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Mouse models for the study of liver fibrosis regression in vivo and ex vivo
Science 2024-11-08

Mouse models for the study of liver fibrosis regression in vivo and ex vivo

Liver fibrosis is a progressive and potentially reversible condition that results from chronic liver damage, which can be caused by a variety of factors, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol abuse, and viral hepatitis. MASLD affects a significant portion of the global population and can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), leading to liver cirrhosis if left untreated. Given the prevalence of MASLD and its related conditions, the study of fibrosis and its regression ...
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At Fortune Global Forum 2024, Alex Zhavoronkov PhD, Founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine, discusses AI business potential
Medicine 2024-11-08

At Fortune Global Forum 2024, Alex Zhavoronkov PhD, Founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine, discusses AI business potential

From November 11 to 12, the Fortune Global Forum 2024, an invite-only premier event of Fortune, is set to gathers the leaders of the world’s biggest multinational companies on the dynamic frontiers of global business in New York, where business leaders from around the globe come together to create a modern roadmap for success. Insilico Medicine(“Insilico”), a global leading generative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven biotechnology company, announces that Alex Zhavoronkov PhD, founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine will be attending the Fortune ...
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Exploring circulating tumor cells: Detection methods and biomarkers for clinical evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Medicine 2024-11-08

Exploring circulating tumor cells: Detection methods and biomarkers for clinical evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health concern, particularly in regions like the Asia-Pacific, where chronic viral hepatitis and liver diseases contribute to its high incidence and mortality. Despite medical advancements, the late-stage diagnosis of HCC remains a major challenge, which underscores the need for more effective early detection strategies. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are tumor cells released into the bloodstream from primary neoplastic sites, offer a promising avenue for non-invasive cancer diagnostics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CTC detection methods, ...
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New material to make next generation of electronics faster and more efficient
Physics 2024-11-08

New material to make next generation of electronics faster and more efficient

MINNEAPOLIS / ST. PAUL (11/08/2024) — Researchers at the University of Minnesota have achieved a new material that will be pivotal in making the next generation of high-power electronics faster, transparent and more efficient. This artificially designed material allows electrons to move faster while remaining transparent to both visible and ultraviolet light, breaking the previous record. The research, published in Science Advances, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, marks a significant leap forward in semiconductor ...
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Research update: Chalk-coated textiles cool in urban environments
Environment 2024-11-08

Research update: Chalk-coated textiles cool in urban environments

As air temperatures stay elevated through fall months, people may still want clothes that cool them down while outside, especially if they live in cities that stay warmer than rural landscapes. Researchers who previously demonstrated a cooling fabric coating now report on additional tests of a treated polyester fabric in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. Fabric treated with the team’s chalk-based coating kept the air underneath up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit cooler in warmer urban environments. Researchers Evan D. Patamia, Megan K. Yee and Trisha L. ...
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New take on immunotherapy reinvigorates T cells by blocking uptake of energy-sapping cancer byproducts
Medicine 2024-11-08

New take on immunotherapy reinvigorates T cells by blocking uptake of energy-sapping cancer byproducts

As cancer cells grow, they pump out metabolic byproducts such as lactic acid into the tumor microenvironment. Exhausted T cells — which have lost their cancer-fighting oomph — consume this lactic acid, which further saps their energy, according to new research from the University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center. When the researchers blocked the protein that imports lactic acid into cells, exhausted T cells gained a new lease on life, which led to improved tumor control in mouse models of cancer. The findings are published today in Nature Immunology. “Blocking access to inhibitory metabolites is a completely new take on how we can reinvigorate ...
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How much climate change is in the weather?
Environment 2024-11-08

How much climate change is in the weather?

Only a few weeks ago, massive precipitation produced by the storm “Boris” led to chaos and flooding in Central and Eastern Europe. An analysis conducted by the Alfred Wegener Institute shows that in a world without the current level of global warming Boris would have deposited roughly nine percent less rain. Such conclusions can be drawn thanks to a new modelling approach called ‘storylines’. How it can be used in near-real-time was just presented in the Nature journal Communications Earth & Environment. At the same time, the AWI team released a freely available online tool that ...
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Medicine 2024-11-08

Flagship AI-ready dataset released in type 2 diabetes study

Researchers today (Nov. 8, 2024) are releasing the flagship dataset from an ambitious study of biomarkers and environmental factors that might influence the development of type 2 diabetes. Because the study participants include people with no diabetes and others with various stages of the condition, the early findings hint at a tapestry of information distinct from previous research. For instance, data from a customized environmental sensor in participants’ homes show a clear association between disease state and exposure to tiny particulates of pollution. ...
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Shaking it up: An innovative method for culturing microbes in static liquid medium
Social Science 2024-11-08

Shaking it up: An innovative method for culturing microbes in static liquid medium

