CLEVELAND—Researchers at the Case Western Reserve School of Medicine have found that semaglutide, a popular diabetes and weight-loss drug, may lower the risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dementia, a condition that slowly makes it harder for people to remember things and think clearly, occurs when brain cells are damaged and their connections stop working properly. This damage, which worsens over time, can be caused by various modifiable factors, including obesity, T2D, cardiovascular diseases, traumatic brain injury and stroke.   According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 6 million people in the United ...

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Most people who separate their plastic waste for recycling assume the bulk of it will in fact be recycled. But current recycling methods, which “require sorting, grinding, cleaning, remelting and extrusion to obtain plastic pellets, usually lead to lower value materials because of contamination and mechanochemical degradation,” the authors of a new study write. As a result, only about 10% of the plastic that makes it to recycling facilities is recycled. The rest is incinerated, sent to landfills or ends up in ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of death from cancer in the United States (US) and the most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. CRC refers to cancer in the colon or rectum, the two parts that make up the large intestine. In the US, deaths from CRC in people under 55 have been increasing since the mid-2000s, highlighting the need for effective treatments.  New data published in The Journal of Immunology, reveal that cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy improved overall survival and progression-free survival of patients ...

About this study: New research analyzes 103 scientific studies related to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) from food packaging and other food contact articles (FCAs). The normal and intended use of FCAs is a source of MNPs in foodstuffs. The full dataset is freely available through an interactive dashboard.   Zurich, Switzerland – [June 17, 2025] – In a new research article being published in npj Science of Food, scientists led by the Food Packaging Forum show that the normal and intended use of plastic food packaging and other food contact articles (FCAs), such as opening a plastic bottle or chopping on a plastic cutting board, ...

Migration agreements between “transit countries”, such as Turkey or Libya, and Europe have in recent years become the norm as emergency measures to try to stop irregular migration. In 2024, for example, Egypt received over 5 billion euros to improve its border security measures. This kind of initiatives follow as a model the agreement signed in 2016 between the European Union and Turkey to prevent refugees and migrants from entering the EU: the main narrative is that such deals help to reduce overall irregular migration to Europe. A new study by researchers ...

A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis identifies a possible way to slow or block progression of age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness in people over age 50. The WashU Medicine researchers and their international collaborators implicated problems with cholesterol metabolism in this type of vision loss, perhaps helping to explain the links between macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease, which both worsen with age. The new findings — identified using human plasma samples and mouse models of macular degeneration — suggest that increasing ...

Climate change and habitat loss could cause more than 500 bird species to go extinct in the next 100 years, researchers from the University of Reading have found. Their study, published today (Tuesday, 24 June) in Nature Ecology & Evolution, reveals this number is three times higher than all bird extinctions recorded since 1500 CE. The extinction of vulnerable birds such as the bare-necked umbrellabird, the helmeted hornbill, and the yellow-bellied sunbird-asity would greatly reduce the variety of bird shapes and sizes worldwide, harming ecosystems ...

ENNA, Italy, 24 June 2025 – In a comprehensive Genomic Press Thought Leaders Invited Review, researchers have synthesized findings from dozens of studies examining how genetic markers for mood disorders influence treatment outcomes and clinical features across major psychiatric conditions. The analysis reveals that while polygenic scores currently show modest predictive power, they demonstrate consistent patterns that could eventually contribute to more personalized psychiatric care. Genetic Signatures Show Consistent Treatment Patterns Professor Alessandro Serretti from Kore University of Enna analyzed evidence spanning ...

Deep-sea mining in a remote part of the Pacific Ocean could harm ocean life including whales and dolphins, new research shows. The Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) of the Eastern Pacific is a vast area of deep ocean and seamounts. A Canadian firm – The Metals Company – is planning to explore parts of the CCZ for polymetallic nodules. In two new studies, researchers found whales and dolphins – including an endangered sperm whale – in the CCZ, and raise concerns about impacts on a wide range of marine species. “We ...

STANFORD, California, USA, 24 June 2025 – In a comprehensive Genomic Press interview, Stanford University researcher Eric Sun reveals how machine learning is revolutionizing our understanding of brain aging at an unprecedented cellular resolution. Dr. Sun, who will establish his independent laboratory at MIT's Department of Biological Engineering and the Ragon Institute in 2026, represents a new generation of computational scientists transforming aging research through innovative machine learning approaches. Breakthrough Discovery ...

Time-consuming testing and computer simulations are bottlenecks in the design of new materials. A thesis from the University of Gothenburg aims to develop an AI model that can efficiently determine the durability and strength of woven composite materials. Whether it is a floorball stick or a wind turbine blade to be constructed - often different composite materials are used. Composite means mixing several different materials, e.g., carbon fiber and polymers, to achieve the desired balance between different properties such as weight, durability and flexibility of the product. However, designing ...

Stress does no one — not even your insulin-producing cells — any good.  Researchers from Osaka Metropolitan University have identified a gene that, when activated by metabolic stress, damages pancreatic β-cells — the cells responsible for insulin production and blood sugar control — pushing them toward dysfunction. The findings highlight a promising new target for early intervention in type 2 diabetes. While many factors can contribute to type 2 diabetes, lifestyle, especially diet, plays a major role in its onset. Genetics matter, but poor eating habits can greatly ...

To save elephant populations from extinction, the international community banned the sale of their ivory — but selling mammoth ivory remains legal, and the two are difficult to tell apart, especially for non-experts. This leaves a possible loophole for sellers of poached ivory to exploit. Now stable isotope analysis could provide a cheap, rapid option to speed up sample screening and stop the sale of elephant ivory. “Smugglers routinely use mixed shipments — an illegal wildlife product mixed with a legal one of similar appearance — to fool law enforcement,” said Dr Pavel Toropov ...

