David Weisburd, Distinguished Professor, Criminology, Law and Society, College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS); Executive Director, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy (CEBCP), received funding for: “Safer Stronger Together (SST) Initiative: An evaluation of the impact of a place-based social intervention on youth and their families.”  Weisburd will evaluate baseline behaviors and attitudes of clients in the recently launched Safer Stronger Together (SST) Initiative in Maryland. A future proposal will be geared toward gaining outcome data.  He ...

Erdogan Kaya, Assistant Professor, College of Education and Human Development (CEHD), received funding for the project: “EducateAI DCL: Cultivating Artificial Intelligence Literacy through Linguistically Inclusive Integrated Elementary Curriculum via Educational Robotics.” He and his colleagues aim to develop a linguistically inclusive integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI) curriculum that specifically supports emergent multilingual learners (EMLs), using educational robotics to teach ...

Dongqing Wang, Assistant Professor, Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, received funding for the project: “Effects of micronutrient supplementation on maternal and infant micronutrient status: a secondary analysis for Tanzania, and a systematic review and meta-analysis for low- and middle-income countries.” Wang will lead the secondary analysis using existing data from a randomized controlled trial in Tanzania.  He aims to investigate the effect of multiple micronutrient ...

On 13th of November 2024, Quandela, the CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, and Université Paris Cité inaugurated at the Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay/Université Paris Cité) the QDlight associated research laboratory focusing on research in quantum photonics, which is to say the art of controlling light in the quantum regime inside nanoscale devices. Over the course of six years, the teams will expand scientific cooperation ...

About The Study: Among patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, linear ablation combined with ethanol infusion of the vein of Marshall in addition to pulmonary vein isolation significantly improved freedom from atrial arrhythmias within 12 months compared with pulmonary vein isolation alone.  Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Changsheng Ma, MD, (chshma@vip.sina.com) and Chenyang Jiang, MD, (jiangchenyangmail@163.com). To access the embargoed study: Visit our ...

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores have become a non-invasive way for physicians to easily determine how much plaque has built up inside a patient’s coronary arteries, but the question has been how accurate the score is in identifying women, as well as men, who are at high risk for a heart attack or death. Now, a major new study by researchers at Intermountain Health in Salt Lake City finds coronary artery calcium scores are not only highly effective in identifying those at risk for future heart attacks, but also for death, and risk prediction ...

The pterosaurs are extinct flying reptiles that lived alongside their close relatives, the dinosaurs. The largest of these reached 10 m in wingspan, but early forms were generally limited to around 2 m. In a new paper today, a team led by palaeontologist Dr David Hone of Queen Mary University of London and published in the journal Current Biology describes a new species of pterosaur that helps to explain this important transition. They named the animal Skiphosoura bavarica meaning ‘sword tail from Bavaria’ because it comes from southern Germany and has a very unusual short, but ...

In a new study,1 led by the University of Oxford’s Department of Physics and published today (18 November) in Nature, an international group of authors who developed the science behind net zero demonstrate that relying on ‘natural carbon sinks’ like forests and oceans to offset ongoing CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use will not actually stop global warming. The science of net zero, developed over 15 years ago,2 does not include these natural carbon sinks in the definition of net human-induced CO2 emissions. Natural sinks play a vital role to moderate the impact of current emissions and draw down atmospheric CO2 concentrations after the date of net zero, ...

About The Study: The results of this study suggest a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome by social determinants of health and sex. These findings highlight the need to address inequities in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome through targeted interventions.  Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jie Guo, PhD, email jie.guo@ki.se. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.45309) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for ...

Everyone has a past. That includes the millions of species of insects, arachnids, and nematode worms that make up a major animal group called the Ecdysozoa. Until recently, details about this group’s most distant past have been elusive. But a UC Riverside-led team has now identified the oldest known ecdysozoan in the fossil record and the only one from the Precambrian period. Their discovery of Uncus dzaugisi, a worm-like creature rarely over a few centimeters in length, is described in a paper published today in Current ...

Anyone who has ever tried to get rid of a few extra kilos knows the frustration: the weight drops initially, only to be back within a matter of weeks – the yo-yo effect has struck. Researchers at ETH Zurich have now been able to show that this is all down to epigenetics. Epigenetics is the part of genetics that’s based not on the sequence of genetic building blocks but on small yet characteristic chemical markers on these building blocks. The sequence of building blocks has evolved over a long period of time; we all inherit them from our parents. Epigenetic markers, on the other hand, are more dynamic: environmental factors, our eating habits and the condition of our body ...

LOS ANGELES — New research published in JAMA Network Open from USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, part of Keck Medicine of USC, suggests that among all cancer survivors, male adolescents and young adults (AYA) have the highest rate of death by suicide.  The study also reports that the number of suicide deaths in the AYA male cancer survivor group (ages 15-39) increased three-fold during the 21-year-study period. In 2021, one in 65 deaths among the group was attributed to suicide. Suicide deaths have also increased for other cancer ...

Achalasia is primarily caused by the degeneration of the myenteric plexus in the esophageal wall, leading to impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and loss of esophageal peristalsis. Although the exact etiology is not fully understood, it is believed to involve autoimmune mechanisms and viral infections. Key pathological features include the absence of peristalsis, LES hypertonicity, and symptoms such as dysphagia and regurgitation. In this condition, the esophagus fails to contract and move food toward the stomach, while the LES ...

