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Photonic computation with sound waves
Technology

Photonic computation with sound waves

Optical neural networks may provide the high-speed and large-capacity solution necessary to tackle challenging computing tasks. However, tapping their full potential will require further advances. One challenge is the reconfigurability of optical neural networks. A research team in the Stiller Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, in collaboration with the Englund Research Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has now succeeded in laying the foundation for new reconfigurable neuromorphic building blocks by adding a new dimension to photonic machine learning: sound waves. The researchers use light to create ...

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Technology

Australian media need generative AI policies to help navigate misinformation and disinformation

New research into generative AI images shows only over a third of media organisations surveyed at the time of research have an image-specific AI policy in place. The study, led by RMIT University in collaboration with Washington State University and the QUT Digital Media Research Centre, interviewed 20 photo editors or related roles from 16 leading public and commercial media organisations across Europe, Australia and the US about their perceptions of generative AI technologies in visual journalism. Lead researcher and RMIT Senior Lecturer, Dr TJ Thomson, said while most staff interviewed ...

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SMU prof to use NSF grant to develop game-based semiconductor curriculum for high school students
Technology

SMU prof to use NSF grant to develop game-based semiconductor curriculum for high school students

DALLAS (SMU) – The challenge is to connect the dots for high school students between the technology in their cell phones and the career options manufacturing the devices. To that end, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has awarded an Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) grant to SMU professor Lin Lipsmeyer and colleagues toward developing one of the first game-based semiconductor curricula for high school students. The online game-based semiconductor curriculum will be made available to a wide range of students through a collaboration with Dallas-based gaming company Stimuli. Additional ...

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Advance in light-based computing shows capabilities for future smart cameras
Technology

Advance in light-based computing shows capabilities for future smart cameras

Researchers developing the next generation of computing technology aim to bring some light to the field — literally. Optical computing, which relies on particles of light called photons, is expected to provide alternatives to traditional electronic approaches. Such systems — or light-based components of hybrid systems that also retain electronic parts — could be faster, consume less energy and compute visual information more efficiently through simultaneous, parallel processing. To date, ...

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Technology

Three advances in pavement technology — for safer, more sustainable roadways

While April showers bring May flowers, these months also kick off road construction season — when cracks and potholes that developed over the winter get fixed. But recent advances could make future roadways safer and repairs more sustainable, thanks to smart pothole monitoring, snail shells and graphene. The new approaches can be found in three papers recently published in ACS journals. Reporters can request free access to these papers by emailing newsroom@acs.org. A smart pothole monitoring system for cars. By harnessing the vibrations that shake a vehicle as it drives over uneven pavement, researchers have created a system that ...

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Technology

Machine learning could help reveal undiscovered particles within data from the Large Hadron Collider

Scientists used a neural network, a type of brain-inspired machine learning algorithm, to sift through large volumes of particle collision data. Particle physicists are tasked with mining this massive and growing store of collision data for evidence of undiscovered particles. In particular, they’re searching for particles not included in the Standard Model of particle physics, our current understanding of the universe’s makeup that scientists suspect is incomplete. As part of the ATLAS collaboration, scientists ...

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Unlocking the secrets of forest heights: the role of GEDI LiDAR technology
Technology

Unlocking the secrets of forest heights: the role of GEDI LiDAR technology

A team of researchers has unveiled a novel approach to accurately characterizing tree height composition in forests using the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology. This study marks a significant advancement in our understanding of forest ecosystems, shedding light on the intricacies of tree height variability and its implications for ecological studies and climate change mitigation efforts. Tree height composition, a vital ecological attribute, plays a significant role in influencing forest ecosystems, impacting biodiversity, carbon ...

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Quantum precision: A new kind of resistor
Technology

Quantum precision: A new kind of resistor

The precise measurement of electrical resistance is essential in industrial production or electronics – for example, in the manufacture of high-tech sensors, microchips and flight controls. “Very precise measurements are essential here, as even the smallest deviations can significantly affect these complex systems“, explains Professor Charles Gould, a physicist at the Institute for Topological Insulators at the University of Würzburg (JMU). “With our new measurement method, we can significantly improve the accuracy of resistance measurements, without any external magnetic field, using the Quantum Anomalous ...

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Security vulnerability in browser interface allows computer access via graphics card
Technology

Security vulnerability in browser interface allows computer access via graphics card

Modern websites place ever greater demands on the computing power of computers. For this reason, web browsers have also had access to the computing capacities of the graphics card (Graphics Processing Unit or GPU) in addition to the CPU of a computer for a number of years. The scripting language JavaScript can utilise the resources of the GPU via programming interfaces such as WebGL and the new WebGPU standard. However, this harbours risks. Using a website with malicious JavaScript, researchers from the Institute of Applied Information Processing and Communications at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) were able to spy on information about data, keystrokes and encryption ...

