Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Michigan conducted a phase I pilot study to assess the feasibility of using potato starch as a dietary intervention to modify the gut microbiome in bone marrow transplant patients. The study, which appears in the journal Nature Medicine, is the first part of a two-phase ongoing clinical trial evaluating the effect of modifying the microbiome on the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication that develops in up to half ...

Artificial intelligence (AI)—of ChatGPT fame—is increasingly used in medicine to improve diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to avoid unnecessary screening for patients. But AI medical devices could also harm patients and worsen health inequities if they are not designed, tested, and used with care, according to an international task force that included a University of Rochester Medical Center bioethicist. Jonathan Herington, PhD, was a member of the AI Task Force of the Society for Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, which laid out recommendations on how to ethically develop and use AI medical devices in two papers published ...

Pregnant people who gained more than the now-recommended amount of weight had a higher risk of death from heart disease or diabetes in the decades that followed, according to new analysis of 50 years of data published in The Lancet and led by researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. The group studied a large national data set that stretched from when a person gave birth through the next five decades, assessing mortality rates to show the potential long-term effects of weight gain in pregnancy. Higher risk of death was found for all weight groups studied — including those defined ...

A first-of-its kind hormone replacement therapy that more closely replicates the natural circadian and ultradian rhythms of our hormones has shown to improve symptoms in patients with adrenal conditions. Results from the University of Bristol-led clinical trial are published today [20 October] in the Journal of Internal Medicine. Low levels of a key hormone called ‘cortisol’ is typically a result of conditions such as Addison's and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. The hormone regulates a range of vital processes, ...

URBANA, Ill. – Married couples and long-term romantic partners typically engage in a variety of behaviors that sustain and nourish the relationship. These actions promote higher levels of commitment, which benefits couples’ physical and psychological health. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign looks at how such relationship maintenance behaviors interact with satisfaction and commitment. “Relationship maintenance is a well-established measure of couple behavior. In our study, we measured it with five main categories, ...

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a new, never-before-seen feature in Jupiter’s atmosphere. The high-speed jet stream, which spans more than 3,000 miles (4,800 kilometers) wide, sits over Jupiter’s equator above the main cloud decks. The discovery of this jet is giving insights into how the layers of Jupiter’s famously turbulent atmosphere interact with each other, and how Webb is uniquely capable of tracking those features. “This is something that totally surprised us,” said Ricardo Hueso of the University of the Basque Country in Bilbao, Spain, lead author on the paper ...

ABSTRACTS: LBA71, 1088MO, 95MO, LBA48, 1082O, 1085O, LBA34, 243MO MADRID ― The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Research Highlights provides a glimpse into recent basic, translational and clinical cancer research from MD Anderson experts. This special edition features upcoming oral presentations by MD Anderson researchers at the 2023 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress focused on clinical advances across a variety of cancer types. Highlights include a combination strategy for EGFR-mutant metastatic lung cancer, updated results for a Phase ...

ChatGPT and other deep generative models are proving to be uncanny mimics. These AI supermodels can churn out poems, finish symphonies, and create new videos and images by automatically learning from millions of examples of previous works. These enormously powerful and versatile tools excel at generating new content that resembles everything they’ve seen before.  But as MIT engineers say in a new study, similarity isn’t enough if you want to truly innovate in engineering tasks.  “Deep generative models (DGMs) are ...

October 19, 2023 Startup workers flee for bigger, more established companies during pandemic Findings reveal vulnerability of early-stage firms in downturns Toronto - The world may have felt like it had stopped in the pandemic’s first weeks. But a “flight to safety” was underway at a popular digital job platform catering to the startup sector. Digging into the data for nearly 180,000 users from AngelList Talent (now called Wellfound), the biggest online recruitment platform for private and entrepreneurial companies, researchers have found that U.S. job hunters turned away from smaller, early-stage companies in favour of positions at bigger, more established firms. Just ...

ITHACA, N.Y. -- Cornell Tech has announced a total of more than $10 million in gifts and grants from the Simons Foundation and the National Science Foundation, respectively, to support arXiv, a free distribution service and open-access archive for scholarly articles. The funding will allow the growing repository with more than 2 million articles to migrate to the cloud and modernize its code to ensure reliability, fault tolerance and accessibility for researchers. “I am deeply grateful for this tremendous support from both the Simons Foundation ...

In a finding that helps elucidate how molten salts in advanced nuclear reactors might behave, scientists have shown how electrons interacting with the ions of the molten salt can form three states with different properties. Understanding these states can help predict the impact of radiation on the performance of salt-fueled reactors. The researchers, from the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Iowa, computationally simulated the introduction of an excess electron into molten zinc chloride salt to see what would happen. They found three possible scenarios. In one, the electron becomes part of a molecular radical that ...

RIVERSIDE, Calif. -- A study led by researchers in the School of Medicine at the University of California, Riverside, has found that in communities of color in Inland Southern California, historical, cultural, and social traumas induce fear and mistrust in public health and medical, scientific, and governmental institutions, which, in turn, influence these communities’ hesitation to get tested and vaccinated for COVID-19.  The study, published in Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, underscores the need for community-based health interventions that consider structural and social determinants of health ...

The beauty service microbusiness industry in the United States — such as the small, independently-owned nail salons found across the country — is huge, with more than $62 billion in annual sales. However, most of the workers who provide these highly sought services are Asian female immigrants who earn very low wages. These workers face numerous workplace health challenges stemming from the chemicals they use, repetitive movements with handheld tools and awkward body posturing. They also are reluctant to bring attention to these conditions due to factors such as possible immigration-related trauma, lack of English proficiency, ...

