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Technology

World-first “Cybercrime Index” ranks countries by cybercrime threat level

Following three years of intensive research, an international team of researchers have compiled the first ever ‘World Cybercrime Index’, which identifies the globe’s key cybercrime hotspots by ranking the most significant sources of cybercrime at a national level. The Index, published today in the journal PLOS ONE, shows that a relatively small number of countries house the greatest cybercriminal threat. Russia tops the list, followed by Ukraine, China, the USA, Nigeria, and Romania. The UK comes in at number eight. Co-author of the study, Dr Miranda Bruce from the ...

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Quantum breakthrough when light makes materials magnetic
Technology

Quantum breakthrough when light makes materials magnetic

The potential of quantum technology is huge but is today largely limited to the extremely cold environments of laboratories. Now, researchers at Stockholm University, at the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics and at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice have succeeded in demonstrating for the very first time how laser light can induce quantum behavior at room temperature – and make non-magnetic materials magnetic. The breakthrough is expected to pave the way for faster and more energy-efficient computers, information transfer and data storage. Within a few decades, the advancement of quantum technology ...

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Quantum crystal of frozen electrons—the Wigner crystal—is visualized for the first time
Technology

Quantum crystal of frozen electrons—the Wigner crystal—is visualized for the first time

Electrons—these infinitesimally small particles that are known to zip around atoms—continue to amaze scientists despite the more than a century that scientists have studied them. Now, physicists at Princeton University have pushed the boundaries of our understanding of these minute particles by visualizing, for the first time, direct evidence for what is known as the Wigner crystal—a strange kind of matter that is made entirely of electrons. The finding, published in the April 11th issue of the journal Nature, confirms a 90-year-old ...

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AI makes retinal imaging 100 times faster, compared to manual method
Technology

AI makes retinal imaging 100 times faster, compared to manual method

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health applied artificial intelligence (AI) to a technique that produces high-resolution images of cells in the eye. They report that with AI, imaging is 100 times faster and improves image contrast 3.5-fold. The advance, they say, will provide researchers with a better tool to evaluate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other retinal diseases. “Artificial intelligence helps overcome a key limitation of imaging cells in the retina, which is time,” said Johnny Tam, Ph.D., who leads the Clinical and Translational Imaging Section at NIH's National Eye Institute. Tam ...

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Breakthrough for next-generation digital displays
Technology

Breakthrough for next-generation digital displays

Researchers at Linköping University, Sweden, have developed a digital display screen where the LEDs themselves react to touch, light, fingerprints and the user’s pulse, among other things. Their results, published in Nature Electronics, could be the start of a whole new generation of displays for phones, computers and tablets. “We’ve now shown that our design principle works. Our results show that there is great potential for a new generation of digital displays where new advanced ...

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Novel UV broadband spectrometer revolutionizes air pollutant analysis
Technology

Novel UV broadband spectrometer revolutionizes air pollutant analysis

Sunlight has a major influence on chemical processes. Its high-energy UV radiation in particular is strongly absorbed by all materials and triggers photochemical reactions of the substances present in the air. A well-known example is the formation of ground-level ozone when UV light hits nitrogen oxides. A research team led by Birgitta Schultze-Bernhardt from the Institute of Experimental Physics at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) is now utilising this high reaction potential for a new method of environmental monitoring. ...

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Technology

Can probiotics plus vitamin D supplements benefit people with schizophrenia?

Previous studies have questioned whether gut microbe imbalances and vitamin D deficiency may be linked to schizophrenia. New research published in Neuropsychopharmacology Reports now indicates that taking probiotics plus vitamin D supplements may improve cognitive function in individuals with the disease. For the study, 70 adults with schizophrenia were randomized to take a placebo or probiotic supplements plus 400 IU vitamin D daily for 12 weeks. Severity of the disease and cognitive function were evaluated by tests called the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the 30-point Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), respectively. A total of 69 patients completed the study. The MoCA ...

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Can the bias in algorithms help us see our own?
Technology

Can the bias in algorithms help us see our own?

Algorithms were supposed to make our lives easier and fairer: help us find the best job applicants, help judges impartially assess the risks of bail and bond decisions, and ensure that healthcare is delivered to the patients with the greatest need. By now, though, we know that algorithms can be just as biased as the human decision-makers they inform and replace. What if that weren’t a bad thing? New research by Carey Morewedge, a Boston University Questrom School of Business professor of marketing and Everett W. Lord Distinguished Faculty Scholar, found that people recognize more of their biases in algorithms’ decisions ...