Culturing, a term for growing microorganisms in the laboratory, is a basic yet indispensable method in microbiology research. Microorganisms are often cultured in a liquid medium that provides essential nutrients, and this process is both simple and highly effective. In addition to nutrients, oxygen availability is also critical for the growth of aerobic microorganisms. However, oxygen does not dissolve easily in the liquid medium. As a result, the medium needs to be forcibly aerated, usually by shaking. Several techniques have been developed for better aeration of “shake” cultures, including “baffled” shake flasks, which have indentations designed to improve oxygen ...
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Greener and cleaner: Yeast-green algae mix improves water treatment
Medicine 2024-11-08

Greener and cleaner: Yeast-green algae mix improves water treatment

Bakeries and wineries can’t do without yeast, but they have no need for green algae. Wastewater treatment facilities, however, might just want to have these microorganisms team up. Osaka Metropolitan University researchers have discovered that these simple organisms form the best combination in terms of boosting wastewater treatment efficiency. The active sludge method of wastewater treatment requires electricity to ensure the flow of oxygen that feeds bacteria and other organisms that process the water. Adding microalgae ...
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Acquired immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac
Medicine 2024-11-08

Acquired immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the rapid development and administration of various vaccines worldwide, with some reports linking these vaccines to immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). This report presents two cases of TTP occurring after the administration of the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac from Sinovac Biotech, highlighting the potential association between this type of vaccine and TTP. The article also provides an analysis of TTP incidence in the Nanjing area of China, suggesting a possible correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and the occurrence of TTP.   The first case details a 23-year-old female who developed symptoms of TTP three days ...
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CIDEC as a novel player in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation
Science 2024-11-08

CIDEC as a novel player in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative lesion characterized by structural disruption of the abdominal aortic wall and progressive dilatation into a pulsatile mass. AAA is strongly associated with obesity, partly due to abnormal dilatation of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the abdomen, however, direct evidence is still lacking.   Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector C (CIDEC), also known as fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27) in rodents, is a lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein that plays an important role in lipid storage. It has been reported that CIDEC/FSP27 promotes the growth of LDs by mediating the exchange and transfer of lipids ...
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Artificial intelligence: a double-edged sword for the environment?
Technology 2024-11-08

Artificial intelligence: a double-edged sword for the environment?

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology progresses, the energy demands of training complex models have surged, raising widespread concerns about associated carbon emissions. This rapid growth is fueled by global demand across industries and academia, leading to exponential increases in computing power that carry significant environmental consequences. Given these challenges, in-depth research is essential to fully understand AI's carbon footprint and develop strategies for mitigating its environmental impact. In a view (DOI: 10.1007/s11783-024-1918-y) by ...
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Social Science 2024-11-08

Current test accommodations for students with blindness do not fully address their needs

Tsukuba, Japan—Students often appear for high-stakes tests that hold significant weight in determining their futures. One such examination, the Common Test for University Admissions, currently allows examinees using braille an extended examination time of 1.5 times the standard duration. However, with the recent increase in complex questions and questions involving charts and diagrams in such tests, it is necessary to review whether the current accommodations remain adequate. The researchers assessed the validity of the current time extension for examination questions containing complex tables by measuring the time required to read the text and complex tables. The results showed that ...
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Wide-incident-angle wideband radio-wave absorbers boost 5G and beyond 5G applications
Technology 2024-11-08

Wide-incident-angle wideband radio-wave absorbers boost 5G and beyond 5G applications

5G wireless communication services have rapidly expanded worldwide, leveraging millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies in the 24 GHz to 71 GHz range (referred to as frequency range 2, or FR2). Looking ahead, Beyond 5G and 6G services, projected to offer ultra-fast connectivity exceeding 100 Gbit/s, are expected to be introduced in the 2030s. Frequencies in the 150-GHz to 300-GHz range are being considered as potential candidates for these future networks. However, critical components such as radio-wave absorbers, essential for packaging and modularization, still need to be developed. These absorbers play a key role in reducing ...
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A graph transformer with boundary-aware attention for semantic segmentation
Science 2024-11-08

A graph transformer with boundary-aware attention for semantic segmentation

The transformer-based semantic segmentation approaches, which divide the image into different regions by sliding windows and model the relation inside each window, have achieved outstanding success. However, since the relation modeling between windows was not the primary emphasis of previous work, it was not fully utilized. To solve the problems, a research team led by Zizhang Wu published their new research on 15 October 2024 in Frontiers of Computer Science co-published by Higher Education Press and Springer ...
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Medicine 2024-11-08

C-Path announces key leadership appointments in neurodegenerative disease research

