A scaling law relates the expected number of mutants to the total population size of cells in a spatially constrained but growing population, which could help clinicians predict when cancers or bacterial infections might develop resistance to treatment. Given a small number of cells in a population subject to a strong fitness pressure, such as a drug intended to kill the cells, mutations are likely to arise. However, it is difficult to predict when those mutations might arise and become common in ...

Foreign exchange (FX) is often described as the world’s deepest and most liquid marketplace, but beneath the headline numbers lies a complex microstructure that shapes how prices form, how liquidity concentrates, and how risk truly behaves across time. At its core, forex is a decentralized, quote-driven market where tiered participants—interbank dealers, non-bank liquidity providers, prime brokers, hedge funds, corporates, and retail aggregators—interact across electronic communication networks and single-dealer platforms. Price discovery unfolds through a constant negotiation of bid–ask quotes, with top-of-book spreads reflecting not only raw competition among market makers but also inventory constraints, latency advantages, and anticipated information flow.

Aviation accounts for approximately 12% of global carbon dioxide emissions. With intensifying climate change and environmental issues, the aviation industry is searching for greener propulsion systems. For unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have wide applications in military, logistics, and agriculture, research has turned towards hydrogen propulsion systems. Hydrogen is a clean fuel that produces only water during combustion, representing a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. However, hydrogen has low volumetric energy density, meaning larger volumes are required to produce the same energy as conventional ...

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Illinois once harbored more than 8 million acres of wetlands. By the 1980s, all but 1.2 million wetland acres had been lost, filled in for development or drained to make way for agriculture. Now, thanks to a 2023 Supreme Court decision, roughly 72% of the remaining 981,000 acres of Illinois wetlands are no longer protected by the federal Clean Water Act, putting communities at risk of losing the flood control, groundwater recharge, water purification and natural habitat these wetlands provide, researchers report. A patchwork of state and county-level wetland regulations offer some protection ...

For decades, it was thought that while the brain orchestrated male sexual behaviour – arousal, courtship, and copulation – the spinal cord merely executed the final act: ejaculation. But a study from the Champalimaud Foundation (CF) challenges that tidy division. It reveals that a key spinal circuit is not only involved in ejaculation but also in arousal and shaping the choreography of sex, adding a surprising new dimension to our understanding of sexual behaviour in mammals. “The spinal cord isn’t just a passive relay station executing brain commands”, says Susana Lima, Principal Investigator of CF’s ...

Previously unseen documents show how a poet performed a major ghostwriting job on the autobiography of the two British pioneers behind the world’s first “test-tube baby”, so that the book used emotional storytelling to aid public acceptance of a controversial medical technology. A Matter of Life, coauthored in 1980 by geneticist Robert Edwards – who spent much of his career at Cambridge and went on to win the Nobel Prize – and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe, tells how their research led to in vitro fertilisation (IVF). The book is the basis ...

ZURICH, SWITZERLAND – September 23, 2025 – A groundbreaking study by the Global Association of Applied Behavioural Scientists (GAABS) has uncovered a troubling disconnect between professionals' confidence in their decision-making abilities and their actual preparedness. While 91% of experienced professionals believe they have above-average decision-making skills, nearly half (45%) lack structured decision habits when making important workplace decisions. The research, representing GAABS' first major empirical study, surveyed 105 professionals across multiple sectors and revealed widespread ...

By Diana Setterberg, MSU News Service BOZEMAN – About 95 million years ago, a juvenile crocodyliform nicknamed Elton lived in what is now southwest Montana at the edge of the Western Interior Seaway.  Measuring no more than 2 feet long from nose to tip of tail, young Elton was about the size of a big lizard, according to Montana State University professor of paleontology David Varricchio. Had it lived to be full grown, Elton would have measured no longer than 3 feet, far smaller than most members of the Neosuchia clade to which it and its distant relatives belong. ...

