Foundation, reveals a mechanism for learning and storing this existing knowledge about the world. They found that neurons are wired to connect seemingly unrelated concepts. This wiring may be crucial for enhancing the brain’s ability to predict what we see based on past experiences, and bring us a step closer to understanding how this process goes awry ...

More than 47,000 people died in Europe as a result of high temperatures in 2023, the warmest year on record globally and the second warmest in Europe. This is the estimate of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), a centre supported by the "la Caixa" Foundation, and published in Nature Medicine. The researchers report that the vulnerability to heat of European societies has progressively decreased over the present century, and estimate that without these societal adaptation processes, the heat related mortality burden over the past year would have been 80% higher. The study replicates the methodology used last year in another paper ...

About The Study: Child tablet use at age 3.5 years was associated with more expressions of anger and frustration by the age of 4.5 years in this study. Child proneness to anger/frustration at age 4.5 years was then associated with more use of tablets by age 5.5 years. These results suggest that early-childhood tablet use may contribute to a cycle that is deleterious for emotional regulation. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Caroline Fitzpatrick, PhD, email caroline.fitzpatrick@usherbrooke.ca. To access the embargoed ...

About The Study: In this cohort study of older drinkers from the UK, even low-risk drinking was associated with higher mortality among older adults with health-related or socioeconomic risk factors. The attenuation of mortality observed for wine preference and drinking only during meals requires further investigation, as it may mostly reflect the effect of healthier lifestyles, slower alcohol absorption, or nonalcoholic components of beverages.  Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rosario Ortolá, MD, PhD, ...