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University of Houston and Scotland’s Heriot-Watt University forge strategic energy alliance
Technology

University of Houston and Scotland’s Heriot-Watt University forge strategic energy alliance

HOUSTON, April 10, 2024 - The University of Houston (UH) and Scotland’s Heriot-Watt University (HWU) signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) today, marking the beginning of their partnership to foster global collaboration in education, research and innovation in the energy sector and beyond. At the heart of the MoU lies a commitment to advance research that helps society deliver a just energy transition, with a particular emphasis on hydrogen – a critical element in the transition to sustainable energy ...

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Soft Robotics appoints new Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Barbara Mazzolai, PhD
Technology

Soft Robotics appoints new Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Barbara Mazzolai, PhD

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., is pleased that Barbara Mazzolai, PhD, has been appointed the new Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the bimonthly journal Soft Robotics. Dr. Mazzolai joins Barry Trimmer, PhD, as part of the executive editorial team for the journal. Soft Robotics is the leading robotics journal devoted to the emerging technologies and developments of soft and deformable robots. The journal’s coverage includes flexible electronics, materials science, computer science, and biomechanics. The journal breaks new ground as the first to answer the urgent need for research on robotic technology that can safely ...

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A novel machine learning model for the characterization of material surfaces
Technology

A novel machine learning model for the characterization of material surfaces

The design and development of novel materials with superior properties demands a comprehensive analysis of their atomic and electronic structures. Electron energy parameters such as ionization potential (IP), the energy needed to remove an electron from the valence band maximum, and electron affinity (EA), the amount of energy released upon the attachment of an electron to the conduction band minimum, reveal important information about the electronic band structure of surfaces of semiconductors, insulators, and dielectrics. The accurate ...

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Dynamic-EC: An efficient dynamic erasure coding method for permissioned blockchain systems
Technology

Dynamic-EC: An efficient dynamic erasure coding method for permissioned blockchain systems

It's interesting to hear about the research led by Minyi Guo that was published in Frontiers of Computer Science on 12 Mar 2024. It seems like they are addressing the challenge of reducing storage overhead in blockchain systems while maintaining data consistency and tolerating malicious nodes. In traditional blockchain networks, full replication is used, where each node stores a complete copy of all blocks, and data consistency is maintained through a consensus protocol. However, this approach can be storage-intensive, especially as the blockchain grows over time. To address ...

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University of Oklahoma engineer receives $3.1M grant for clean hydrogen technologies
Technology

University of Oklahoma engineer receives $3.1M grant for clean hydrogen technologies

NORMAN, OKLA. – Hanping Ding, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Oklahoma, has been awarded a $3.1 million grant from the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office in the Department of Energy through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to further research in clean hydrogen production. The funding is part of a $750 million effort in President Biden’s Investing in American agenda. The money from the Department of Energy will go to 52 projects across 24 states to position the United States as a global leader in the clean hydrogen industry. The combined outcomes of the 52 projects should allow the ...

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New computer vision tool wins prize for social impact
Technology

New computer vision tool wins prize for social impact

AMHERST, Mass. – A team of computer scientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst working on two different problems—how to quickly detect damaged buildings in crisis zones and how to accurately estimate the size of bird flocks—recently announced an AI framework that can do both. The framework, called DISCount, blends the speed and massive data-crunching power of artificial intelligence with the reliability of human analysis to quickly deliver reliable estimates that can quickly pinpoint and count specific features from very large collections ...

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Scientists use wearable technology to detect stress levels during sleep
Technology

Scientists use wearable technology to detect stress levels during sleep

What if changes in a person’s stress levels could be detected while they sleep using wearable devices? A new study by University of Vermont researchers published today in PLOS Digital Health is the first to find changes in perceived stress levels reflected in sleep data—an important step towards identifying biomarkers that may help flag individuals in need of support. Given how critical sleep is to physical and mental health, the research team suspected signals might exist in sleep data, says Laura Bloomfield, a research assistant professor of mathematics and statistics and lead author of the study. “Changes in stress are visible.” When parsing baseline sleep ...

