Natural weathering processes are removing CO2 from the air in a wide range of environments across continents and ocean. Until recently these ‘CO2 vacuum cleaners’ were often studied separately, without properly examining their complex interactions. Now, an international team of earth scientists is proposing an integrated vision of the many factors that influence the removal of atmospheric CO2 from the highest mountain peaks to the deep ocean floor, including their various interactions. The so-called weathering continuum provides a much more complete picture on what controls and regulates the natural removal of CO2, which could ...

To the point Power relationships between female and male gorillas: They are less strictly male-biased than previously thought. Females can overpower males despite the extreme male-biases in size and strength. Revisiting traditional gender narratives: Females that overpower males have priority of access to food over these males, challenging the traditional narrative that females and males compete over different resources (females  over food and males over females). Over 50 years ago, the idea that males had universal ...

About The Study: In this modeling study, economic favorability of COVID-19 vaccination varied by age. Cost-effectiveness results for individuals in the 2 older age groups were favorable and generally robust to changes in parameter inputs, while results for the younger age group were sensitive to parameter input changes. As the evidence base for COVID-19 vaccination and burden of illness evolves, it may be important to continue to update and revise the economic evaluation of vaccination. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices considered these results in its decision to recommend vaccination with the 2023 to 2024 COVID-19 mRNA ...

About The Study: Stratified analyses in this study revealed that prediabetes was significantly associated with mortality only among younger adults (ages 20-54), highlighting the importance of age-specific interventions. Lifestyle behaviors, limited health care access, and life stage challenges may contribute to the increased mortality risk in younger adults. Early-onset health problems in this group may also reflect stronger genetic predispositions, leading to more rapid disease progression and more severe health outcomes. These findings underscore ...

The Perito Moreno Glacier in Argentina — often described as one of the most stable glaciers in Patagonia — is retreating far more rapidly than previously thought, according to a paper in Communications Earth & Environment. The results show that, over the last few years, the glacier has retreated by as much as 800 metres in some areas, and that it may collapse and retreat by several kilometres in the near future. The Perito Moreno Glacier is a 30-kilometre-long glacier in the Argentine Patagonia, fed by the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in the Andes and terminating in ...

To the point Stable genetic ancestry: Despite significant cultural changes, populations in the Southern Caucasus have maintained remarkably constant genetic ancestry for over 5,000 years. Genetic contributions during the Bronze Age: Although local genetic continuity was predominant, there were partial genetic contributions from the Eurasian Steppe and from Anatolia during the Bronze Age. Cultural influences: Practices such as cranial deformation were adopted primarily through cultural influences, rather than solely through migration. New insights into the Southern Caucasus region: This research highlights the Southern Caucasus as ...

Quick facts: Clinical research, 752 individuals with type 2 diabetes, quantitative study, DNA methylation as a way to identify epigenetic biomarkers in blood. People with type 2 diabetes are up to four times more likely to have heart attacks, strokes, anginas and other coronary heart diseases than healthy people. Therefore, biomarkers that help us understand which individuals are at risk of being affected are needed. A research team led from Lund University in Sweden, followed 752 people who, when the study started, were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. ...

University of Virginia School of Medicine scientists are tapping the power of artificial intelligence to enhance and accelerate treatment for glioblastoma, the deadliest brain cancer. UVA researcher Bijoy Kundu, PhD, and colleagues are developing an AI imaging approach to distinguish between tumor progression and brain changes caused by tumor treatment. It now can take months to make that distinction, leaving doctors uncertain if the tumor is growing and stalling important care decisions. Kundu’s AI approach is already outperforming ...

Both for research and medical purposes, researchers have spent decades pushing the limits of microscopy to produce ever deeper and sharper images of brain activity, not only in the cortex but also in regions underneath such as the hippocampus. In a new study, a team of MIT scientists and engineers demonstrates a new microscope system capable of peering exceptionally deep into brain tissues to detect the molecular activity of individual cells by using sound. “The major advance here is to enable us to image deeper at single-cell resolution,” ...

LOS ANGELES — City of Hope® Research Spotlight offers a glimpse into groundbreaking scientific and clinical discoveries advancing lifesaving cures for patients with cancer, diabetes and other chronic, life-threatening diseases. Each spotlight features research-related news, such as recognitions, collaborations and the latest research defining the future of medical treatment. This roundup highlights two innovative clinical trials for promising cancer treatments, a potential liquid biopsy for gastric cancer, new insights into how to boost immune system ...

In a new paper published in Light: Science & Applications, a team of scientists from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Fragmentix, University of Waterloo (UW), and Technische Universität Wien (TU) have successfully demonstrated a more practical and robust method for quantum key distribution, a breakthrough that could soon lead to more secure and cost-effective communication networks worldwide.   Imagine sharing secrets today that will stay safe – even from the most powerful quantum computers of tomorrow. That’s the promise of quantum key distribution (QKD), a method that uses the principles ...

Washington, D.C. — A new study in the journal Microbiology Spectrum highlights the potential of using a natural compound from maple to combat the bacteria responsible for tooth decay: Streptococcus mutans. The compound, epicatechin gallate, is a powerful and safe alternative to traditional plaque-fighting agents. Its natural abundance, affordability and lack of toxicity make it especially promising for inclusion in oral care products such as mouthwashes, offering a safer option for young children, who often accidentally swallow mouthwash. The new study emerged as an offshoot of research into natural compounds that ...

