The Zhurong rover has found evidence of water on dune surfaces on modern Mars by providing key observational proof of liquid water at low Martian latitudes, according to a study led by Prof. QIN Xiaoguang from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics (IGG) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The study was published in Science Advances on April 28. Researchers from the National Astronomical Observatories of CAS and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of CAS were also involved in the study. Previous ...

Vallia Antoniou, an assistant professor of practice in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Texas Tech, has been awarded observing time on the powerful Chandra X-Ray Telescope to explore some of the deepest recesses of the universe. It marks the second major Chandra program led by Antoniou, who is also a research associate with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Each year, astronomers from around the world follow a rigorously competitive process to receive Chandra time. The telescope was launched aboard the space shuttle Columbia in 1999 and orbits Earth, offering previously unavailable views of deep space at wavelengths that are not accessible from ground telescopes. During ...

CAMBRIDGE, MA — Emerging AI applications, like chatbots that generate natural human language, demand denser, more powerful computer chips. But semiconductor chips are traditionally made with bulk materials, which are boxy 3D structures, so stacking multiple layers of transistors to create denser integrations is very difficult. However, semiconductor transistors made from ultrathin 2D materials, each only about three atoms in thickness, could be stacked up to create more powerful chips. To this end, MIT researchers have now demonstrated a novel technology that can effectively ...

The green hydrogen economy is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, one of the challenges of constructing a global hydrogen economy is hydrogen transportation by sea. A new paper proposes solid air as a medium for recycling cold energy across the hydrogen liquefaction supply chain. The world is undergoing an energy transition to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate climate change. The COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war have further increased the interest of Europe and Western countries to invest in the hydrogen economy as an alternative to fossil fuels. Hydrogen can significantly reduce geopolitical risks ...

CAMBRIDGE, MA — Maybe you can’t tell a book from its cover, but according to researchers at MIT you may now be able to do the equivalent for materials of all sorts, from an airplane part to a medical implant. Their new approach allows engineers to figure out what’s going on inside simply by observing properties of the material’s surface. The team used a type of machine learning known as deep learning to compare a large set of simulated data about materials’ external force fields and the corresponding internal structure, and used that to generate a ...

According to computational complexity theory, mathematical problems have different levels of difficulty in the context of their solvability. While a classical computer can solve some problems (P) in polynomial time — i.e., the time required for solving P is a polynomial function of the input size — it often fails to solve NP problems that scale exponentially with the problem size and thus cannot be solved in polynomial time. Classical computers based on semiconductor devices are, therefore, inadequate ...

TORONTO, April 28, 2023 — Is an equitable world that includes humans and machines possible? York University researchers believe it must be and have set out to make it so through a first of its kind interdisciplinary research initiative called Connected Minds: Neural and Machine Systems for a Healthy, Just Society. From universities to industries, hospitals and policymakers, artists and Indigenous communities, York’s Connected Minds will engage 50+ community partners and research collaborators over seven years supported by a historic $318.4 million in funding. Connected Minds has received a combined $105.7 million from the Canada First Research ...

Betting on tailless sperm that evolved from brave swimmers to hapless floaters seems like a crazy evolutionary gamble, but a group of fish seems to have done just that. Understanding that tradeoff holds promise to shed light on human disease and shake up biology lessons on traditional gender roles. Michigan State University associate professor of integrative biology Jason Gallant and colleagues are using nearly $1 million from the National Science Foundation to understand the implications from a small African fish which ...

Alex Zhavoronkov, PhD, founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine (“Insilico”) will present at the 9th LSX World Congress happening in London May 3 and May 4. Zhavoronkov, an expert in generative artificial intelligence (AI) for drug discovery, will present on May 3, 2:45pm (London time) on “‘Death By Pilot’” to Asset Licensing – the Evolution of Pharma-AIDD Partnerships” as part of the Biotech Growth CEO Forum and on May 4, 9:30am (London time) on “Building a Galvanizing ...

MINNEAPOLIS – The American Academy of Neurology (AAN), the world’s largest professional association of neurologists and neuroscience professionals, has elected as its 38th president Carlayne E. Jackson, MD, FAAN, a neurologist, researcher and professor of neurology and otolaryngology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Jackson succeeds Orly Avitzur, MD, MBA, FAAN, who completed her two-year term as president during the recent AAN Annual Meeting. “It’s humbling to have been chosen by my colleagues to follow such talented and dedicated individuals ...

Recommendations for high-risk expecting parents and health care providers to promote the prevention of preeclampsia, a leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the United States SAN FRANCISCO - April 28, 2023 – A new special report published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG) provides a groundbreaking approach to preeclampsia, one of the most pressing issues in maternal health today, and will translate the prediction of risk into prevention of disease.  The report, ...

For text categorization, it is necessary to select a set of features(terms) with high discrimination by using feature selection. In text feature selection, Accuracy2（ACC2）treats terms with same absolute document rate difference but different discrimination equally, which is unreasonable. Existing improved methods (normalized difference measure（NDM）, max-min ratio（MMR）and trigonometric comparison measure（TCM）) based on ACC2 may confuse the importance of rare and sparse terms on account of challenge for parameter selection. To solve the problems, a research team led by Li Zhang published their new research on 15 February 2023 in Frontiers of Computer Science co-published ...