TUCSON, Ariz., November 7, 2024 — Critical Path Institute® (C-Path) today announced key leadership appointments: Diane Stephenson, Ph.D., has been promoted to Vice President of Neurology, and Nadine Tatton, Ph.D., has been welcomed as the new Executive Director of C-Path’s Critical Path for Alzheimer’s Disease (CPAD) Consortium. With over 30 years of specialized research in neuroscience and drug development and having served as the Executive Director of the Critical Path for Parkinson’s Consortium (CPP) for nearly 15 years, Dr. Stephenson has been an extraordinary partner in advancing our understanding ...
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Social Science 2024-11-08

First-of-its-kind analysis of U.S. national data reveals significant disparities in individual well-being as measured by lifespan, education, and income

First-of-its-kind analysis of US national data reveals significant disparities in individual well-being as measured by lifespan, education, and income.  White males make up largest share of the group with lowest well-being while American Indian and Alaska Native individuals, and Black males, face the most significant challenges to overall well-being.   Populations at the lowest levels of well-being across the US are especially concentrated in the Deep South, Appalachia, and the Rust Belt.  The ...
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Science 2024-11-08

Exercise programs help cut new mums’ ‘baby blues’ severity and major depression risk

Exercise-only programmes help cut the severity of the ‘baby blues’ and the risk of major clinical depression in new mums, finds a pooled data analysis of the available evidence, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. But at least 80 weekly minutes of moderate intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, water aerobics, stationary cycling, and resistance training with bands, weights, or body weight are needed to achieve the effects, the findings show. Maternal depression and anxiety are relatively common after giving birth and associated with reduced self-care and compromised infant caregiving and bonding, ...
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Medicine 2024-11-08

Gut microbiome changes linked to onset of clinically evident rheumatoid arthritis

Changes in the make-up of the gut microbiome are linked to the onset of clinically evident rheumatoid arthritis in those at risk of the disease because of genetic, environmental, or immunological factors, suggests research published online in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.   It’s not clear if this instability is a cause or consequence of disease development, emphasise the researchers, but the findings might nevertheless help to identify those at risk as well as paving the way for preventive and personalised treatment strategies, they suggest. Previously published research consistently shows an unfavourable imbalance in ...
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Medicine 2024-11-08

Signals from the gut could transform rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Changes in the gut microbiome before rheumatoid arthritis is developed could provide a window of opportunity for preventative treatments, new research suggests. Bacteria associated with inflammation is found in the gut in higher amounts roughly ten months before patients develop clinical rheumatoid arthritis, a longitudinal study by Leeds researchers has found.  Affecting more than half a million people in the UK, rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that causes swelling, pain and stiffness in the ...
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Pioneering research reveals some of the world’s least polluting populations are at much greater risk of flooding fuelled by climate change
Environment 2024-11-08

Pioneering research reveals some of the world’s least polluting populations are at much greater risk of flooding fuelled by climate change

A new study has exposed for the first time how inhabitants of the smallest countries globally, contributing least to climate change, already bear the brunt of its devastating consequences and the burden is likely to worsen. The research, led by the University of Bristol, showed on average nearly one in five people (20%) in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) – totalling some 8.5million – are now exposed to coastal and inland flooding. For three of the 57 countries concentrated in the Pacific, Caribbean, Indian Ocean, ...
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Medicine 2024-11-08

UK’s health data should be recognized as critical national infrastructure, says independent review

An independent review, Uniting the UK’s Health Data: A Huge Opportunity for Society, published today (8 November 2024), has found that complexities and inefficiencies are impeding the use of the UK’s rich sources of health data to improve people’s health and lives. Researchers and analysts frequently have to wait many months – or even years – to securely access health data to improve care and for vital research into diseases like dementia, cancer and heart disease. Led by Professor ...
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A 36-gene predictive score of anti-cancer drug resistance anticipates cancer therapy outcomes
Medicine 2024-11-07

A 36-gene predictive score of anti-cancer drug resistance anticipates cancer therapy outcomes

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the National Cancer Act, launching a nationwide effort to combat the disease. Eighty-seven years later, despite significant progress, cancer treatment often falls short, with 50 to 80 percent of patients not responding to treatment and more than 600,000 cancer deaths annually in the United States. What if clinicians could predict the success of any cancer treatment, ensuring each patient receives the most effective care? The challenge lies in the diverse nature of the disease. There are hundreds of different types of cancers, characterized by the specific type of cell from which they originate. Even patients ...
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Science 2024-11-07

Someone flirts with your spouse. Does that make your partner appear more attractive?

Picture this: You’re at a bar when someone starts hitting shamelessly on your spouse or significant other, who doesn’t flirt back. As the scene unfolds, your base instincts kick in—annoyance, anger, jealousy—followed by a heightened sexual desire for your partner. You’re ready to reclaim the attention that should be rightfully yours, correct? Not necessarily, according to a new study in the Journal of Sex Research by researchers at Reichman University in Herzliya, Israel, and ...
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