Recognizing the many milestones it has reached in recent months, Strategies to Prevent Spillover, or STOP Spillover, a project funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and led by Tufts University, has announced that the interim leadership team that was put in place in March 2023 will take on a permanent role for the next two years of the project. Hellen Amuguni, an associate professor in the Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, is the new project director. The co-deputy directors are Felicia Nutter, director of the International Veterinary ...

HOUSTON ― A team of researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center has developed a new method for using extracellular vesicles to enhance responses to immunotherapy in glioblastoma, potentially opening the door for wider use of engineered messenger RNA (mRNA) for cancer therapy. The study was published today in Nature Communications. Earlier this year, a team of researchers led by Betty Kim, M.D., Ph.D., and Wen Jiang, M.D., Ph.D.,developed a novel method for loading mRNA into extracellular vesicles, small structures created by cells to transport biomolecules and nucleic acids within ...

UMass Chan and UMass Lowell’s point-of-care technology initiative awarded $8.9 million renewal UMass Chan Medical School and UMass Lowell have received an $8.9 million award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for renewed support of their initiative to advance the development of home-based and point-of-care health technologies. The program aims to jumpstart new tools to address heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders, especially in underserved populations. The Center for Advancing Point of Care Technologies ...

“[...] we hope that our findings will inform future decisions regarding treatment of liver disease.” BUFFALO, NY- October 19, 2023 – A new editorial paper was published in Oncotarget's Volume 14 on October 19, 2023, entitled, “GLS2 shapes ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.” In their new editorial, researchers Sawako Suzuki, Divya Venkatesh, Tomoaki Tanaka, and Carol Prives from Columbia University discuss ferroptosis regulation of GLS2 as a potential therapeutic strategy against liver diseases. “More than a decade has passed since our group (1) as well as ...

Amanda Owen Van Horne sits on the floor while a child mixes up cake batter in a play kitchen.   While at play, an intensive language therapy program is also underway for preschool-aged children with developmental language disorder (DLD) at the University of Delaware’s Treatment Efficacy and Learning Language (TELL) Lab. The child says, “Him cooking.” Owen Van Horne repeats back, “He is cooking.”  DLD is a problem with learning and using language not attributed to a hearing impairment or intellectual disability, according to DLD ...

The Trinity Family Foundation has pledged a generous $4 million gift to the Center for BrainHealth to advance the science of brain health, in memory of Al G. Hill, Jr., a renowned Dallas entrepreneur and philanthropist. The thoughtful investment will support burgeoning research at the Center for BrainHealth, focused on deepening our understanding of neuroplasticity – the brain’s lifelong ability to change, adapt, get stronger and work better. In recognition and gratitude, the center’s ...

New research from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus studies a new tool that will help medical providers identify patients who are failing epilepsy treatments earlier in order to change treatment to rapidly optimize positive outcomes. The study was published online today in Neurology® Clinical Practice, an official journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The study was a quality improvement project that tested the implementation of an easy-to-use standardized electronic health record documentation tool, which dramatically improved the accuracy and completeness of important clinical documentation ...

Dementia experts from UC San Francisco will join their peers from around the globe at the annual Clinical Trials on Alzheimer’s Disease (CTAD) conference in Boston from Oct. 24 to 27. Presentations cover breakthroughs in therapies that clear amyloid – a hallmark of Alzheimer’s – and a symposium on patients with early Alzheimer’s symptoms who were treated with the anti-amyloid medication donanemab, which may be approved by the end of the year. Other topics include novel treatments, diagnostic blood biomarkers, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and Medicare coverage.  This year’s ...

BOSTON - Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and a major driver of healthcare costs in the United States, according to the World Health Organization. Over the last 20 years, recommended treatment of low back pain has shifted from use of pain medications including opioids to early use of nonpharmacologic treatments such as spinal manipulation and therapeutic exercise which are commonly provided by chiropractors and physical therapists. However, while nearly all Americans will experience back pain at some point in their lives, most Americans ...

In a paper published today in Science, a global team led by Macquarie University’s Dr Stuart Ryder and Swinburne University of Technology’s Associate Professor Ryan Shannon, report on their discovery of the most ancient and distant fast radio burst located to date, about eight billion years old. The discovery smashes the team’s previous record by 50 per cent. It confirms that fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be used to measure the “missing” matter between galaxies. The source of the burst was shown to be a group of two or three galaxies that are ...

WASHINGTON (October 19, 2023) – Every 13 or 17 years, billions of cicadas emerge from the ground to reproduce in eastern North American deciduous forests. One of the largest emergence events of these insects happened in 2021 when theBrood X cicadas emerged. Researchers who studied that once-in-a-generation event are now unveiling the impact this occurrence had on forest ecosystems, specifically on birds, caterpillars and trees. In a new study published today in Science, researchers at the George Washington University, Georgetown University and the University of Maryland quantified the widespread ...

Maximum temperature extremes reduce the nesting success of birds across the United States by nearly 50% in agricultural landscapes but not forests, according to a new study based on more than 20 years of citizen-science nest-monitoring data. The findings show that future warming may exacerbate the negative effects of habitat conversion on bird fitness, especially among species of conservation concern in human-dominated landscapes. Habitat conversion and climate change are fundamental drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide. However, ...