The University of Toronto has been awarded a $200-million grant from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF) to revolutionize the speed and impact of scientific discovery through its Acceleration Consortium. The funding – the largest federal research grant ever awarded to a Canadian university – will support the consortium’s work on “self-driving labs” that combine artificial intelligence, robotics and advanced computing to discover new materials and molecules in a fraction of the usual time and cost. Applications include everything from life-saving medications ...

A new study has identified potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents that can target multiple families of RNA viruses that continue to pose a significant threat for future pandemics. The study, led by Gustavo Garcia Jr. in the UCLA Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, tested a library of innate immune agonists that work by targeting pathogen recognition receptors, and found several agents that showed promise, including one that exhibited potent antiviral activity against members of RNA viral families. The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which ...

La Jolla, Calif. (April 28, 2023) — There has been widespread speculation about how advances in artificial intelligence (AI) assistants like ChatGPT could be used in medicine.  A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine led by Dr. John W. Ayers from the Qualcomm Institute within the University of California San Diego provides an early glimpse into the role that AI assistants could play in medicine. The study compared written responses from physicians and those from ChatGPT to real-world health questions. A panel of licensed healthcare professionals preferred ChatGPT’s responses 79% of the time and rated ChatGPT’s responses as higher quality ...

Neuroscientists have uncovered how exploratory actions enable animals to learn their spatial environment more efficiently. Their findings could help build better AI agents that can learn faster and require less experience. Researchers at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre and Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit at UCL found the instinctual exploratory runs that animals carry out are not random. These purposeful actions allow mice to learn a map of the world efficiently. The study, published today in Neuron, describes how ...

About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, children and young adults born preterm were more likely to have used health care related to COVID-19 concerns compared with their term-born peers, independent of a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or asthma. Further exploration of factors associated with COVID-19–related health care use may facilitate refinement of care models.  Authors: Elisabeth C. McGowan, M.D., of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author.  To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link ...

About The Study: In this study of 195 randomly drawn patient questions from a social media forum, a team of licensed health care professionals compared physician’s and chatbot’s responses. The chatbot responses were preferred over physician responses and rated significantly higher for both quality and empathy. Further exploration of this technology is warranted in clinical settings, such as using chatbot to draft responses that physicians could then edit. Randomized trials could assess further if using AI assistants might ...

About The Study: The results of this study of children with parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that most were not receiving ADHD medications and had never received outpatient mental health care. Gaps in treatment, which were not directly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, underscore the challenges of improving communication and access to outpatient mental health care for children with ADHD.  Authors: Mark Olfson, M.D., M.P.H., of Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric ...

BENTLEY UNIVERSITY The National Institutes of Health (NIH) spent $187 billion for basic or applied research related to 354 of the 356 drugs approved by the FDA from 2010-2019, according to a new study from Bentley University’s Center for Integration of Science and Industry. The study, published in JAMA Health Forum, shows that the amount invested per approved drug by the NIH is comparable to that of reported investment by the biopharmaceutical industry. The article, titled “Comparison of research spending on new drug approvals by the U.S. National Institutes of Health versus industry, 2010-2019,” is the first to compare the total value of NIH and ...

COLUMBUS – Rural women are six times more likely to get timely breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening with remote outreach that involves interactive education and follow-up support by telephone, according to a new study. Through the Rural Interventions for Screening Effectiveness (RISE) study, researchers with The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute along with researchers with the Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center compared the effectiveness ...

Artificial photosynthesis for environmentally friendly food production TUM researchers produce important amino acid from greenhouse gas CO2   Growing demand for food in the world Biotechnological process via methanol as intermediate product Less ground required than for plant cultivation Ensuring the supply of food to the constantly growing world population and protecting the environment at the same time are often conflicting objectives. Now researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have successfully developed ...

Today the British Ecological Society (BES) has announced the winners of its journal prizes for research published in 2022. The prizes are awarded for the best paper by an early career researcher in seven of the BES journals: Journal of Applied Ecology, Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Functional Ecology, People and Nature, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal of Ecology and Journal of Animal Ecology. The winning papers are selected by the Senior Editors of the journals and the awards will be presented to the winners at the BES Annual Meeting in Belfast at the end of the year. The winners receive a prize of £250, membership of the BES, a year’s subscription to ...

Safer cancer drugs are now one step closer after a new study led by UCL (University College London) researchers found the likely reason that some treatments damage the heart. Modern drugs can be very effective at treating cancer and have led to greatly improved survival rates. However, some cancer treatments can cause damage to the heart, or cardiotoxicity. This damage can present in a range of ways, from a slight change in the heart’s pumping ability to debilitating heart failure. But the ways in which these drugs cause damage ...

Innovating, i.e. the ability to find solutions to new problems or innovative solutions to known problems, it provides crucial benefits for the adaptation and the survival of human beings as well as for animals. What are the characteristics that make specific species or animals to be innovative? A study by the University of Barcelona has analysed this cognitive skill in ungulates, a group of mammals such as dromedaries, horses and goats, characterized by walking on the tip of their toes or hooves. The results show that those individuals that are less integrated ...