AURORA, Colo. (Aug. 7, 2025) – The first paper from a multi-year clinical research study has been published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases: Dynamics of Endemic Virus Re-emergence in Children in the USA Following the COVID-19 Pandemic (2022-2023): A Longitudinal Immunoepidemiologic Surveillance Study and demonstrates how the approach can improve modeling to better predict future outbreaks. The paper shares findings from a multicenter clinical research study, one of many studies that are part of the recently launched PREMISE (Pandemic Response Repository through Microbial and Immune Surveillance ...

A new framework for diagnosis The 2024 European clinical practice guidelines introduce a pivotal terminology shift, replacing NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) with MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) and NASH with MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis). This renaming is not just semantic—it provides a pathophysiologically grounded, inclusive classification system based on the presence of hepatic steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. Importantly, MASLD is now grouped ...

Background and objectives The incidence of early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) is rising, yet optimal treatment strategies remain unclear. While adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) has shown survival benefits in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, its specific role in EOPC patients following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and surgery remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the clinical benefit of ACT in EOPC patients after NACT. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients from the SEER database (2006–2019) who received NACT followed by curative resection. Propensity ...

COLUMBUS, Ohio – A new study combines eye tracking and artificial intelligence to identify the exact moments in an educational video that matter for learning in children.   The study could also predict how much children understood from the video based on their eye movements while they were watching it.   The research is preliminary, but it provides promise for some exciting breakthroughs in video education, said Jason Coronel, lead author of the study and associate professor of communication at The Ohio State University.   “Our ultimate goal is to build ...

What are the limits of quantum physics? This is a question that has been researched around the world for decades. If we want to make the properties of the quantum world technically usable, we need to understand whether objects that are significantly larger than atoms and molecules can also exhibit quantum phenomena. For example, small glass spheres with a diameter of one hundred nanometres can be examined – still over a thousand times smaller than a grain of sand, but huge by quantum standards. For years, attempts have been made to show the extent to which such spheres ...

SuperAgers are adults over age 80 who have the memory capacity of individuals who are at least three decades younger  SuperAgers are highly social and have brains that resist the buildup of Alzheimer’s-related plaques and tangles Research could lead to new strategies to delay, prevent dementia due to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal degeneration CHICAGO --- For 25 years, scientists at Northwestern Medicine have been studying individuals aged 80 and older — dubbed “SuperAgers” — to ...

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, it continues to impose a significant health burden globally. Researchers have now started exploring various innovative methods, such as engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that can enable targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. While promising, the in vivo behavior of pH-responsive ENMs, which continuously interact with body fluids once administered, remains poorly understood.   To address ...

Bethesda, MD (Aug. 1, 2025) – Despite social media helping to increase awareness of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among the public (81% of health care providers agree) and advancements in treatment over the past decade, IBS symptoms continue to significantly impact patients' daily lives and productivity, according to a new survey released by the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), in partnership with The Harris Poll, a Stagwell (STGW) agency. The AGA IBS in America survey reveals compelling new insights that explore shifts in patient experiences, health care provider perceptions, and the treatment landscape for IBS from a similar study conducted in 2015. The 2024 comprehensive ...

Japanese rice fish, known as medaka, are small, easy to breed, and reproduce daily, making them widely used as model organisms around the world. Until now, medaka research has mainly occurred in labs where environmental conditions and study observations are easily controlled. Unnatural environmental settings such as these bring into question the accuracy of previous behavioral findings. Therefore, this study is important for answering the fundamental question of whether the behavior of animals observed in laboratories is the same as in their natural environments. A ...

Chemistry and physics are combining forces at Columbia, and it’s leaving everyone frustrated—in a good way. New work, published today in Nature Physics, describes a new two-dimensional material capable of complex quantum behaviors that arise from its underlying chemistry, rather than its atomic structure.  “It’s a classic Columbia story—multiple groups in physics and chemistry came together to work on this new material, and we found exciting new results about how electrons move,” said Aravind Devarakonda, an applied physicist at Columbia Engineering.  The material, Pd5AlI2, ...

426,016. That’s how many packages of illegal medicines EU agencies confiscated during an eight-month operation in 2024. During the operation, they managed to find counterfeit medicines worth 11.1 million euros. And it’s an increasingly bigger problem. “Pharmaceutical crime is a growing threat in the EU,” Europol stated earlier this year. Fortunately, a new weapon against pharmaceutical counterfeiting may be on the way. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen and Stanford University have shown in a new study that it is possible to distinguish seemingly identical medicines at the molecular level – both across ...

Many animals, including humans, can flexibly modulate their responsiveness to sounds according to different situations. This ability allows them to optimize the use of their limited brain resources by prioritizing the processing of critical information at any given moment. In line with this idea, a research team at Nagoya University in Japan has demonstrated that when female fruit flies are eager to mate, dopaminergic signals can influence their sensitivity to sounds, including courtship sounds from males, which are an essential source of information for species reproduction. "We believe that this finding is the first step toward understanding the neural mechanisms that underlie ...

Large ocean animals can be protected throughout much of their lifecycle by huge Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), new research shows. Scientists tracked sea turtles, manta rays and seabirds – all of which travel far and wide to forage, breed and migrate – in the Chagos Archipelago MPA in the Indian Ocean. In total, 95% of tracking locations were recorded inside the MPA’s 640,000 square kilometre area – suggesting it is large enough to protect these wandering animals. The study – by a team including Exeter and Heriot-Watt universities and ZSL – also assessed the impact of a smaller 100,000 square kilometre MPA and found seabirds would be less well protected ...