ETH Zurich researchers created a boron-containing coupling reagent that joins protein fragments 1,000 times faster than conventional carbon-based methods, enabling automated synthesis of poorly soluble proteins including those targeted by 60% of current drugs.

OIST researchers identified 80 proteins involved in plasma membrane repair in budding yeast, tracked their movements in real time after laser-induced damage, and discovered that endocytosis plays a repair role in yeast, suggesting an ancient, conserved mechanism.

A comprehensive review from Cambridge researchers maps the translational pathway from current checklist-based psychiatric diagnosis toward biologically grounded approaches, synthesizing biomarker research, digital phenotyping, and AI while honestly cataloging the barriers that remain.

A synthesis of large-scale genomic studies reveals that common epilepsies are shaped by thousands of genetic variants, with genetic generalized epilepsy showing unusually high heritability relative to its polygenicity, making it one of the most cost-efficient targets in complex disease genomics.

Mount Sinai researchers used RNAscope to map GLP-1 expression at single-transcript resolution across the entire mouse brain, revealing that several brain nuclei show GLP-1 expression in only one sex, with implications for how semaglutide-class drugs may work differently in women and men.

Voluntary exercise in rats decreased tryptophan-metabolizing gut bacteria Alistipes and Clostridium, increased circulating tryptophan metabolites, and reduced aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression specifically in the dorsal hippocampus, tracing a coherent gut-brain pathway from running wheel to memory circuitry.

UCL researchers used single-cell calcium imaging and a dynamic neural encoding model to reconstruct 10-second video clips from mouse visual cortex activity alone, achieving high pixel-level correlation with the original footage.

Numerical models reveal that chemical weathering beneath continental ice sheets during snowball Earth events could have consumed CO2 at rates approaching volcanic emission levels, offering a new explanation for why the Sturtian glaciation lasted far longer than the Marinoan.

The Simplified Adolescent Factors for Endometriosis (SAFE) score uses six questions about pelvic pain, menstrual symptoms, and family history to identify at-risk girls and young women, aiming to cut the average 6-8 year diagnostic delay for endometriosis.

Breast cancer cells use the pressure-sensing ion channel PIEZO1 to detect physical compression within confined tissue, triggering the Rho-ROCK pathway and creating an epigenetic 'mechanical memory' that drives aggressive behavior long after the squeeze is relieved.

A new IgG ELISA assay for mpox antibodies was developed and validated at Rwanda's National Reference Laboratory during the clade 1b outbreak, using just four key antibody signatures to keep the test affordable and accessible in remote settings.

Structural changes in three blood proteins, C1QA, clusterin, and apolipoprotein B, distinguished cognitively normal adults from Alzheimer's patients with up to 93% accuracy in two-way comparisons, suggesting protein folding may offer a new diagnostic window.

By adding a Nafion ionomer to cobalt phthalocyanine electrodes, researchers achieved 93% CO Faradaic efficiency at 300 mA/cm2 in bicarbonate electrolysis, demonstrating a closed-loop CO2 capture-and-conversion cycle from simulated flue gas.

Analysis of hundreds of ethnographic documents shows bone needles and awls were most commonly used for clothing production, with mentions increasing significantly in colder environments, but these tools also served medical, ceremonial, and artistic purposes across North America.

Researchers identified SYFO2 as the molecular gatekeeper that reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton in legume root hairs, enabling nitrogen-fixing rhizobia to enter. The protein was also activated in tomato, suggesting a path to engineering self-fertilization in non-legume crops.

A new machine-learning tool trained on data from just four published papers can predict which mirror-image version of a molecule a chemical reaction will produce, potentially cutting drug-synthesis screening from 50-60 experiments down to 5-10.

Soaking pruned litchi branches in limewater before open burning boosts carbon retention from 52% to 86%, creating stable biochar that could sequester roughly 6,000 kg of carbon per hectare without requiring industrial equipment.

New ACP papers say health care must be more accessible and inclusive for patients and physicians with disabilities  Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-25-04524    Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-25-04518 Editorial: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-25-05480 URL goes live when the embargo lifts              Two new papers from the American College of Physicians (ACP) address barriers to health care for people with disabilities and offer policy recommendations ...

Over the past century, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased dramatically. This rise has contributed to global warming and led to many harmful effects, including shifting weather patterns and more frequent droughts. There is an urgent need to lower the amount of carbon dioxide in the air to protect ecosystems and reduce future damage to the planet. Paul V. Galvin professor Petra Fromme in ASU’s  School of Molecular Sciences (SMS), and her team, have taken an important step toward improving technologies that pull carbon dioxide directly from the air—an approach considered ...

Ikoma, Japan—The retina is a thin layer of neural tissue at the back of the eye that detects light and converts it into signals, sent to the brain. During development, all the specialized neurons in the retina—including photoreceptors and other cells essential for vision—arise from stem-like cells known as retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). Although RPCs can differentiate into multiple retinal cell types, this capacity is only temporary in mammals. As development proceeds, RPCs gradually lose their flexibility and ultimately transform into supporting cells called Müller glia (MG). Once this transition is complete, the retina ...

Indigenous people in the United States are at higher risk of fatal police violence in and around American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) reservations, according to the first comprehensive national study on the subject from researchers at Drexel University’s Dornsife School of Public Health and the University of Washington. The study, using data on the 203 AIAN people killed by police from 2013 through 2024, was published today in the journal PNAS. The authors hope this work will inform policy action to better protect these communities. The ...

Researchers at the University of California San Diego have identified new genetic variants associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by using long-read whole genome sequencing (LR-WGS), an emerging approach that reads large sections of the genome at once, making it easier for scientists to find new genetic variants and understand how genetic variants affect the function of a gene. The team found that compared to traditional short-read approaches, LR-WGS enhanced the discovery of several categories of genetic variants. The findings may pave ...

Herring from different parts of the Baltic Sea belong to distinct populations genetically adapted to local differences in salinity and temperature. However, these populations can also mix with each other, according to a new study by researchers from Uppsala University, Stockholm University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. These results have important implications for the management of the Baltic herring. The study is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Spring- and autumn-spawning herring in the Baltic Sea as well as in the Atlantic Ocean are genetically distinct. This is well known. “Despite ...

As any diver knows, oceans can be cloudy places. Even on sunny days, snow-like particles drift through the water column, obscuring the aquatic world below. Scientists have long known that this “marine snow” carries inorganic calcium carbonate – the building block of shells – but couldn’t explain how the mineral dissolves in the upper part of the ocean. New research from Rutgers University-New Brunswick points to the culprit: bacteria. “Think of marine particles as the megacities of the ocean,” said Benedict ...

In some parts of the deep ocean, it can look like it’s snowing. This “marine snow” is the dust and detritus that organisms slough off as they die and decompose. Marine snow can fall several kilometers to the deepest parts of the ocean, where the particles are buried in the seafloor for millennia.  Now, researchers at MIT and their collaborators have found that as marine snow falls, tiny hitchhikers may limit how deep the particles can sink before dissolving away. The team shows that when bacteria hitch a ride ...