Scientists have uncovered how the plant hormone auxin helps roots bend and downwards towards gravity – a process called gravitropism - even after encountering obstacles in soil.  Experts from the University of Nottingham’s School of Biosciences and Shanghai Jiao Tang University (SJTU), identified how auxin activates a specific gene, which strengthens cell walls on the lower side of the root. This reinforcement prevents growth below while allowing cells above to expand, making the root bend downward. The findings have been published today in Science Advances. Root ...

A new study from Duke University School of Medicine is challenging long-standing views on blood sugar regulation — and pointing to a surprising new ally in the fight against type 2 diabetes. Published Sept. 19 in Science Advances, the research reveals that pancreatic alpha cells, once thought to only produce glucagon — a hormone that raises blood sugar to maintain energy when fasting or exercising — also generate GLP-1, a powerful hormone that boosts insulin and helps regulate glucose. GLP-1 is the same hormone mimicked by ...

Graphic of electron properties around lithium hydride    A new trick for modeling molecules with quantum accuracy takes a step toward revealing the equation at the center of a popular simulation approach, which is used in fundamental chemistry and materials science studies.   The effort to understand materials and chemical reactions eats up roughly a third of national lab supercomputer time in the U.S. The gold standard for accuracy is the quantum many-body problem, which can tell you what's happening at the level of individual electrons. This is the key to chemical ...

ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — When German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays in the late 1800s while experimenting with cathode ray tubes, it was a breakthrough that transformed science and medicine. So much so that the basic concept remains in use today. But a team of researchers at Sandia National Laboratories believes they’ve found a better way, harnessing different metals and the colors of light they emit. “It’s called colorized hyperspectral X-ray imaging with multi-metal targets, or CHXI MMT for short,” said project lead Edward Jimenez, an optical engineer. Jimenez has been working with materials scientist Noelle Collins and electronics ...

Woods Hole, Mass. – Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) researchers have shown large sharks can spend hours deep in the oceans' mesopelagic zone, which lies 200 to 1,000 meters (650 to 3,300 feet) below the surface. This region is home to more biomass than any other layer of the ocean, but most of its inhabitants are too tiny to serve as meals for large predators, so why are they spending so much time there? A new study published in Marine Ecology Progress Series highlights the important roles of mid-sized predators, such as bigscale pomfret, linking the upper and lower layers of the ocean foodweb. ...

UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — While acute myocardial infarction — commonly referred to as a heart attack — remains a leading cause of death in the United States, deaths have decreased significantly over the past two decades in part due to improved treatment methods, according to Charleen Hsuan, associate professor of health policy and administration at Penn State. However, not all patients may receive the recommended treatment. According to a new study, led by Hsuan, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients in Florida who experienced a ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) — a severe ...

Preclinical study provides first direct evidence linking colorectal cancer metastasis to the glucose-fructose blend found in sugar-sweetened beverages Metastasis is the leading cause of death among patients with colorectal cancer The combination of glucose and fructose, found in most sodas and fruit juices, activates the SORD enzyme, fueling cancer cell migration and metastasis Study suggests cutting back on sugary drinks could help slow cancer progression in patients with colorectal cancer and points to possible new treatment targets HOUSTON, SEPTEMBER 19, 2025 – A ...

Hertz Fellow Vivek Nair thinks that traditional cybersecurity approaches don’t cut it when it comes to the world of rapidly advancing AI systems. His startup company, Multifactor, aims to provide new security solutions that are designed from the ground up to protect consumers and businesses from AI-related data breaches.  Nair has now won funds from the Hertz Foundation via the Harold Newman and David Galas Entrepreneurial Initiative, which will be used to support the development of multiple new cybersecurity products aimed at both companies and individual ...

Inhaling Cannabis May Greatly Increase Your Risk of Getting Asthma If you’re looking to reduce your chances of developing lung disease, say experts at UC San Francisco, then it may be smart to avoid inhaling cannabis. A new study in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that inhaling marijuana every day is associated with a 44% increased chance of developing asthma. It also increased the odds of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by 27%.  The COPD risk may be understated, since the disease takes decades to develop, and the researchers ...

Researchers have focussed on building a QA system which can answer query of user from building code and reduces the laborious traditional way of manual querying. One possible solution to build a robust QA system is to utilise the power of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Researchers have explored the potential of several retrieval methods and efficiency of Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs). Retrievers and LLMs are core component of a RAG system, and their performance affects ...

Many hopes rested on so-called tissue engineering: With the help of stem cells, skin and other organs could be grown, thereby enabling better wound healing and better transplants. Although some of this is already a reality, the level expected around 20 years ago has not yet been achieved because the stem cells do not always bind to the required host material as they should in theory. An international research team led by chemist Professor Shikha Dhiman from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) has now found the reason for this: "Whether an interaction ...

Two projects at the University of California, Davis, that use artificial intelligence to design and engineer proteins for industrial and health applications have been funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).  The grants are part of a $32 million investment in AI and protein engineering announced Aug. 7 by the NSF Directorate for Technology, Innovation and Partnerships (NSF TIP). Both teams are affiliated with the UC Davis Innovation Institute for Food and Health in collaboration with industry partners. Total funding to UC Davis will be about $1 million over three years.  The two grants are among five announced by NSF that aim to ...

The University of Texas at Arlington will bring together experts and innovators at the fifth annual Texas Health Informatics Alliance Conference, exploring how artificial intelligence is shaping the future of health care. The conference will take place Friday, Sept. 26, in the Bluebonnet Ballroom of the University Center. This year’s theme, ALL IN: Practice of Trustworthy and Responsible AI Operations in Health Care, reflects its focus on ethical, effective and patient-centered AI applications. “Our conference has become a must-attend event for anyone in health informatics,” said Marion Ball, Presidential ...