2024 marks an important milestone with the publication of a comprehensive review in Chemical Reviews on electron density-based methods. The review, authored by an international team, was spearheaded by leading researchers from Institute of Science Tokyo (Sergei Manzhos and Manabu Ihara of the Ihara-Manzhos lab) and included collaborators from Canada (Paul Ayers of McMaster University and Cherif Matta of Mount Saint Vincent University), China (Samantha Jenkins of Hunan Normal University), and the USA (Michele Pavanello from Rutgers University). The project also saw significant contributions from young researchers, Daniel Koch from ...

Researchers from Peking University have conducted an in-depth study on the epidemic status, secular trends, and risk factors of 15 common neonatal infectious diseases across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 1990 to 2019. The study, published in Health Data Science, provides a comprehensive overview of the changes in incidence and mortality rates, identifying key trends and potential areas for targeted public health interventions to improve neonatal health outcomes. Neonatal infectious diseases remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in LMICs, where newborns are particularly vulnerable to infections due to underdeveloped immune systems ...

Citizen scientists in Japan enabled researchers to learn why May 2024’s aurora appeared a magenta color over the country. This effort in extending research beyond academies and laboratories has greater consequence for humanity than explaining pretty lights Around the world, the historic geomagnetic superstorm of late spring 2024 inspired millions of non-scientists around the world—many armed with highly sensitive smartphone cameras—to take a fantastic, unprecedented number of images of the aurora it produced. In ...

University of Queensland researchers have developed a new class of oral painkillers to suppress chronic abdominal pain that is based on the peptide hormone oxytocin that drives childbirth contractions. Associate Professor Markus Muttenthaler from UQ’s Institute for Molecular Bioscience led a team that has changed the chemical structure of oxytocin to make it gut-stable after earlier work revealed the hormone could treat abdominal pain. Dr Muttenthaler said there was an urgent need for new ...

(Toronto, November 18, 2024) A recent study published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research introduced the EDAI framework, a comprehensive guideline designed to embed equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) principles throughout the artificial intelligence (AI) lifecycle. Led by Dr Samira Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi, PhD, the Canada Research Chair (Tier II) in AI and Advanced Digital Primary Health Care,  the research addresses a significant gap in current AI development and implementation practices in health and oral health care, which often overlook critical EDI factors. With EDAI, AI ...

Black holes are one of the most enigmatic stellar objects. While best known for swallowing up their surroundings into a gravity pit from which nothing can escape, they can also shoot off powerful jets of charged particles, leading to explosive bursts of gamma rays that can release more energy in mere seconds than our sun will emit in its entire lifetime. For such a spectacular event to occur, a black hole needs to carry a powerful magnetic field. Where this magnetism comes from, however, has been a long-standing ...

Fampridine is currently used to improve walking ability in multiple sclerosis. A new study shows that it could also help individuals with reduced working memory, as seen in mental health conditions like schizophrenia or depression. Remembering a code for long enough to type it in; holding a conversation and reacting appropriately to what is being said: in everyday situations like these, we use our working memory. It allows a memory to be actively retained for a few seconds. Certain conditions, such as schizophrenia ...

Cambridge, MA (November 18, 2024) – Today the MIT Press is releasing a workshop report on what additional information is needed to ensure that open access publication benefits research, entitled "Access to Science & Scholarship 2024: Building an Evidence Base to Support the Future of Open Research Policy." The report is the outcome of a workshop funded by the National Science Foundation and held at the D.C. headquarters of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on September 20, 2024. The implementation of open access has resulted in consolidation of the publishing industry, an explosion in unreviewed articles, and new costs that may be hard ...

Quebec, CA, November 18, 2024 – A new study published in the The Journal of Nutrition, found that substituting two tablespoons of pure maple syrup for refined sugars reduced several cardiometabolic risk factors in humans.  It was the first placebo-controlled clinical trial exploring potential health benefits of maple syrup in humans. “We know from decades of research that maple syrup is more than just sugar. It contains over 100 natural compounds, including polyphenols, that are known to prevent disease in part through their anti-inflammatory ...

MINNEAPOLIS / ST. PAUL (11/18/2024) — A new study by researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities in collaboration with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) found that specific insecticides, called neonicotinoids, were found at high concentrations in some ground and surface water sources that could affect drinking water. Individuals relying on shallow groundwater or natural springs for drinking water have a higher risk of contamination from these insecticides compared to those getting their drinking water from deep groundwater wells. ...

The €500,000 Einstein Foundation Award for Promoting Quality in Research honors researchers and institutions whose work helps to fundamentally advance the quality and robustness of research findings. The award is bestowed jointly with the QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité. „The Einstein Foundation Award seeks to amplify the importance of quality and accountability in research, particularly as science plays a critical role in addressing global challenges,“ explains Martin Rennert, Chair of the Einstein Foundation’s Executive Board. ...

Mitochondrial diseases are among the most prevalent hereditary metabolic disorders, known to occur in one out every 5000 births. Single nucleotide variations, indels, and structural variations are known to cause these disorders. While many arise from single nucleotide variations, indels, or structural variants, some forms are also triggered by repeat expansions in nuclear genes affecting mitochondrial function, which can result in severe mitochondrial dysfunction. These diseases often impact the central nervous system (CNS), and mitochondrial encephalopathies represent a subset characterized by prominent ...