Science has confirmed what sports lovers have always known from experience: exercise is good for the brain. It increases blood flow, inhibits stress hormones, and stimulates the release of ‘feel good’ endorphins. One way by which exercise is thought to yield these benefits on the brain is through a chain of processes that ultimately results in the release of the hormone BDNF. Produced by the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and fat tissue, BDNF is known to promote the growth, survival, and maintenance of nerve cells. Previous studies have suggested that the starting signal for this physiological chain is a high level in the blood ...

Routine blood samples, such as those taken daily at any hospital and tracked over time, could help predict the severity of an injury and even provide insights into mortality after spinal cord damage, according to a recent University of Waterloo study.    The research team utilized advanced analytics and machine learning, a type of artificial intelligence, to assess whether routine blood tests could serve as early warning signs for spinal cord injury patient outcomes.    More than 20 million people worldwide were affected by spinal cord injury in 2019, with 930,000 new cases ...

Insulation materials are critical for energy-efficient buildings, but conventional petroleum-derived foams often suffer from flammability, environmental concerns, and limited recyclability. Addressing this challenge, a new study in the Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts demonstrates how nanocellulose, the world’s most abundant biopolymer, can be engineered into advanced aerogels that combine thermal insulation, flame retardancy, and mechanical robustness. The research team designed bio-based aerogels by employing directional freeze-drying, followed by chemical crosslinking to strengthen the nanocellulose network. The resulting ...

Researchers have developed an innovative way to turn steel industry waste into a low-cost material that can clean antibiotics out of water, offering a promising solution to one of today’s growing environmental challenges. Steel mills generate large volumes of iron-rich sludge during wastewater treatment. Traditionally, this sludge has been disposed of through landfilling or incineration, raising concerns about waste management and heavy metal contamination. Now, a team led by scientists from Changsha University of Science and Technology has found a way to convert this industrial byproduct into a valuable resource: a special form of biochar ...

A new review study has revealed that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely known as “forever chemicals,” are increasingly entering farmland soils through waste recycling and wastewater reuse. Once in the soil, PFAS can migrate into crops, raising urgent concerns for food safety and human health. PFAS are a group of synthetic chemicals first developed in the 1940s. They have been extensively used in non-stick cookware, food packaging, textiles, firefighting foams, and cosmetics. Thanks to their strong carbon–fluorine bonds, PFAS are extremely resistant to degradation, persisting in the environment and in living organisms for decades. Mounting evidence has linked ...

The approval of new antibody medications for Alzheimer's disease – lecanemab and donanemab – and diagnostic tests in the blood mark the beginning of a new era in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment. However, without rapid reform in healthcare systems, public policy, and societal attitudes, their potential will not be fully realised, argue 40 leading Alzheimer's disease experts in The Lancet Series on Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease accounts for about 70% of all ...

Six out of 10 music fans say they have been sexually harassed or assaulted at a live gig in the US, suggest the results of a survey, published online in the journal Injury Prevention. Women are more than twice as likely as men to have been affected, the responses indicate, but various barriers prevented most respondents from reporting the incident at the time. Data from Australia, the UK, Sweden, Finland and Nigeria indicate that inappropriate sexual behaviour is prevalent at live music events. But few studies have focused on the USA or included a broad range of venues, such as festivals and large arenas, theatres, and clubs, note the researchers.  To explore this further, ...

Key Points This effort leverages historical industrial partnerships between ORNL and NVIDIA, EPB and IonQ, which represent a combined 30-plus years of cutting-edge R&D in both the quantum and classical computing spaces. ORNL’s computing strategy emphasizes hybrid high-performance computing and includes a future of CPUs, GPUs, QPUs and other technologies to solve different aspects of challenging computer problems. Hybrid computing has the potential to solve some of the most pressing challenges facing American industries, and ORNL is excited to bring its ...

