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Early action to control cardiovascular risk factors preserves brain metabolism

Early action to control cardiovascular risk factors preserves brain metabolism
2023-08-31
Cardiovascular disease and dementia frequently occur together in elderly people. Nevertheless, few longitudinal studies have examined how atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors affect brain health from middle age. Now, a new study by scientists at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) in Madrid provides new data on this relationship; the results confirm the importance of controlling traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, ...

Avoid cannabis during adolescence, pregnancy and while driving, say experts

2023-08-31
Experts recommend avoiding cannabis during adolescence and early adulthood, in people prone to or with mental health disorders, in pregnancy, and before and while driving, based on an in-depth evidence review published by The BMJ today. However, they say cannabidiol (one active compound in cannabis) is effective in people with epilepsy, and cannabis based medicines can help people with multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, inflammatory bowel disease, and in palliative care. Their recommendations are based on an “umbrella review” of 101 meta-analyses on cannabis ...

Call for action over unreliable private online hormone tests

2023-08-31
A large private laboratory is still processing finger prick tests for oestrogen levels, which are sold by private retailers online, despite warnings they are unreliable, reveals an investigation published by The BMJ today.  Journalist Emma Wilkinson reports that Eurofins, a large laboratory based in the UK, is still carrying out finger prick tests for oestradiol despite problems being identified in 2021 and two other laboratories and one online retailer withdrawing the tests over concerns that the results might not always be accurate. Finger prick tests for oestradiol are sold by online retailers for between £50 and £180, depending on what is included in ...

Home-monitoring during IVF equally safe and successful

2023-08-31
Home monitoring of ovulation prior to placing frozen embryos during an IVF process works just as well as hospital checks to determine the best time. In addition, it is more pleasant for women to undergo this in their own environment, and it places less burden on the hospital facilities. "Monitoring ovulation at home means a hospital visit once for the placement of these embryos instead of 3 to 4 times for hospital monitoring. This is more sustainable and reduces the cost of treatment by up to 80%," says Tijtske Zaat, researcher at Amsterdam UMC. The study was published today in The Lancet.    To optimize fertility treatments, researchers ...

Treatment for problematic snoring can also reduce night-time heartburn and respiratory symptoms

2023-08-31
A treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can also reduce night-time heartburn, coughing and wheezing according to a study published today (Thursday) in ERJ Open Research [1].   People with OSA often snore loudly, their breathing starts and stops during the night, and they may wake up several times. Not only does this cause tiredness, but it can also increase the risk of high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease and type 2 diabetes.   Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines work by blowing air through a face mask throughout the night to prevent the user’s airway from closing. CPAP is ...

Boys who smoke in their early teens risk passing on harmful epigenetic traits to future children

2023-08-31
EMBARGOED: NOT FOR RELEASE UNTIL 00.01 BST ON THURSDAY 31 AUGUST 2023. Boys who smoke in their early teens risk passing on harmful epigenetic traits to future children People whose fathers smoked in their early teens had epigenetic markers associated with asthma, obesity, and low lung function Biomarkers associated with paternal preconception smoking were different from those associated with maternal or personal smoking ‘We must act now to stop teenage vaping’ say scientists A new study suggests boys who smoke in their early teens risk damaging the genes of their future children, increasing their chances of developing ...

Emphasising the need for energy independence could change the views of climate deniers, study says

2023-08-30
Emphasising the need for energy independence and environmental stewardship could help to change people’s minds about the climate crisis, a new study says. Climate change deniers focus on what they can see and have experienced personally, so solutions need to be framed in a way which makes sense to local communities. But for this to work the political-media ecosystem also needs to shift to support climate action, and their corporate backers held accountable for the damage they have wrought, according to the research. The study, published in Ethnos Journal of Anthropology, was carried out by Dr Susannah Crockford from the University of Exeter. Dr Crockford ...

Study helps explain SARS-CoV-2 variants’ rapid spread

Study helps explain SARS-CoV-2 variants’ rapid spread
2023-08-30
The omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which have rapidly spread around the world over the past year, latch onto our cells more tightly, invade them more efficiently, and elude many of the antibodies induced by previous infections and vaccines. These are some of the key findings from a multinational team of researchers reporting today in the journal Nature.  The lead authors of the study were Amin Addetia, a graduate student, and Young-Jun Park, a research scientist, in the laboratory of David Veesler, professor of biochemistry at the University of Washington School of Medicine, and Luca Picolli, director ...