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Developing best practices for human-AI collaboration in engineering design
Technology

Developing best practices for human-AI collaboration in engineering design

As artificial intelligence is inevitably woven into the workplace, teams of humans will increasingly collaborate with robots on complex design problems, such as those in the auto, aviation, and space industries. “Right now, design is mainly done by humans, and it’s based on their expertise and intuitive decision-making, which is learned over time,” says A. Emrah Bayrak, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering and mechanics in Lehigh University’s P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science. “Usually, ...

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ERC wants to see what shapes the stories AI tells us
Technology

ERC wants to see what shapes the stories AI tells us

Professor Jill Walker Rettberg, Co-Director of the Centre for Digital Narrative at the University of Bergen, is awarded an ERC Advanced Grant for the project AI STORIES. The grant consists of 2.5 million Euro over 5 years. This is Rettberg's second ERC Grant. “The AI STORIES project builds on the premise that storytelling is central to human culture, with narratives shaping our understanding of the world. We will study artificial intelligence and how it creates new narratives,” says Rettberg. Generative AI has been dubbed ...

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Technology

AI model has potential to detect risk of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder

Media Availability WHAT: Researchers have adapted an artificial intelligence (AI) program to identify signs of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) by evaluating short narrative statements of patients who have given birth. The program successfully identified a large proportion of participants likely to have the disorder, and with further refinements—such as details from medical records and birth experience data from diverse populations—the model could potentially identify ...

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Technology

Mass General study identifies an AI model that can accurately assess PTSD in postpartum women

Key Takeaways: An artificial intelligence model combined with a trained machine learning algorithm was found by Mass General researchers and collaborators to accurately identify childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD). The findings could set the stage for a highly effective, low-cost, and readily accessible way to screen for the disorder, which affects up to 8M women worldwide. Interventions could then be offered to the mother to reduce the trauma associated with the birthing process. BOSTON – A generative artificial intelligence (AI) model that can ...

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Breakthrough promises secure quantum computing at home
Technology

Breakthrough promises secure quantum computing at home

The full power of next-generation quantum computing could soon be harnessed by millions of individuals and companies, thanks to a breakthrough by scientists at Oxford University Physics guaranteeing security and privacy. This advance promises to unlock the transformative potential of cloud-based quantum computing and is detailed in a new study published in the influential U.S. scientific journal Physical Review Letters. Quantum computing is developing rapidly, paving the way for new applications which could transform services in many ...

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Automation and orchestration of zero trust architecture: Potential solutions and challenges
Technology

Automation and orchestration of zero trust architecture: Potential solutions and challenges

To date, most network security architectures have used perimeter-based defense to isolate internal networks from external networks. Firewalls, virtual private networks (VPN), and demilitarized zone (DMZ) networks prevent external attacks by creating a network security perimeter. This can effectively prevent external attacks, but it is difficult to prevent internal attacks because once an intruder breaches the security perimeter, further illegal actions will not be hindered. In addition, with the rapid development of digital technologies such as 5G, the ...

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U.S. Department of Energy’s INCITE program seeks proposals for 2025 to advance science and engineering at U.S. leadership computing facilities
Technology

U.S. Department of Energy’s INCITE program seeks proposals for 2025 to advance science and engineering at U.S. leadership computing facilities

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program is now accepting proposals for high-impact, computationally intensive research projects in a broad array of science, engineering and computer science domains. Proposals must be submitted between April 10 and June 14. The INCITE program aims to accelerate scientific discoveries and technological innovations by awarding researchers with substantial allocations of supercomputer time and supporting resources at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF) and the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF). The ALCF and OLCF are DOE Office ...

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Most cybercriminal threats are concentrated in just a few countries
Technology

Most cybercriminal threats are concentrated in just a few countries

A newly developed World Cybercrime Index shows that most cybercriminal threats are concentrated in several countries, with different countries associated with distinct cybercrime types. Miranda Bruce (University of Oxford/University of New South Wales), Jonathan Lusthaus (University of Oxford), Ridhi Kashyap (University of Oxford), Nigel Phair (Monash University), and Federico Varese (Sciences Po) present these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on April 10, 2024. Worldwide, cybercrimes are estimated to cost hundreds ...

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Technology

AI powered “digital twin” models the infant microbiome

The gut microbiome has a profound impact on the health and development of infants. Research shows that dysbiosis—or imbalances in the microbial community—is associated with gastrointestinal diseases and neurodevelopmental deficits. Understanding how gut bacteria interact, and how these interactions may lead to some of these problems, however, is difficult and time consuming through traditional laboratory experiments. Researchers at the University of Chicago have developed a new generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool that models the infant microbiome. This “digital ...

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