Research and technology development for plasma physics and fusion energy at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory just got a boost from a LaserNetUS award.  In total, the DOE’s Office of Science awarded $28.5 million to advance discovery science and inertial fusion energy, including a three-year grant for the development and operations of the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) instrument at SLAC’s Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). MEC has been home to high intensity laser experiments since 2012, and joined ...

The basic idea is simple: unlike previous chips, where only calculations were carried out on transistors, they are now the location of data storage as well. That saves time and energy. “As a result, the performance of the chips is also boosted,” says Hussam Amrouch, a professor of AI processor design at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). The transistors on which he performs calculations and stores data measure just 28 nanometers, with millions of them placed on each of the new AI chips. The chips of the future will have to be faster and more efficient than earlier ones. Consequently, ...

SETI Institute Artist-in-Residence Daniela De Paulis to Receive 2023 Europlanet Prize for Public Engagement Daniela de Paulis is honored for her work bringing space and planetary science to international audiences. October 26, 2023, Mountain View, CA -- The SETI Institute is thrilled to announce that Daniela De Paulis, a SETI Artist-in-Residence (SETI AIR), will be honored with the prestigious 2023 Europlanet Prize for Public Engagement. De Paulis’ groundbreaking project, ‘A Sign in Space,’ invited a global audience to participate in decoding a simulated message from an extraterrestrial ...

DANVILLE, Pa. – Genomic screening to identify hemochromatosis—a disorder that causes iron levels in the body to rise to dangerous levels—encourages people with the condition to seek treatment and ongoing management, a Geisinger study found. Hereditary hemochromatosis type 1 (HH1), caused by a change in the HFE gene, is underdiagnosed, often resulting in missed opportunities for early and consistent treatment. Without treatment, hemochromatosis can cause iron overload, a buildup of iron that can damage many parts of the body. Treatment of hemochromatosis includes regular monitoring of iron levels and removing excess iron ...

People with autism less likely to succumb to bystander effect, York U father-son research duo finds Schulich School of Business and Faculty of Health researchers say that while as many as 90 per cent of people with autism are unemployed or underemployed, their study points to the benefits of having neurodivergent people in the workplace   TORONTO, Oct. 26, 2023 — A well-established psychological theory states that most of us are less likely to intervene in a bad situation if other people are present, and this ‘bystander effect’ also applies to workplace settings. However, new research led ...

(San Antonio, October 26, 2023) -- The Cybersecurity Manufacturing Innovation Institute (CyManII) at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) has been selected by the U.S. Economic Development Administration (EDA) to establish an ecosystem that will promote secure manufacturing strategies across South Texas. The Secure Manufacturing in South Texas Strategy Development Consortium, funded by a $500,000 Tech Hubs Strategy Development Grant, will enable CyManII to take initial steps to develop a Secure Manufacturing Tech Hub that will mature technologies, enhance business competitiveness ...

ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — Tian Ma, a distinguished computer engineer in research and development at Sandia National Laboratories, has been honored as a 2023 Asian American Engineer of the Year by the Chinese Institute of Engineers-USA. Each year, CIE recognizes exceptional Asian American engineers who demonstrate strong technical skills, leadership abilities and a commitment to public service. Previous recipients of this award include Nobel laureates and astronauts. Ma’s expertise in data analysis and processing has propelled him to national recognition as an expert in detection algorithms and tracking systems. His journey ...

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Venus, a scorching wasteland of a planet according to scientists, may have once had tectonic plate movements similar to those believed to have occurred on early Earth, a new study found. The finding sets up tantalizing scenarios regarding the possibility of early life on Venus, its evolutionary past and the history of the solar system. Writing in Nature Astronomy, a team of scientists led by Brown University researchers describes using atmospheric data from Venus and computer modeling to show that the composition of the planet’s current atmosphere and surface pressure would only have been possible as a result of an early form of plate ...

BINGHAMTON, N.Y. -- A researcher at Binghamton University, State University of New York will lead a $2.5 million project from the National Institutes of Health to develop machine models to identify and predict cardiometabolic risks in adolescents and young adults. Cardiometabolic diseases are the top cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and the number of people who experience one or more of these conditions during their lifetime is increasing. Still, much of the research about these diseases has focused on the adult and senior populations. What if younger people and the healthcare professionals who ...

A groundbreaking clinical trial launched October 16 will explore the promise of new drug treatments for military personnel and veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The multi-site trial is spearheaded by the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA), part of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, and supported by a project team that includes representatives from the U.S. Air Force, Army, Navy, and Special Operations Command. Military veterans are more likely to have PTSD than civilians, according to statistics from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and service members who deployed to ...

  Leading researchers have launched a major scientific initiative to investigate - and help protect - the fragile Congo Basin Forest region in central Africa, one of the world’s most important but little understood ecosystems.   They say the Congo Basin Science Initiative will transform the understanding of the Congo Basin, an area of 240 million hectares of contiguous tropical forests that absorb a vast quantity of carbon, which helps to moderate the impact of global climate ...

Developing new-generation numerical methods for the technological challenges of the 21st century, mainly in sustainability. This is the objective underpinning NEMESIS (NEw GEneration MEthods for Numerical SImulationS), an international researchproject involving Politecnico di Milano and Università di Milano-Bicocca, which today has been  awarded one of the 37 Synergy Grants by the European Research Council (ERC). ERC Synergy Grants fund research on topics that are ambitious and complex ...

