With around 5,000 different ethno-linguistic and religious groups, India is one of the most culturally and genetically diverse countries in the world. Yet, it remains underrepresented in genomic surveys, even when compared to other non-European groups, such as East Asians and Africans. A new analysis of Indian genomes — the largest and most complete to date — helps untangle these groups' complex evolutionary history, uncovering a 50,000-year history of genetic mixing and population bottlenecks that shaped genetic variation, ...

UVA Health has received two anonymous $25 million estate gifts to support the University of Virginia’s Paul and Diane Manning Institute of Biotechnology. The $50 million of additional support for the institute enabled UVA Health to top its $1 billion fundraising goal in UVA’s Honor the Future campaign, which concludes this month.  “I’m deeply grateful for the generosity and vision of these donors, whose contributions will help us to realize the full potential of the Manning Institute, and for everyone who has helped UVA Health reach this milestone,” said UVA President Jim Ryan. “These extraordinary gifts will support the Manning Institute’s ...

Researchers at the Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, report in Small, a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering nanotechnology, published by Wiley-WCH, Germany, how short peptides self-assemble linearly on atomically-thick solid surfaces, such as graphite and MoS2. The research addresses a longstanding challenge in materials science: understanding the complex, sequence-specific interactions between peptides and solid substrates, and the critical role of local hydration ...

A research team led by Associate Professor Ayako Okado-Matsumoto from the Department of Biology at Toho University has made a significant finding that sheds new light on Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). This study was conducted in collaboration with Professor Ryuji Sakakibara from the Department of Neurology at Sakura Medical Center, and Professors Hitoshi Nukada and Soroku Yagihashi from the Department of Exploratory Medicine on Nature, Life and Man at Toho University. The team discovered a notable change in a specific protein found in the blood of patients with DLB. Their research revealed that individuals with DLB ...

WASHINGTON — In a new study, researchers demonstrated long-term, non-invasive monitoring of blood sodium levels using a system that combines optoacoustic detection with terahertz spectroscopy. Accurate measurement of blood sodium is essential for diagnosing and managing conditions such as dehydration, kidney disease and certain neurological and endocrine disorders. Terahertz radiation, which falls between microwaves and the mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, is ideal for biological applications because it is low-energy and non-harmful to tissues, ...

The Mamyshev oscillator (MO) is a type of fiber laser capable of producing high-energy laser pulses at a tunable repetition rate. It is a mode-locked laser which uses light travelling within a closed-loop cavity to produce laser emission. Harmonic mode-locking (HML) is an  advanced form of mode-locking process where multiple laser pulses are produced within one round trip of light. MOs employing HML are used for several advanced applications such as optical communication, frequency metrology, and micromachining. Despite increasing applications of HML MOs, understanding the light buildup dynamics of HML within these lasers ...

GLENVIEW, IL – First announced earlier this year, the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) educational program and formal certification exam for advanced practice providers (APPs), including nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants/associates (PAs), in critical care is now available. The CHEST Critical Care APP (CCAPP) Certification Exam was created using a rigorous and data-driven approach aligning with professional certification standards to determine the 11 topic areas on the exam. Questions focus on foundational areas for practicing critical care that are meaningful across ...

Diatoms are some of the most common algae found in the ocean. There are at least 100,000 species. Most of these tiny diatoms use photosynthesis. This means that they use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce the sugar and energy they need to grow, live and reproduce. However, some diatoms are different, such as the one with the not very catchy name of Nitzschia sing1. “These algae have stopped photosynthesising and started living off kelp,” explained Finn L. Aachmann, Professor at the Department of Biotechnology and Food Science at the Norwegian University ...

A new study challenges the idea that climate change is behind the recent erratic behavior of the polar jet stream, the massive current of Arctic air that regulates weather for much of the Northern Hemisphere. Large waves in the jet stream observed since the 1990s have, in recent years, driven abnormally frigid temperatures and devastating winter storms deep into regions such as the southern United States. Scientists fear that a warming atmosphere brought on by climate change is fueling these wild undulations, causing long troughs of bitter-cold air to drop down from the Arctic. But Dartmouth researchers report in AGU Advances ...

As wildfires increasingly threaten lives, landscapes, and air quality across the U.S., a Stanford-led study published in AGU Advances June 26 finds that prescribed burns can help reduce risks. The research reveals that prescribed burns can reduce the severity of subsequent wildfires by an average of 16% and net smoke pollution by an average of 14%. “Prescribed fire is often promoted as a promising tool in theory to dampen wildfire impacts, but we show clear empirical evidence that prescribed burning works in practice,” ...

Florida Atlantic University’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute was awarded a grant by the Longer Tables Fund to develop a community-based aquaculture facility for conservation and restoration of the queen conch on the island of Eleuthera in The Bahamas. Through a strategic partnership with The Island School’s Cape Eleuthera Institute (CEI), the Queen Conch Conservancy: A Community-Based Aquaculture Restoration Project will address the needs to ensure longevity of the species. Launched by Chef José Andrés with support from the Bezos Courage and Civility Award, the Longer Tables Fund invests in innovative solutions that ...

Washington, D.C., June 26, 2025—James A. Banks, the Kerry and Linda Killinger Endowed Chair in Diversity Studies Emeritus and founding director of the Center for Multicultural Education (now the Banks Center for Educational Justice) at the University of Washington, has been selected by the American Educational Research Association (AERA) to present the 2025 Brown Lecture in Education Research. The public lecture will take place on Thursday, October 23, at 6:00 p.m. ET. Complimentary registration for the livestream will open in July on the AERA website. Often called the “father of multicultural education,” ...

