Complimentary press passes are now available for NUTRITON 2023, the annual flagship meeting of the American Society for Nutrition. Join us July 22-25 in Boston to hear about the latest developments in nutrition research, practice, and policy. After three years of virtual meetings, NUTRITION 2023 will bring the nutrition community back together to share cutting-edge research on nutrition and food science, diet and disease, clinical applications, global health, and more. As one of the world’s largest nutrition ...

Scientists at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and the University of Toronto (U of T) have combined forces to develop a new approach to potentially treat tumour cells, called mechanical nanosurgery, even for aggressive, chemoresistant cancers. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. Despite various treatment options that exist, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the median survival time for patients is only around 15 months. The current global standard-of-care treatment for GBM patients includes chemotherapy using a drug called temozolomide (TMZ), which extends a person’s life expectancy by approximately two months compared ...

Ithaca, NY—Deteriorating habitat conditions caused by climate change are wreaking havoc with the timing of bird migration. A new study demonstrates that birds can partially compensate for these changes by delaying the start of spring migration and completing the journey faster. But the strategy comes with a cost—a decline in overall survival. The findings by researchers from Cornell University, the University of Maryland, and Georgetown University are published in the journal Ecology.   "We found that our study species, the American Redstart, can migrate up to 43% faster to reach its ...

The Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT, President Kim, Byung-suk) has been participating as Korea’s representative organization in the Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC) programme, an Technical Cooperation Programme under the International Energy Agency (IEA), since 2005. The International Energy Agency Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (IEA EBC) is an international research organization with 25 member countries including the United States, Japan, Germany, France, and, more recently, Brazil and Turkey. Established in 1977 in response to the global energy crisis, EBC aims to conduct research on conserving energy and ...

Viruses are usually associated with illness. But our bodies are full of both bacteria and viruses that constantly proliferate and interact with each other in our gastrointestinal tract. While we have known for decades that gut bacteria in young children are vital to protect them from chronic diseases later on in life, our knowledge about the many viruses found there is minimal. A few years back, this gave University of Copenhagen professor Dennis Sandris Nielsen the idea to delve more deeply into this ...

VANCOUVER, Wash. – Gossip influences if people receive advantages whether they work in an office in the U.S. or in India—or even in a remote village in Africa, a Washington State University study found. In a set of experiments, WSU anthropologists found that positive and negative gossip influenced whether participants were willing to give a person a resource, such as a raise or a family heirloom, especially when the gossip was specific to the circumstance. For instance, positive gossip concerning ...

Research Highlights: A wireless or leadless (without wires) pacemaker was implanted in a select group of children with irregular heart rhythms during a 5-year period (2016-2021). Smaller catheters that allow easier placement of the leadless pacemaker in children’s smaller bodies may expand wireless pacemakers as an option to consider for more children with irregular heart rhythms. DALLAS, April 11, 2023 — Wireless or leadless pacemakers, commonly implanted in adults, may be a safe and effective short-term ...

An innovative method developed by an Italian team is emerging that will revolutionize the field of archaeology and radiocarbon dating and protect our cultural heritage. The researchers have used it with surprising results on archaeological bones, making the ‘invisible’ visible. This important achievement-published in the journal Communications Chemistry of the Nature group-is the result of extensive research work coordinated by Professor Sahra Talamo, in which experts in the field of analytical chemistry from the University of Bologna and the University of Genoa collaborated. The group has developed a new technique for analyzing archaeological ...

Given the battles over COVID-19 rules and recommendations in the United States over the past three years, the findings of a new UCLA-led study may come as a bit of a shock: Globally, those who professed to hold traditional values tended to adhere more closely to coronavirus-prevention measures than those who considered themselves more liberal. “Across a wide range of countries, people who endorsed traditional cultural values — a position that often underlies socially conservative political philosophies — ...

The yellow crazy ant, or Anoplolepis gracilipes, has the infamous distinction of being among the worst invasive species in the world. However, this is not the reason for which this particular ant is studied by a team of international researchers. What interests them is how the insects reproduce, because males of this ant have long perplexed scientists. "The results of previous genetic analyses of the yellow crazy ant have shown that the males of this species have two copies of each chromosome. This was highly unexpected, as males usually develop from unfertilized eggs in ants, bees, and wasps – and thus should only have one maternal copy of each chromosome," explained Dr. ...

Controversy surrounds the effects of policies to reduce opioid prescriptions on suicide rates. There are concerns that rapid reductions in prescription opioids might provoke increased suicide risk among people who become desparate after they are taken off opioids. According to a new study at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health and Columbia University Irving Medical Center, however, changes in regional opioid prescribing and regional suicide rates tend to move in the same direction.  This relationship held for rates of opioid prescribing, rates of high-dose prescribing and long-term prescribing, and having multiple opioid prescribers. Until ...

Testing the material used to build models of arteries reveals their suitability for use in medical education and surgical planning. Hokkaido University researchers have analyzed the suitability of a smooth, flexible and transparent material used to make model arteries for use in medical teaching and to plan for surgery on individual patients. Their work is described in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. Ever-improving 3D printing technology can create models of blood vessels that are significantly more realistic than those made with more conventional methods, and also much more suitable for surgical ...

Scientists at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital developed a novel combination therapy approach for a leukemia subtype harboring rearrangements in the KMT2A gene. The approach overcomes the cancer’s drug resistance, without adding toxicity. The study was published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors have been shown to provide therapeutic benefits against many different cancers. However, the mechanisms governing response and resistance to this class of therapies are poorly understood. Scientists at St. Jude conducted CRISPR ...

