Researchers at the School of Engineering of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) have developed a novel elastic alloy called Ti₇₈Nb₂₂, which achieves remarkable efficiency for solid-state heat pumping and exhibits a reversible temperature change (ΔT) ability that is 20 times greater than that of conventional metals when stretched or compressed, offering a promising green alternative to traditional vapor-compression heating and cooling technologies. Nearly half of the world’s energy is consumed for heating, including district heating in the building sector and process heating in various industrial sectors. Currently, global heat ...

Children born before 37 weeks of gestation have a considerably increased risk of dying before they reach the age of five. Predicting the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and hence implementing preventive strategies is complicated by the heterogeneity of the condition, the many unknown mechanisms involved, and the lack of reliable predictive tools. Now, however, researchers have been able to show that blood cell-free RNA (cfRNA) signatures can predict PTB over four months before delivery date, the annual conference of the European Society of Human Genetics will hear ...

Lorundrostat, a novel therapy which blocks the production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands, demonstrated clinically meaningful and sustained reductions in blood pressure in 1,083 patients with uncontrolled or resistant hypertension, according to the results of a phase 3 trial announced today.  LONDON, UK – 24 May 2025 – The data from the Launch-HTN trial, announced at the 34th European Meeting on Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection, show that lorundrostat, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, is ...

A case in which a sperm donor was later found to be carrying a cancer-causing pathogenic variant in his gametes has highlighted the problems of regulating gamete donation at European and international level, the annual conference of the European Society of Human Genetics will hear today (Saturday). Dr Edwige Kasper, a specialist in genetic predisposition to cancer at the Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France, will say that the lack of cross-border regulation in Europe can result in the multiple use of gametes in  families and risks inbreeding and the  abnormal  dissemination of inherited diseases. Towards ...

In biology, enzymes have evolved over millions of years to drive chemical reactions. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS) now derived universal rules to enable the de novo design of optimal enzymes. As an example, they considered the enzymatic reaction of breaking a dimer into two monomer molecules. Considering the geometry of such an enzyme-substrate-complex, they identified three golden rules that should be considered to build a functional enzyme. First, the interface of both enzyme and molecule should be located at their respective smaller end. This way, a strong coupling between both of them ...

Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, a leading mind in applied geophysics and Trustee Professor of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences at Rice University, has been awarded the 2025 Reginald Fessenden Award by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists. The honor recognizes a “specific technical contribution to exploration geophysics” that represents a major scientific or conceptual advancement — a distinction that places Ajo-Franklin among the most influential innovators in the field. Ajo-Franklin is internationally recognized for ...

Q: How would you summarize your study for a lay audience? Our study investigated the role of astrocytes, an abundant cell type in the brain, in regulating an immune response against glioblastoma (GBM)—a highly aggressive brain cancer. We found a subset of astrocytes that limits the immune response and can be targeted with therapeutics.   Q: What question were you investigating? GBM is a brain cancer that has remained untreatable for decades. Immunotherapies that have worked in other cancers are ineffective in GBM, potentially due to the local suppression of immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Astrocytes are abundant ...

HOUSTON – (May 23, 2025) – More than ten years ago, researchers at Rice University led by materials scientist Boris Yakobson predicted that boron atoms would cling too tightly to copper to form borophene, a flexible, metallic two-dimensional material with potential across electronics, energy and catalysis. Now, new research shows that prediction holds up, but not in the way anyone expected. Unlike systems such as graphene on copper, where atoms may diffuse into the substrate without forming a distinct alloy, the ...

Flowers grow stems, leaves and petals in a perfect pattern again and again. A new Cornell study shows that even in this precise, patterned formation in plants, gene activity inside individual cells is far more chaotic than it appears from the outside. This finding has important implications for plant engineering, where scientists design artificial gene switches to control growth or behavior. Understanding how plants manage genetic “noise” could also inform research in other fields, from synthetic ...

Q: How would you summarize your study for a lay audience?  Given the rise in brain-based conditions and the growing development and investment in neurotechnologies to target them, it is important to understand how the public views these interventions and whether they would be willing to use them. To explore this, we conducted a survey of over 1,000 U.S. adults to examine perceptions of four neurotechnologies designed to treat severe mood, memory, or motor symptoms.  Q: What question were you investigating?   One of the goals of the recently created Neurotech Justice Accelerator at Mass General Brigham (NJAM), a Dana Center for Neuroscience & Society, is to better ...

NEW ORLEANS, May 23, 2025 – When children are dropped off at a school or day care for the first time, there can be a lot of feelings and sometimes meltdowns caused by being separated from parents, meeting new people, and hearing new noises. Could the architecture of the room help to soothe at least some of the children’s concerns? “Classrooms without any sound absorption are the majority in Japan,” said Ikuri Matsuoka, a master’s student at Kumamoto University in Japan. “My motivation was to make people aware of the importance of acoustics in classrooms because in Japan, there are no standards ...

Eight times more American young adults now take medication to protect them from HIV than a decade ago, a new study finds. But even with this positive news about increasing use of pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP, the study also suggests that health care providers and public health agencies could do more to promote consistent use of these medications. The new study, done by a team at the University of Michigan Medical School, uses national pharmacy data to look at prescriptions for oral PrEP from 2016 to 2023 among people ages 18 to 25. It’s published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine. At the start of the study period, 26 of every 100,000 U.S. young ...

Where did the moon’s magnetism go? Scientists have puzzled over this question for decades, ever since orbiting spacecraft picked up signs of a high magnetic field in lunar surface rocks. The moon itself has no inherent magnetism today.   Now, MIT scientists may have solved the mystery. They propose that a combination of an ancient, weak magnetic field and a large, plasma-generating impact may have temporarily created a strong magnetic field, concentrated on the far side of the moon.  In a study appearing in the journal Science Advances, the researchers show through detailed simulations that ...