In this April 2025 issue of Annals of Thoracic Surgery (JCR Q1, IF: 3.6), a retrospective study, led by Professors Jianxing He and Shuben Li from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, illustrated the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of extended sleeve lobectomy (ESL) after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in patients with centrally located non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The article entitled "Extended Sleeve Lobectomy After Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy for Centrally Located Non-small Cell Lung Cancer". It is the first study ...

New research cast doubts over suggestions an incestuous social elite ruled over the ancient people of Ireland, 5500 years ago. A paper led by researchers from University College Dublin, in collaboration with University of Bergen, Australian National University, University of York, University of Exeter, University of Liverpool, and Archaeological Consultancy Services Unit (a commercial archaeological company), has questioned the belief that burial within the ‘mega’ passage tomb of Newgrange was the preserve of kings and other dignitaries, who represented ...

Past years have witnessed impressive successes for tree models, while an important problem is to understand their predictions, especially for some critical applications. Previous interpretation methods for tree models focus on measuring the importance of individual features while ignoring plentiful correlations and structures among multiple features.   To solve the problems, a research team led by Wei GAO published their new research on 15 May 2025 in Frontiers of Computer Science co-published by Higher Education Press and Springer Nature.   The ...

The military prides itself on loyalty and respect but those values must extend to how they treat those who leave service, new research from Flinders University reveals. Led by Australian Army veteran and Flinders University PhD Candidate Cameron Grant, the study analysed responses from nearly 400 former Australian Defence Force (ADF) members, uncovering widespread dissatisfaction with their discharge experience. “The discharge process represents a complete severance of all military status, which can be extremely challenging in and of itself, but if that process is also unpleasant it can ...

Women who experience complications during pregnancy face a higher risk of stroke in the following decades according to research published in the European Heart Journal [1] today (Tuesday).   The study, which included data on more than two million women over more than 40 years, found an increased risk for women who had diabetes or high blood pressure while pregnant, a preterm delivery or a baby with a low birth weight.   Researchers say these common pregnancy complications could act as an early signal for cardiovascular problems in the future, meaning women could receive help early in life to lower their risk of ...

A landmark study by WEHI scientists has shed new light on one of the most fundamental mysteries of biology: how cells divide and grow into the complex structures that make up our bodies. The study has produced a sophisticated and leading new technology for tracking cells very early during embryo development, as they divide, migrate and specialise into the organs, tissues and systems that keep us alive. The innovative tech, called LoxCode, provides each cell in a genetically engineered mouse with one of billions of individual DNA barcodes, allowing them to be tracked in unprecedented detail. Published in Cell, ...

Skin grafts genetically engineered from a patient’s own cells can heal persistent wounds in people with an extremely painful dermatologic disease, a Stanford Medicine-led clinical trial has shown. The grafts treat severe dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, or EB, a genetic condition in which the skin is so fragile the slightest touch can cause blistering and wounds, eventually leading to large, open lesions that never heal and are immensely painful. A phase 3 clinical trial showed that EB patients experienced significantly better healing, less pain and less itching from wounds treated ...

Endoscopies could be replaced by far less invasive capsule sponge tests for half of all patients with Barrett’s oesophagus, a known precursor to oesophageal cancer, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and Queen Mary University of London. The capsule sponge test is easier to administer and could be carried out by nurses and at GP practices, reducing the burden on NHS resources. Oesophageal cancer is difficult to treat, with fewer than one in five patients surviving for five or more years following ...

New research has cast doubts over suggestions an incestuous social elite ruled over the ancient people of Ireland more than 5,000 years ago. Researchers examined the evidence from burials of individuals at the Newgrange prehistoric monument in Ireland - a large circular mound containing a chamber where cremated and unburnt human remains were placed, the discovery of which led to speculation that those buried there must have been from an elite class or a royal family. In 2020, the DNA analysis of a bone skull fragment found in the chamber, however, suggested that at least one of the individuals buried there was the result of a relationship ...

Irvine, Calif., June 23, 2025 — Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have successfully performed preclinical laboratory testing of a replacement heart valve intended for toddlers and young children with congenital cardiac defects, a key step toward obtaining approval for human use. The results of their study were published recently in Journal of the American Heart Association. The management of patients with congenital heart disease who require surgical pulmonary valve replacement typically occurs between the ages of 2 and 10. To be eligible for a minimally invasive transcatheter ...

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – Human exposure to toxic particles drives various diseases. Examples include gout, an acute arthritis driven by monosodium urate crystals, or MSUc; CPPD disease, another inflammatory joint disease driven by calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals, or CPPDc; and the lung disease silicosis, driven by inhaled silica-derived nanoparticles. Macrophages are the specialized phagocytic cells that respond to toxic particle depositions to exert inflammatory and clearance responses. These long-lived immune cells engulf foreign substances like toxic particles, as well as pathogens like cancer ...

Aimlessly wandering around a city or exploring the new mall may seem unproductive, but new research from HHMI’s Janelia Research Campus suggests it could play an important role in how our brains learn. By simultaneously recording the activity of tens of thousands of neurons, a team of scientists from the Pachitariu and Stringer labs discovered that learning may occur even when there are no specific tasks or goals involved.   The new research finds that as animals explore their environment, neurons in the visual cortex—the brain area responsible for processing visual information—encode ...