Alexandria, VA – The American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research (AADOCR) has announced Maryam Baldawi as the 2023 AADOCR Gert Quigley Government Affairs Fellow.  The Gert Quigley Fellowship is designed to familiarize graduate-level students with the federal legislative process in the context of dental, oral, and craniofacial research and the oral health care delivery system. As part of the Fellowship, Baldawi will complete a short work stay at AADOCR headquarters in Alexandria, VA. She will serve a one-year term as a voting member of AADOCR’s Government Affairs Committee and as the government affairs liaison to the AADOCR National Student ...

1. Parathyroidectomy shows no effect on kidney function in older adults with hyperparathyroidism Subanalysis suggests the procedure may preserve kidney function in younger patients if done early Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M22-2222 URL goes live when the embargo lifts An emulated randomized trial performed using observational data from more than 43,000 adults with primary hyperparathyroidism found that parathyroidectomy had no estimated effect on long-term kidney function in older adults when compared to observation. However, ...

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a daily regimen of two medications in a single pill, could prevent many new HIV infections, especially in at-risk populations. For example, research shows PrEP could prevent around 70 percent of new HIV infections in adolescent cisgender sexual minority males (ASMM) and transgender and gender diverse adolescents (TGDA), populations that are disproportionately affected by the disease. However, despite growing awareness of PrEP among ASMM/TGDA, uptake of the treatment is still less than 5 percent. A new study published in the journal Sexuality Research and Social Policy looks ...

Dr. H. Rusty Harris, associate professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Texas A&M University, has identified a new circuit element known as a meminductor. A circuit element is an electrical component used to help direct and control the flow of electricity through an electrical circuit. The classical three are known as the resistor, capacitor and inductor. Two additional circuit elements, the memristor and the memcapacitor, were only discovered in the past 15 years. These newer circuit elements are known as the mem- versions of their classical counterparts, and their current and voltage properties are dependent ...

WASHINGTON—The Endocrine Society is deeply concerned about a Texas ruling that reverses the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approval of mifepristone, a drug used to treat Cushing’s syndrome and to end pregnancy safely and effectively. Last week, two conflicting federal court decisions in Texas and Washington state left access to mifepristone unclear for both the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome and for medical abortions. The Texas court ruled to ban mifepristone, taking away the FDA's authority to regulate the safety of medications. The judge paused ...

PITTSBURGH, April 10, 2023 – Adding mint flavor to e-cigarette liquids produces more vapor particles and is associated with worse lung function in those who smoke, report researchers from the University of Pittsburgh in Respiratory Research today. Using a specially designed robotic system that mimics the mechanics of human breathing and vaping behavior, researchers showed that commercially available e-cigarette liquids containing menthol generate a greater number of toxic microparticles compared to menthol-free juice. An accompanying analysis of patient records from a cohort of e-cigarette smokers revealed that menthol vapers took shallower breaths and ...

With the spread of Internet shopping nowadays, purchasing products online has become possible and common. However, in many cases, because users are presented with few photographs of products and cannot actually hold the products, they may be unable to perceive the material of the products. In this study, we proposed view interpolation networks for reproducing material appearances. We implemented U-Net, an existing image transformation network, and a network that used additional information in the middle layer of U-Net. The networks were trained to generate images from the intermediate ...

Rain streaks of different shapes, sizes, and directions obscure image background scenes, resulting in image degradation, including intensity fluctuation, color distortion, or even content alteration. Such degradation impairs the visual quality of an image and leads to undesirable performance of many outdoor computer vision systems that require high-quality images. Therefore, image deraining must be performed, and effective deraining methods should be developed. In this study, we addressed the problem of single-image rain removal. We propose a novel unrolling rain-guided detail recovery network ...

Experts have found that at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, Americans chose not to become pregnant as they grappled with stay-at-home restrictions, anxiety, and economic hardship. Now, a new study led by researchers at NYU Grossman School of Medicine shows that some states actually experienced steeper decreases in fertility than others. The findings revealed that nine months after the pandemic began, there were 18 fewer births a month per 100,000 women of reproductive age across the U.S. compared with the year ...

CHAPEL HILL, N.C. – Over the past few years, the Department of Family Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry in UNC’s School of Medicine have been working together to spearhead the development of a new “enhanced primary care” model to provide better primary care for patients who have severe mental illnesses. A new analysis led by Alex K. Gertner, MD, PhD, psychiatry resident at UNC Hospitals, has added further evidence that the new model is effective. Gertner found that the enhanced primary care model resulted in lower hemoglobin A1c and blood pressure for patients with severe mental illness when compared to other primary care clinics throughout ...

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has become a promising immunotherapy tool to help treat advanced melanoma. The therapy, which harnesses immune cells collected from the patient’s own tumors, could provide a new treatment option to cancer patients, potentially bypassing radiation therapies and harsh chemotherapy drugs. For the first time, Northwestern University scientists have discovered it is possible to isolate a tumor’s attack cells non-invasively from blood, rather than from tumors. The finding opens the door for ACT to treat harder-to-reach cancer types and makes it a more viable option ...

Research led by scientists at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found that responses to a type of immunotherapy called PD-1 checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced melanoma depended on whether or not they had previously received another immunotherapy – CTLA-4 blockade – as well as other factors. Their findings, based on analysis of seven data sets generated over the past decade, which included results of tumor biopsies from more than 500 patients, are published in Cancer Cell. “In our large set of data, features that have been used to predict response ...