Original Research Pre-Visit Questionnaire With EHR Integration Improves Family History Documentation and Supports Prevention and Referrals in Primary Care  Background and Goal: This study evaluated whether a pre-visit, patient-completed family history questionnaire that automatically uploads to the electronic health record (EHR) and triggers a same-day notification for family physicians improves family history documentation and subsequent conversations. Study Approach: Researchers ran a six-month, matched hybrid effectiveness–implementation study in three primary care practices affiliated with the University of Toronto Practice-based Research ...

Original Research Study Identifies Functions to Expect From Interdisciplinary Care Teams Delivering Whole Person Substance Use Disorder Care for Pregnant People  Background and Goal: This study set out to identify the professionals, roles, and core functions of interdisciplinary teams that serve pregnant people with substance use disorders and describe how those functions are organized across different settings.  Study Approach: Researchers conducted a qualitative observational study in Oregon at seven organizations that implemented Project Nurture and Nurture Oregon, integrated team-based care models that bring ...

Original Research “Light-Touch” EHR Referral Strategy Connects Patients With Prediabetes to Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Programs Background and Goal: This study tested whether a referral order inside the Epic electronic health record (EHR) could help primary care clinicians refer patients to community-based diabetes prevention programs (DPPs), an important public health strategy to reduce incident type 2 diabetes, and whether patients enrolled  after referral. Study Approach: ...

Original Research 16-Year Study Indicates Rising Patient Complexity and Fewer Patients Seen Per Day in Alberta Primary Care Background and goal: In this study, researchers examined changes over time in characteristics of adults cared for by family physicians from 2004 to 2020 in Alberta, Canada, along with trends in family physicians and their practice patterns for adults over 18 years old.  Study approach: Using linked administrative health data, including physician billing claims and hospital/ambulatory data, the researchers created annual, population-based snapshots from 2004 to 2020 of adults seeing family physicians providing comprehensive care. They tracked ...

Original Research Practice-Level Metric Provides “Big-Picture” Look That May Reduce Unnecessary  Antibiotic Use in Arkansas Medicaid PCMHs  Background and Goal: In this study, researchers developed, implemented and measured a claims-based, practice-level performance measure to calculate, track and influence antibiotic prescribing variation across Arkansas Medicaid’s patient-centered medical home (PCMH) program.  Study Approach: This retrospective, observational study used 2019–2021 outpatient antibiotic paid claims, attributing each claim ...

Research Brief More Low-Income Adults Reported Having a Usual Source of Care After the Affordable Care Act Background and Goal: Before the Affordable Care Act (ACA), uninsured and low-income adults were less likely to have a usual source of care due to cost, coverage, and access barriers. This study evaluated changes in the prevalence of usual sources of care and the reasons for lacking one before and after ACA implementation.   Study Approach: Researchers analyzed 2010 to 2017 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Household ...

Original Research  Combining Medicare Wellness Visits With Problem-Based Visits Reduces No-Show Rates and Closes Screening Gaps  Background and Goal: A recurrent barrier to Medicare annual wellness visits, which provide preventative medicine guidance for older and disabled patients, occurs when patients introduce medical concerns to physicians during these preventative visits. In this study, researchers scheduled combined visits in a single, longer slot with patients’ regularly seen clinicians and used allowed billing rules so both visits could count to see if they could increase the percentage of ...

Methodology Current Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Differences of Sex Development Measures in Federal Health Surveys Background and Goal: Federal health surveys are a key source for understanding health needs in the U.S., including the needs of people in LGBTQ+ community. This methodology paper characterized the current landscape of measures capturing sexual orientation, gender identity, and differences of sex development in federal health surveys, detailing when and how the information was collected. Approach: ...

Innovations in Primary Care   Penn State Health’s Patient-Centered Quality Metric Reframing Project May Serve as a Model for Presenting Future Quality Metrics  Quality metrics aim to improve patient outcomes by setting evidence-based targets, but many are neither patient centered nor physician centered. A team at Penn State Health’s Department of Family and Community Medicine ran a project across 13 ambulatory clinics to make quality data more meaningful by presenting patient-oriented outcomes in plain, natural language. Using 24 months of electronic health record data, they ...