Much of the world’s lithium occurs in salty waters with fundamentally different chemistry than other naturally saline waters like the ocean, according to a study published on May 23 in Science Advances. The finding has implications for lithium mining technologies and wastewater assessment and management. Lithium is a critical mineral in the renewable energy sector. About 40% of global lithium production comes from large salt pans, called salars, in the central Andes Mountains in South America and the Tibetan Plateau ...

Researchers from Nagoya City University, Tohoku University, and other institutions have used numerical simulations to replicate how a peculiar mineral texture called barred olivine forms inside chondrules—millimeter-sized spherical particles found in meteorites. These chondrules are considered time capsules from the early solar system, and barred olivine is a rare mineral texture not seen in Earth rocks. Associate Professor Hitoshi Miura of Nagoya City University and the team was the first to reproduce this texture using numerical simulations and ...

Embargoed to 14:00 (2:00 pm) US Eastern Time Friday, 23 May 2025 or NZT 06:0 6am Saturday 24 May 2025: A breakthrough study, led by scientists at Waipapa Taumata Rau, University of Auckland, has uncovered how daylight can boost the immune system’s ability to fight infections. The team focused on the most abundant immune cells in our bodies, called ‘neutrophils’, which are a type of white blood cell. These cells move quickly to the site of an infection and kill invading bacteria. The researchers used zebrafish, a small freshwater fish, as a model organism, because its genetic ...

The study, a collaboration between MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), reanalyzed massive datasets of large-scale distributions of plankton-derived lipids in the ocean, which were initially published by WHOI in 2022. “This study shows the value of open science,” says first author Dr. Weimin Liu from MARUM. “Using new methods on open-access data, we uncovered previously hidden patterns of plankton adaptation.” The datasets, totaling over 200 GB ...

A research team led by Professor Randolf Pohl from the Institute of Physics at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) has achieved a significant breakthrough in determining fundamental properties of atomic nuclei. For the first time, the team conducted laser spectroscopy experiments on muonic helium-3 at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Muonic helium-3 is a special form of helium in which the atom’s two electrons are replaced by a single, much heavier muon. Yesterday, the results ...

Background and objectives Oral microbiota dysbiosis and altered salivary cortisol levels have been linked to depression and anxiety. Given that bacterial transmission can occur between spouses, this study aimed to investigate whether the transmission of oral microbiota between newlywed couples mediates symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods Validated Persian versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered to 1,740 couples who had been married for six months. The researchers compared 268 healthy control spouses with 268 affected cases in a cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed using appropriate ...

Researchers led by Maike Sander, Scientific Director of the Max Delbrück Center, have developed a vascularized organoid model of hormone secreting cells in the pancreas. The advance, published in Developmental Cell, promises to improve diabetes research and cell-based therapies. An international team of researchers led by Max Delbrück Center Scientific Director Professor Maike Sander has for the first time developed an organoid model of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic islets (SC-islets) with integrated vasculature. Islets are cell clusters in the pancreas that house several different types of hormone-secreting cells, including insulin-producing beta ...

EMBARGOED UNTIL 11 AM EST on Friday, May 23, 2025 Contact: Jillian McKoy, jpmckoy@bu.edu  Michael Saunders, msaunder@bu.edu  ## US Excess Deaths Continued to Rise Even After the COVID-19 Pandemic  There were over 1.5 million “missing Americans” in 2022 and 2023, deaths that would have been averted if US mortality rates matched those of peer countries. Excess US deaths have been increasing for decades, with working-age adults disproportionately affected, and this trend continued during and after the pandemic.  In 2022 and 2023, more than 1.5 million deaths would have been averted if the United ...

About The Study: Between 1980 and 2023, the total number of excess U.S. deaths reached an estimated 14.7 million. Although excess deaths per year peaked in 2021, there were still more than 1.5 million during 2022 to 2023. In 2023, excess death rates remained substantially higher than pre-pandemic rates. The rising trend from 1980 to 2019 appears to have continued during and after the pandemic, likely reflecting pre-pandemic causes of death, including drug overdose, firearm injury, and cardiometabolic disease. These deaths highlight the continued ...

PITTSBURGH, May 23, 2025 — Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh, University of South Carolina and Emory University have published findings in JAMA Health Forum from a recent study on coverage retention and plan switching among Americans who obtain their health insurance through HealthCare.gov. Looking at data from 2022 through 2024, the authors found that losing the option to automatically reenroll into a zero-premium plan reduced enrollment. Reenrollment decreased by about 7% among those affected, indicating that an estimated quarter of a million Americans ...

A recent study on the application of Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) found that mNGS can achieve early detection of pathogens and accelerate the development of targeted anti-infection treatment plans, thereby improving treatment outcomes and patient prognosis. The research, conducted by the Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and BGI Genomics, was published in the journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology early in May. The mNGS Outperforms Traditional Methods Conventional microbiological tests (CMTs) rely ...

The expression of symptoms of viral infections is a byproduct of complex virus-host molecular pathways. These remain largely unknown, especially in the case of fungus-virus pathogen systems. Fungal antiviral responses involve three known mechanisms: RNA interference (RNAi), a post-transcriptional mechanism that inhibits viral replication; transcriptional reprogramming; and recognition of self versus non-self, which limits cell-to-cell transmission of viruses within fungi. While many fungal viruses (mycoviruses) cause asymptomatic infections in their hosts, the mechanisms ...