WOODS HOLE, Mass.— At the surface, salt marshes and their windswept grasses can look deceptively simple. But those marshes are teeming with biodiversity, from the insects and migrating birds in the air all the way down to the microbes that live in the soil. Scientists from the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) have discovered that even among the sulfur-cycling microbes that are responsible for the “rotten egg gas” smell in salt marsh air, diversity extends all the way to genomes and even to individual nucleotides. To ...

Children who are too short for their age can suffer reduced cognitive ability arising from differences in brain function as early as six months of age, according to new research from the University of East Anglia. Researchers compared the ‘visual working memory’ – the memory capacity that holds visual cues for processing – in children who had stunted growth with those having typical growth. Published today in the journal Nature Human Behaviour, the study found that the visual ...

A team of scientists led by KOO Sagang from the Seoul National University and Center for Nanoparticle Research within the Institue for Basic Science Center (IBS), in collaboration with researchers from Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) and the Seoul National University, developed a new solution for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic disease that, unfortunately, has no cure. The disease triggers a mix of troublesome symptoms like inflamed joints, harmful cytokines, and immune system imbalances, which work together to create a relentless cycle of worsening symptoms. While targeting ...

About The Study: The results of this study of 41 large U.S. children’s hospitals suggest that bronchiolitis hospitalizations decreased transiently and then increased markedly during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Patients admitted during the pandemic era were older and were more likely to be admitted to an intensive care unit. These findings suggest that bronchiolitis seasonality has not yet returned to pre-pandemic patterns, and hospitals should prepare for the possibility of atypical timing again in 2023.  Authors: Jonathan H. Pelletier, ...

About The Study: This survey study of attitudes of 1,005 parents of children and adolescents ages 9 to 15 revealed both perceived benefits (e.g., family connectedness) and concerns (e.g., cyberbullying, addiction) of internet use. Twice as many parents reported specific concerns about internet addiction than substance addiction.  Authors: Michael Peter Milham, M.D., Ph.D., of the Child Mind Institute in New York, is the corresponding author.  To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/  (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39851 Editor’s ...

CAMBRIDGE, MA -- When babies first begin to talk, their vocabulary is very limited. Often one of the first sounds they generate is “da,” which may refer to dad, a dog, a dot, or nothing at all. How does an adult listener make sense of this limited verbal repertoire? A new study from MIT and Harvard University researchers has found that adults’ understanding of conversational context and knowledge of mispronunciations that children commonly make are critical to the ability to understand children’s early linguistic efforts.  Using ...

Nanoturbines: the heart of advancements Flow-driven turbines lie at the heart of many revolutionary machines that have shaped our societies, from windmills to airplanes. Even life itself depends critically on turbines for fundamental processes, such as the FoF1-ATP synthase that produces fuels for biological cells and the bacterial flagella motor that propels bacteria. “Our nanoturbine has a 25-nanometer diameter rotor made from DNA material with blades configured in a right-handed or left-handed sense to control the direction of rotation. To operate, this structure is ...

The National Science Foundation has awarded $3.7 million to the University of Chicago for the first year of a grant that may provide up to $21.4 million for the final designs for a next-generation set of telescopes to map the light from the earliest moments of the universe—the Cosmic Microwave Background. Led by the University of Chicago and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the collaboration seeks to build telescopes and infrastructure in both Antarctica and Chile to search for what are known as “primordial” gravitational waves—the vibrations from the Big Bang itself. It would also map the microwave light ...

The discovery of a malaria protein that helps the parasite grow inside red blood cells and plays a key regulatory role in the parasite’s immune evasion tactics could pave the way for new vaccines or therapeutics to combat the deadly infection. The protein, known as PfAP2-P, was previously identified in a KAUST-led study that explored malarial genes and proteins displaying rhythmic 24-hour expression patterns — an adaptation that allows the parasite to synchronize its activities with those of the host during the human blood stage of its developmental cycle[1]. The expression levels of PfAP2-P seem to peak first around ...

Psoriasis — a chronic skin condition — is not caused or spread by spontaneous genetic mutations in the skin, new research suggests. The team, from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and collaborators, sequenced skin samples from 111 people with psoriasis. They didn’t find any mutated genes in the psoriatic patches that weren’t also mutated in the individual’s unaffected skin tissue. The study, published today (26 October) in Nature Genetics, suggests that unlike other inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease or chronic liver disease, somatic mutations were not responsible for the start or spread of psoriasis. Confirming that psoriasis ...

An international team has developed the first comprehensive framework for designing networks of marine protected areas that can help vulnerable species survive as climate change drives habitat loss. In a paper published Oct. 26 in One Earth, the researchers outlined guidelines for governments to provide long-distance larval drifters, like urchins and lobsters, as well as migratory species, like turtles and sharks, with protected stopovers along coastal corridors. Led by Stanford marine conservation scientist Nur Arafeh-Dalmau, the team included 50 scientists and practitioners ...

University of Queensland researchers have shown that endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) share genetic risk factors, explaining why patients with one condition may also have the other. Professor Grant Montgomery and Dr Sally Mortlock at UQ’s Institute for Molecular Bioscience found a significant relationship between the risks for endometriosis and common gastrointestinal disorders such as IBS, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). “This genetic finding supports the clinical observation of an increased incidence of gastrointestinal disorders in women with endometriosis,” ...

INDIANAPOLIS -- Two Regenstrief Institute and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs researchers are key leaders of a national journal’s special supplement designed to help address the plethora of issues that can accompany a healthcare system’s transition to a new electronic health record (EHR) system. Regenstrief Institute’s David Haggstrom, M.D., MAS, and Michael Weiner, M.D., MPH, are among four guest editors who have spent the last two years leading content development for a Journal of General Internal Medicine (JGIM) special supplement ...