Experiencing the texture of skateboard sounds can mediate divisions new research says

2023-08-30
Experiencing the harsh sounds of skateboarding can help bridge the gulf between the joy and distaste of the noises created by the sport, a new study says. Skate sounds can also help individuals sense and feel the urban environment in new and novel ways. Skateboarders have a specialised knowledge of the texture of cities, and sharing this with the public could help to soothe conflict, according to the research. Paying attention to sound can give both sides “sonic” agency over spaces in the city. Skate sounds, are a common basis of complaint from the general public. Yet these sounds can act as a source of inspiration and joy for ...

Kindergarten conduct problems could cost society later, researchers find

2023-08-30
UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — A new economic analysis has linked, for the first time, conduct problems among kindergarten students with significant costs to society in terms of crime and associated medical expenses and lost productivity when they are adults. “Providing effective, evidence-based programming designed to address behavioral problems early on has the potential to improve students’ wellbeing in the long term,” said project collaborator Damon Jones, associate research professor in the Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center (PRC). “This study implies that there could be an additional benefit ...

New study shows promising evidence for sickle cell gene therapy

2023-08-30
New research published in the New England Journal of Medicine indicates that stem cell gene therapy may offer a promising, curative treatment for the painful, inherited blood disorder sickle cell disease (SCD). The findings from a new clinical trial, published August 31, add to the body of evidence supporting gene therapy as a treatment for sickle cell disease, which primarily impacts people of color. About 100,000 Americans have sickle cell disease, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The condition, which can cause a lifetime of pain, health complications and expenses, affects one in 365 Black babies born in the U.S. and one ...

UC Santa Barbara quantum scientists to conduct NSF-funded research to pursue quantum-scale sensor technologies

UC Santa Barbara quantum scientists to conduct NSF-funded research to pursue quantum-scale sensor technologies
2023-08-30
At the atomic and subatomic scales exist behaviors that have vast potential to enhance how we see and interact with the world, by improving current technologies and potentially giving rise to new ones. The main advantage to be gained from the realm of quantum sensing is its extreme sensitivity and accuracy, able to capture the faintest of signals and measure at the smallest of scales. Now, several UC Santa Barbara researchers are poised to deploy their expertise in quantum science as part of the U.S. National Science Foundation’s (NSF) program ...

Illinois professor examines the overlooked role of food in civil rights struggle

Illinois professor examines the overlooked role of food in civil rights struggle
2023-08-30
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Food was used as both a weapon and a tool of resistance in the Mississippi Delta during the Civil Rights Movement. Bobby J. Smith II, an African American studies professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, looked at how the Civil Rights Movement expanded to include struggles around food in his book “Food Power Politics: The Food Story of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement.” The book is the inaugural title in the Black Food Justice series by the University of North Carolina Press. Smith wrote about how white ...

How nutrition guidance can optimize fertility treatments for female cancer survivors

2023-08-30
A cancer diagnosis can increase the risk of infertility in young women. While consuming a healthy diet – including whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fatty acids – has been found to improve both fertility and cancer survivorship, over 90% of young adult cancer survivors don’t meet the dietary recommendations and have diets consisting of high fat and low fruit and vegetable intake. Researchers from Drexel University’s College of Nursing and Health Professions explored the barriers and ways to promote healthy diet practices among female cancer survivors with fertility challenges. Recently ...

Algae provide clues about 600 million years of plant evolution

Algae provide clues about 600 million years of plant evolution
2023-08-30
The Earth's surface is covered by plants. They make up the majority of biomass on land and exhibit a wide range of diversity, from mosses to trees. This astounding biodiversity came into existence due to a fateful evolutionary event that happened just once: plant terrestrialization. This describes the point where one group of algae, whose modern descendants can still be studied in the lab, evolved into plants and invaded land around the world. An international group of researchers, spearheaded by a team from the University of Göttingen, generated large ...

Editorial: Epigenetic aging in oocytes

Editorial: Epigenetic aging in oocytes
2023-08-30
“In summary, our group demonstrates basic principles in the early aging of mammalian oocytes.” BUFFALO, NY- August 30, 2023 – A new editorial paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 15, Issue 15, entitled, “Epigenetic aging in oocytes.” Aging-related phenotypes span many different tissues and cell types, and start to occur at different ages - a different typical age for every cell type. In their new editorial, researchers Peera Wasserzug-Pash and Michael ...

Can taking statins after a bleeding stroke lower risk of another stroke?

2023-08-30
MINNEAPOLIS – People who have had a stroke called an intracerebral hemorrhage who take cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins may have a lower risk of having another stroke, especially ischemic stroke, compared to people who also had an intracerebral hemorrhage but were not taking statins, according to a new study published in the August 30, 2023, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Intracerebral hemorrhage is caused by bleeding in the brain. Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain and is the most common type of stroke. “Previous research has had mixed results on the risk of ...