PULLMAN, Wash.—When a team of scientists led by a Washington State University researcher examined the way that more than 9,400 children grew from toddlers to pre-adolescents, two distinct trajectories emerged. For most children, their body-mass index developed along a typical path: a drop in BMI following their first year, followed by a gradual increase after age 6. Eleven percent of the children, however, showed a very different pattern. These children—whose mothers were more likely ...

The use of AI image generation models has not only gained popularity but raised concerns surrounding potential misuse when it comes to training data, including copyright-protected material. Text-to-image models have gained significant popularity due to their ability to generate diverse, realistic-looking images from just a short prompt. As these models are trained on vast datasets from various sources, there is growing concern that artists’ works, including photographs, paintings and other creative pieces, may be used in training without their consent. To protect their work from being exploited by emerging technologies, artists have turned ...

WASHINGTON, D.C.— Compared with a Mediterranean diet, dietary acid load decreased significantly on a low-fat vegan diet and was associated with weight loss, according to a randomized cross-over trial conducted by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine and published in Frontiers in Nutrition.   “Eating acid-producing foods like meat, eggs, and dairy can increase the dietary acid load, or the amount of acids consumed, causing inflammation linked to weight gain,” says Hana Kahleova, MD, PhD, director ...

In general, evolution is a long, slow process of tiny changes passed down over generations, resulting in new adaptations and even new species over thousands or millions of years. But when living things are faced with dramatic shifts in the world around them, they sometimes rapidly adapt to better survive. Scientists recently found an example of evolution in real time, tucked away in the collection drawers of the Field Museum in Chicago. By comparing the skulls of chipmunks and voles from the Chicagoland area collected ...

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have transformed display and lighting technology with their vivid colors, deep contrast, and energy efficiency. As demand grows for lighter, thinner, and more energy-saving devices—especially in wearables, foldables, and portable electronics—there's increasing interest in OLEDs that can operate at lower voltages without compromising performance. A new type of OLEDs, known as exciplex upconversion OLEDs (ExUC-OLEDs), has opened newer avenues for making the display and lighting technology more ...

Nanoparticles (NPs) are materials whose dimensions range from 1 to 1,000 nanometers (nm). Due to their nano-scale dimensions and tunable material properties, NPs have gained interest in the global scientific community in recent years. Applications of NPs in the field of human health include NP-based drug delivery systems and radioactive probe-linked NPs for medical diagnosis. While significant advancements have been achieved in the design and synthesis of NPs, studies investigating the interactions of NPs with important biological macromolecules like proteins remain limited.   To reveal ...

Oak Brook, IL – Volume 32 of SLAS Technology, includes one review, one tech brief, six original research articles, one protocol, one literature highlight and several Special Issue (SI) features. Review Review on biphasic blood drying method for rapid pathogen detection in bloodstream infections This review highlights the biphasic blood drying method—a novel approach combining blood drying with isothermal amplification to enable rapid, culture-free detection of bloodstream pathogens at ultra-low concentrations--offering a faster and ...

Oak Brook, IL – Volume 33 of SLAS Discovery features one review, three original research articles and one entry in the upcoming Special Issue on Biomolecular Condensates as Targets for Drug Discovery. Reviews Antimicrobial resistance: Linking molecular mechanisms to public health impact This review highlights how β-lactamases and efflux pumps, combined with mobile genetic elements, drive the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens, posing a serious threat to global health and agriculture. Original Research Advancing the development of TRIP13 inhibitors: A high-throughput screening ...

Embargoed for release: Thursday, June 26, 2025, 6:00 AM ET Boston, MA—In the midst of a multi-state measles outbreak, a new poll by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the de Beaumont Foundation finds that most U.S. adults (79%) say parents should be required to have children vaccinated against preventable diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella to attend school. This includes a majority of adults across party lines—90% among Democrats and 68% among Republicans – as well as 66% of those who support the “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) movement. It also includes 72% of all parents. ...

Artificial intelligence is considered to be computationally and energy-intensive – a challenge for the Internet of Things (IoT), where small, embedded sensors have to make do with limited computing power, little memory and small batteries. In the E-MINDS project, a research team from the COMET K1 centre Pro2Future, Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) and the University of St. Gallen has found ways to run AI locally and efficiently on the smallest devices – without having to rely on external computing power. For example, it has been possible to run specialised AI models on an ultra-wideband localisation device ...

Patients with atrial fibrillation who have experienced a stroke would benefit greatly from earlier treatment than is currently recommended in current UK guidelines, finds a new study led by UCL (University College London) researchers. The results of the CATALYST study, published in The Lancet, included data from four randomised trials with a total of 5,441 patients across the UK, Switzerland, Sweden and the United States, who had all experienced a recent stroke (between 2017-2024) due to a blocked artery and atrial ...

A new gene therapy delivery device could let hospital pharmacies make personalized nanomedicines to order. This democratized approach to precision medicine, as published in Frontiers in Science, could revolutionize how hospitals treat rare diseases, even in low-resource settings.  Rare diseases affect millions worldwide, yet the one-size-fits-all model of drug development leaves patients with few treatment options. Now a European research project called NANOSPRESSO aims to tip the balance in patients’ favor by boosting access to low-cost bespoke gene and RNA therapies.  The prototype NANOSPRESSO device combines two proven technologies—nucleic acid ...

LMU researchers have demonstrated a possible mechanism for metabolic processes without cell membranes in water-filled pores. Looking at life today, it is difficult to imagine how complex biological processes and structures could have developed from simple building blocks. All cellular processes and reactions appear to be closely interdependent and necessarily occur within a cell membrane. There is no known organism that deviates from this pattern. But how did it come about? How does a cell membrane form without metabolism? Or conversely, how does metabolism arise without a cell ...