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Technology

System uses artificial intelligence to detect wild animals on roads and avoid accidents

Just as in Brazil drivers can be warned of traffic congestion ahead or a vehicle parked on the hard shoulder, notifications may soon pop up on their smartphone or on their car’s computer screen to warn them in real time that an anteater, wolf or tapir is crossing the highway. No human will necessarily need to see the animal in question or press a control button to send the warning. For this to be possible, a key step is construction of a computer vision model that automatically detects Brazilian wild animals. Researchers ...

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SwRI demonstrating robotics for in-space manufacturing at Space Symposium
Technology

SwRI demonstrating robotics for in-space manufacturing at Space Symposium

SAN ANTONIO — April 9, 2024 — Southwest Research Institute has invested in new space robotics capabilities to help the space industry pave the way for in-space servicing, assembly and manufacturing (ISAM) capabilities. SwRI’s Intelligent Systems Division will demonstrate new ISAM-focused research at the 38th Space Symposium, April 8-11, in Colorado Springs. Visit SwRI at Booth #237. “SwRI is developing solutions to leverage Earth-based industrial robotics with advanced automation and simulation so we can help clients develop new capabilities for the complex conditions ...

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Technology

Measuring improvement in the design of pulses for quantum systems

Seeking a method for reducing error in noisy quantum systems, Kajsa Williams and Louis-S. Bouchard, researchers at the Center for Quantum Science and Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles, implemented and evaluated single-qubit gates performance using specially designed composite and adiabatic pulses. While they found no particular advantages in terms of leakage and seepage of the gates compared to standard gates, robustness to control field error was greatly improved. Their research ...

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New consensus statement aims to improve endometriosis evaluation
Technology

New consensus statement aims to improve endometriosis evaluation

OAK BROOK, Ill. – A new Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) expert consensus statement to improve endometriosis evaluation was published today in the journal Radiology. Endometriosis is a common condition with substantial diagnostic delay, leading patients to experience pain, infertility, lost wages and interrupted relationships. The consensus provides recommendations for augmenting routine pelvic ultrasounds through additional maneuvers and imaging to improve diagnosis of deep endometriosis. Endometriosis, the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus, is a prevalent and potentially debilitating ...

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Technology

Better battery manufacturing: Robotic lab vets new reaction design strategy

Images // Video New chemistries for batteries, semiconductors and more could be easier to manufacture, thanks to a new approach to making chemically complex materials that researchers at the University of Michigan and Samsung's Advanced Materials Lab have demonstrated. Their new recipes use unconventional ingredients to make battery materials with fewer impurities, requiring fewer costly refinement steps and increasing their economic viability. "Over the past two decades, many battery materials with enhanced capacity, charging speed and stability ...

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RVAM16: A low-cost multiple-ISA processor based on RISC-V and ARM thumb
Technology

RVAM16: A low-cost multiple-ISA processor based on RISC-V and ARM thumb

The increasing demand in the embedded field has led to the emergence of several impressive Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs). However, when processors migrate from one ISA to another, software compatibility issues are unavoidable. Despite the availability of software binary translation systems for ensuring software compatibility, these systems have limitations (e.g. performance and power) in low-cost embedded systems. To solve the problems, a research team led by Professor Libo HUANG published their new research on 18 Mar 2024 in ...

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Illinois study identifies atmospheric and economic drivers of global air pollution
Technology

Illinois study identifies atmospheric and economic drivers of global air pollution

URBANA, Ill. – Carbon monoxide emissions from industrial production have serious consequences for human health and are a strong indicator of overall air pollution levels. Many countries aim to reduce their emissions, but they cannot control air flows originating in other regions. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign looks at global flows of air pollution and how they relate to economic activity in the global supply chain. “Our study is unique in combining atmospheric transport of air pollution with supply chain analysis as it tells us where the pollution is coming ...

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Advancing real-time 3D holographic display: A breakthrough in computer-generated holography
Technology

Advancing real-time 3D holographic display: A breakthrough in computer-generated holography

Holographic displays offer a promising avenue for achieving lifelike 3D reproductions with continuous depth sensation, holding potential applications in fields such as entertainment, medical imaging, and virtual reality. However, the conventional methods for generating computer-generated holograms (CGHs) rely on repetitive computations, leading to increased computational complexity and impracticality for real-time applications. To tackle this issue, researchers from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (China) have introduced a novel method for CGH generation that significantly reduces computational overhead while ...

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MIT engineers design soft and flexible “skeletons” for muscle-powered robots
Technology

MIT engineers design soft and flexible “skeletons” for muscle-powered robots

Our muscles are nature’s perfect actuators — devices that turn energy into motion. For their size, muscle fibers are more powerful and precise than most synthetic actuators. They can even heal from damage and grow stronger with exercise. For these reasons, engineers are exploring ways to power robots with natural muscles. They’ve demonstrated a handful of “biohybrid” robots that use muscle-based actuators to power artificial skeletons that walk, swim, pump, and grip. But for every bot, there’s a very different build, and no general blueprint for how to get the most out of muscles ...