Stanford-led study reveals way to help prevent childhood stunting

Stanford-led study reveals way to help prevent childhood stunting
2023-08-30
A relatively small intervention could have a huge impact on a damaging condition that stalks children in the developing world. A new Stanford-led study shows that adding zinc to farmland soil can help prevent childhood stunting, a condition due to chronic undernutrition that is associated with poor brain development and long-lasting harmful consequences, such as reduced school performance and increased disease risks. The paper, published Aug. 21 in Scientific Reports is the first large-scale study to examine the association between children’s nutritional status or health outcomes and soil mineral availability in India, ...

Validation of a comprehensive genomic profiling assay: NeXT Dx™

Validation of a comprehensive genomic profiling assay: NeXT Dx™
2023-08-30
“NeXT Dx incorporates a range of features and comprehensive genome variant detection methods that lead to improved disease management and possible enhanced clinical utility.”  BUFFALO, NY- August 30, 2023 – A new research paper was published in Oncotarget's Volume 14 on August 30, 2023, entitled, “Analytic validation of NeXT Dx™, a comprehensive genomic profiling assay.” In this new research paper, researchers Juan-Sebastian Saldivar, Jason Harris, Erin Ayash, Manqing Hong, Prateek Tandon, Saloni Sinha, Patricia Miranda Hebron, Erin E. Houghton, ...

UC Davis names Blake Meyers as new Genome Center director

UC Davis names Blake Meyers as new Genome Center director
2023-08-30
Blake Meyers, a principal investigator at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center and a professor of plant sciences from the University of Missouri - Columbia, has been named the new director and Novozymes Chair in Genomics at the UC Davis Genome Center. Meyers, who studies plant RNA biology, bioinformatics and functional genomics, will step into the role on March 1. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, Meyers succeeds the center’s founding director Richard Michelmore, a distinguished professor in the departments of Plant Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology. Roots ...

NASA to demonstrate laser communications from space station

NASA to demonstrate laser communications from space station
2023-08-30
NASA uses the International Space Station — a football field-sized spacecraft orbiting Earth — to learn more about living and working in space. For over 20 years, the space station has provided a unique platform for investigation and research in areas like biology, technology, agriculture, and more. It serves as a home for astronauts conducting experiments, including advancing NASA’s space communications capabilities.  In 2023, NASA is sending a technology demonstration known as the Integrated LCRD Low Earth Orbit User ...

Educational attainment protects against a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease

2023-08-30
A new study by researchers from Mass General Brigham further illustrates that when it comes to risk of Alzheimer’s disease, even genetically determined forms of the disease, genetics is only one piece of the puzzle. Researchers investigated the influence of genetics and educational attainment on cognitive decline by studying data from 675 people who carry a mutation that predisposes them to early onset Alzheimer’s disease. Carriers of this mutation—known as PSEN1 E280A—have a median age of 49 for onset of dementia. The team found that among ...

Virtual institute at the University of Kansas to combat cyber threats

2023-08-30
LAWRENCE, KANSAS — A new virtual institute established at the University of Kansas School of Engineering will train the next generation of military and civilian leaders to better combat the growing threat of cyberattacks and protect the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). KU received a two-year, $1.5 million grant from the Department of Defense to establish the program, known as the Virtual Institutes for Cyber and Electromagnetic Spectrum Research and Employ, or VICEROY, Virtual Institute. The grant is overseen by the Griffiss Institute, which is a nonprofit talent ...

How to write in water?

How to write in water?
2023-08-30
Writing is an age-old cultural technique. Thousands of years ago, humans were already carving signs and symbols into stone slabs. Scripts have become far more sophisticated since then but one aspect remains the same: Whether the writer is using cuneiform or a modern alphabet, a solid substrate, such as clay or paper, is required to fix the written structures in place. However, researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), TU Darmstadt, and Wuhan University asked themselves how to write in a bulk fluid like water without fixing substrates. The concept would not be unlike the way aircraft leave three-dimensional vapor trails behind them when they ...

Stanford Medicine-led study finds genetic factor fends off Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s

2023-08-30
About one in every five people carries a version of a gene that, although largely unsung, appears to confer protection against both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, Stanford Medicine investigators and their colleagues have learned. These lucky people may someday benefit all the more from a vaccine that could slow or stall the progression of these two most common neurodegenerative conditions. An analysis of medical and genetic data from hundreds of thousands of people of diverse ancestries from several continents has revealed ...
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