Seismology is undergoing significant change with the rise of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), a fast-growing technology that leverages existing fiber-optic cables—including those used for the Internet—into ultra-dense seismic networks with meter-scale sensor spacing. DAS provides a scalable and cost-effective way to monitor earthquakes from local to global scales, but it also poses a pressing challenge: the massive volume of data produced outpaces human capacity to analyze. For example, ...

About The Study: The findings of this cohort study suggest that poverty and social disadvantage, characterized by low educational level and household income among both women and men, were associated with lower fecundability (defined as the per-month probability of conceiving) and increased risks of subfertility (defined as a time to pregnancy or the duration of actively pursuing pregnancy of more than 12 months or use of assisted reproductive technology) but not with miscarriage risk. Further studies are needed to identify the underlying and explanatory mechanisms associated with fertility outcomes and the potential for novel public health strategies for couples desiring pregnancy. Corresponding ...

About The Study: The findings of this study highlight the critical role of improving measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage to prevent large-scale measles outbreaks, particularly in regions with declining immunization rates. Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kaiming Bi, Ph.D., email kaiming.bi@uth.tmc.edu. To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/ (doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.3992) Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and ...

Ant societies are built on scent. Pheromones guide the insects to food, warn them of predators, and regulate the rhythms of their colonies. This chemical communication system is governed by a simple rule: one receptor, one neuron. Ant genomes contain hundreds of odorant receptor genes, each encoding a receptor tuned to specific chemicals. Were a neuron to express multiple receptors at once, the messages arriving in the brain would be scrambled, and the ant would lose its finely tuned sense of smell. Now, scientists working with the clonal raider ant have discovered the unique process ...

As wildfires grow larger and more frequent across the West, researchers from Colorado, Utah, and California are digging into how smoke affects the air—and our health.  In a new study published in the journal Atmospheric Environment, the team shows that large wildfires, like those we’ve seen in Colorado, Oregon, and California in recent years, produce large amounts of ozone into the atmosphere. This not only impacts our lungs and other health concerns but also contributes to the warming of the planet.  CU Denver mathematics professor emeritus Jan Mandel was part of the research team, which included faculty from the University ...

Quantum physics often reveals phenomena that defy common sense. A new theory of quantum scarring deepens our understanding of the connection between the quantum world and classical mechanics, sheds light on earlier findings and marks a step forward towards future technological applications. Quantum mechanics describes the behaviour of matter and energy at microscopic scales, where randomness seems to prevail. Yet even within seemingly chaotic systems, hidden order may lie beneath the surface. Quantum scars are one such example: they are regions where electrons prefer to travel along ...

(Toronto, September 18, 2025) JMIR Publications, the leading open-access digital health research publisher, and ZB Med, Germany’s national infrastructure and research hub for data and information in the life sciences, are pleased to announce that Witten/Herdecke University joined their Flat-Fee Unlimited Open Access Publishing Agreement. The addition of Witten/Herdecke to the consortia agreement was facilitated by Ulrike Weichern of KGL Accucoms. “It was a pleasure to collaborate with the Witten/Herdecke University, JMIR and ZB Med on their common goal of further advancing the idea of open access and supporting researchers ...

(Toronto, September 19, 2025) JMIR Publications, a leading open-access digital health research publisher, and Jisc, the United Kingdom's not-for-profit organization providing digital services for research and education, are pleased to announce a significant expansion of their Flat-Fee Unlimited Open Access Partnership. Effective August 1, 2025, 6 new research institutions – the University of Manchester, University of Nottingham, Newcastle University, University of Leeds, University of Southampton, and University of Warwick – have joined this collaborative ...

A University of Helsinki study found that partially replacing red and processed meat with pea- and faba bean–based foods resulted in reduced total and ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol levels in men, along with weight loss. On average, men consume significantly more red and processed meat than is recommended, and more than women do. The high nutritional value of legumes makes them well suited to replacing meat. However, they do not naturally contain vitamin B12, which is found in animal-derived foods. The BeanMan study investigated how partially replacing red and ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with rising incidence attributed to environmental, dietary, and lifestyle factors. Beyond genetic and epigenetic drivers, increasing evidence implicates the gut microbiome as a crucial modulator of CRC initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. Dysbiosis—an imbalance in microbial composition—can disrupt intestinal homeostasis, promote chronic inflammation, and facilitate carcinogenesis. This review explores the mechanistic role ...

AAP media contacts:  Lisa Robinson, 630-626-6084, lrobinson@aap.org                Alex Hulvalchick, 630-626-6282, ahulvalchick@aap.org          American Academy of Pediatrics hosts 2025 National Conference & Exhibition in Denver Thousands of pediatric care providers and specialists will learn the latest in pediatric education, share research and attend seminars hosted by experts on infectious diseases, ...

WASHINGTON–A new initiative by The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) proposes a new framework and call to action for managing cardiogenic shock (CS), establishing lactate clearance potentially as the standardized, time-based marker of patient trajectory to improve outcomes in one of the deadliest cardiovascular emergencies.   “SCAI Door to Lactate Clearance (SCAI DLC) Cardiogenic Shock Initiative: Definition, Hypothesis and Call to Action” was unveiled September 19 at the SCAI SHOCK Conference in Tampa, FL, with simultaneous publication in JSCAI.  “Cardiogenic shock remains one of the deadliest ...