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How scientists are accelerating chemistry discoveries with automation
Technology

How scientists are accelerating chemistry discoveries with automation

A new automated workflow developed by scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has the potential to allow researchers to analyze the products of their reaction experiments in real time, a key capability needed for future automated chemical processes. The developed workflow – which applies statistical analysis to process data from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy – could help speed the discovery of new pharmaceutical drugs, and accelerate the development of new chemical reactions. The Berkeley Lab scientists who developed the groundbreaking technique ...

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Technology

$2.3 trillion wasted globally in failed digital transformation programs – costly and complex business strategies are ‘not necessary’

Strategies implemented by firms are too ambitious and wide-ranging, according to a specialist, with their poor design and structure preventing digital transformation success. Firms seeking to harness new digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, must approach this organizational change in an entirely new way to avoid contributing to the $2.3 trillion wasted on unsuccessful projects globally so far. This is the message of digital transformation expert Brian Harkin, author of Evolving from Digital Transformation to Digital Acceleration Using The Galapagos Framework, which helps business leaders understand how their approach to digital change ...

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Technology

A multimodal video-based AI biomarker for aortic stenosis development and progression

About The Study: In this cohort study of patients without severe aortic stenosis undergoing echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, a new artificial intelligence (AI)-based video biomarker was independently associated with aortic stenosis development and progression, enabling opportunistic risk stratification across cardiovascular imaging modalities as well as potential application on handheld devices. Authors: Rohan Khera, M.D., M.S., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0595) Editor’s ...

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Technology

Innovative sensing platform unlocks ultrahigh sensitivity in conventional sensors

By Shawn Ballard Optical sensors serve as the backbone of numerous scientific and technological endeavors, from detecting gravitational waves to imaging biological tissues for medical diagnostics. These sensors use light to detect changes in properties of the environment they’re monitoring, including chemical biomarkers and physical properties like temperature. A persistent challenge in optical sensing has been enhancing sensitivity to detect faint signals amid noise. New research from Lan Yang, the Edwin H. & Florence G. Skinner Professor in the Preston M. Green Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering in the McKelvey School ...

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NRL charters Navy’s quantum inertial navigation path to reduce drift
Technology

NRL charters Navy’s quantum inertial navigation path to reduce drift

WASHINGTON – U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) researchers have developed a patent-pending Continuous 3D-Cooled Atom Beam Interferometer derived from a patented cold and continuous beam of atoms to explore atom-interferometry-based inertial measurement systems as a path to reduce drift in Naval navigation systems. Inertial navigation is a self-contained navigation technique in which measurements provided by accelerometers and gyroscopes are used to track the position and orientation of an object relative to a known starting point, orientation and velocity. Quantum inertial navigation is a new field of research and ...

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Chemical reactions can scramble quantum information as well as black holes
Technology

Chemical reactions can scramble quantum information as well as black holes

HOUSTON – (April 5, 2024) – If you were to throw a message in a bottle into a black hole, all of the information in it, down to the quantum level, would become completely scrambled. Because in black holes this scrambling happens as quickly and thoroughly as quantum mechanics allows. They are generally considered nature’s ultimate information scramblers. New research from Rice University theorist Peter Wolynes and collaborators at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, however, has shown that molecules can be as formidable at scrambling quantum information ...

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With VECSELs towards the quantum internet
Technology

With VECSELs towards the quantum internet

The expansion of fiber optics is progressing worldwide, which not only increases the bandwidth of conventional Internet connections, but also brings closer the realization of a global quantum Internet. The quantum internet can help to fully exploit the potential of certain technologies. These include much more powerful quantum computing through the linking of quantum processors and registers, more secure communication through quantum key distribution or more precise time measurements through the synchronization of atomic clocks. However, the differences between the glass fiber standard of 1550 nm and the system wavelengths of the various quantum bits ...

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Technology

UM Researcher writes about a key issue for the US 2024 elections: Air pollution exposures ought to be of significant interest for US voters

MISSOULA – An opinion paper published by University of Montana professor Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas MD, PhD identifies air pollution risk exposures and the development of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in exposed populations. Calderón-Garcidueñas coauthors, Dr. Alberto Ayala and Dr. Partha Mukherjee discussed US citizens are not fully aware of the harmful brain impact of exposures to ubiquitous anthropogenic combustion emissions and friction-derived nanoparticles, industrial nanoplastics, wildfires and ...

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